Shan-Lu Liu @ShanLuLiu1 Twitter profile

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Nasal spray boosters are crucial and will be game changers. Thank you @EricTopol @VirusesImmunity for writing this piece on our work @Jie_Immunology @ImmunologyTang @SciImmunology

Prof. Akiko Iwasaki

@VirusesImmunity

2 years

I am thrilled to coauthor an editorial piece for @SciImmunology with @EricTopol highlighting the need for Operation Nasal Vaccine—Lightning ⚡️ speed to counter COVID-19. Nasal spray boosters can induce local immunity to ⬇️ infection & transmission.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

We are happy to share our data on neutralization, infectivity, fusion, spike processing and antigenic mapping of BA.2.86 and FLip. Similar to ⁦ @BarouchLab ⁩ , we find that BA.2.86 is less nAb evasive compared to XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and FLip, with FLip the worst.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

We find that BA.2.86 has low infectivity in 293T-ACE2 cells, similar to @yunlong_cao results, but high infectivity in CaLu-3 cells - actually the highest among all Omicron variants tested.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

New data: bivalent better than monovalent in inducing nAb against XBB.1.5; XBB.1.5 less than BQ.1.1 in nAb resistance, CH.1.1 the best; Fusogenicity and infectivity higher for XBB.1.5; distinct structural roles for F486S and F486P. Results support and complement @yunlong_cao

bioRxiv

@biorxivpreprint

1 year

Extraordinary Evasion of Neutralizing Antibody Response by Omicron XBB.1.5, CH.1.1 and CA.3.1 Variants #bioRxiv

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Our latest results raise new concerns: new subvariants particularly BQ.1, BQ.1.1 and BA.2.75.2 are better evading nAb and more fusogenic driven by N460K, F486S, R346T, and K444T - consistent with @yunlong_cao .

bioRxiv

@biorxivpreprint

2 years

Distinct Neutralizing Antibody Escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7 and BA.2.75.2 #bioRxiv

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

Our new work: EG.5.1 more nAb evasive than XBB.1.5 driven by F456L mutation; XBB.2.3 comparable to XBB. Syncytia formation and infectivity: comparable to XBB.1.5. Bivalent vaccine or XBB.1.5 infection: insufficient to neutralize both. Conclusion: XBB-containing vaccines needed.

bioRxiv

@biorxivpreprint

10 months

Immune Evasion and Membrane Fusion of SARS-CoV-2 XBB Subvariants EG.5.1 and XBB.2.3 #bioRxiv

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

Our new work on BA.2.86 and FLip: distinct nAb escape, infectivity and fusogenicity. Thanks to our collaborators @EugeneOltz @Gumina_Lab @OSUVetCollege @OhioState @IDIatOSU

bioRxiv

@biorxivpreprint

10 months

Immune Evasion, Infectivity, and Fusogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86 and FLip Variants #bioRxiv

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

Happy to share that my graduate student Jack Evans successfully defended his PhD dissertation today. Within 4 years in the lab, Jack has published 23 papers, with 12 being the first author or cofirst authors in NEJM, CHM, STM, and mBio. Congratulations Jack!

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

Distinct from XBB and other Omicron variants, the class III mAb S309 cannot neutralize BA.2.86, yet S309 efficiently neutralizes FLip.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

The fusion activity of BA.2.86 is low in 293T/ACE2 cells, almost comparable to BA.2/BA.1, yet this is rescued in CaLu-3 cells, consistent with the increased infectivity in CaLu-3. The spike of BA.2.86 is more conformational stable compared to XBB variants?

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

We are hosting the ASV annual meeting 2024 at THE OSU, June 24-28, and preparation is underway.

Jacob Yount

@YountLabOSU

2 years

A great group of OSU/Nationwide Children’s colleagues at #ASV2022 !!🦠🔬🧫

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

BA.2.86 appears more antigenically similar to early Omicorn variants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5, and antigenically distinct from the XBB variants, especially FLip.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@EricTopol @SciImmunology @VirusesImmunity Thanks for writing this piece on our work.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

The Spike processing of BA.2.86 is less efficient compared to XBB variants, though higher than BA.2/BA.1, partly contributing to its low fusion and surface expression.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Happy to share our new work: booster-induced nAb is far more stable than the 2-dose: about 12-15% drop per month for all variants; prior infection has ~5-10 fold higher nAb titers than those boosted alone. 2nd booster fully recovered loss of nAb titer from 1st booster.

bioRxiv

@biorxivpreprint

2 years

Durability of the Neutralizing Antibody Response to mRNA Booster Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 Variants #bioRxiv

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

I am excited to share our latest work on “Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 Subvariants” now available in @NEJM @NEJMEvidence . Thanks to all collaborators @OhioState @OSUVetCollege @PeterMohler @EugeneOltz

Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 Subvariants | NEJM

After two doses of mRNA vaccine, health care workers had less viral neutralizing-antibody activity against the BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 omicron subvariants than against the BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants, b...

www.nejm.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@SolidEvidence Looking forward to working with Marc and solving this mystery. Indeed I talked to a colleague yesterday who is working at OSU and traveling between Columbus and Washington Court House. Indeed very interesting!

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

The first paper to report the pathogenesis of BA.2.75 among recent 4 studies on nAb evasion in @cellhostmicrobe by @yunlong_cao @SystemsVirology and @ShanLuLiu1 - Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 variant: Cell Host & Microbe

Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 variant

Saito and G2P-Japan Consortium et al. elucidate the virological properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 variant. BA.2.75 is more transmissible than BA.5 and exhibits different antigenicity than...

www.cell.com

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@dfocosi @EricTopol @TRyanGregory @PeterHotez @DrEricDing @SolidEvidence @ewencallaway @kakape @siamosolocani @CorneliusRoemer @LongDesertTrain My concern is new variants to be quickly arising from China with currently the unprecedented infections around the country. Advised colleagues there to do better job in monitoring and reporting sequences to GISAID and Nextstrain.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

One interesting finding of our study is that N460K drives enhanced fusion whereas G446S dominates immune evasion. Does N460K increase spike interaction with ACE2 via N90? Most likely, but glycan interaction may not be easily seen in structure due to protein overexpression.

Cell Host & Microbe

@cellhostmicrobe

2 years

Ab evasion by BA.2.75. @PankeQu @ShanLuLiu1 & Evans examine Ab escape & fusogenicity of #Omicron BA.2.75. BA.2.75 exhibits stronger neutralization resistance than BA.2 but weaker than BA.4/5 as well as enhanced fusogenicity-- largely due to G446S & N460K

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Now peer reviewed and published, working to make it open accessible. Thanks to all colleagues @PankeQu @EugeneOltz @Gumina_Lab @CarlinDcarlin Enhanced Neutralization Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7 and BA.2.75.2

Enhanced neutralization resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7,...

Numerous Omicron subvariants have emerged following BA.4/5 and BA.2.75 subvariants. Qu and colleagues investigate the neutralizing antibody resistance of these subvariants and their ancestral...

www.cell.com

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

11 months

Indeed! Our data in SIV-infected primates receiving solely two doses of BA4/5 bivalent vaccine (with no priming or booster by the WT) supports the same conclusion. A second bivalent booster increases the nAb titer, but none of the current XBB variants is efficiently neutralized.

Eric Topol

@EricTopol

11 months

Why the updated, monovalent XBB.1.5 booster is needed 2 doses of the bivalent BA.5 doesn't cut it "A second dose of the BA.5 bivalent booster is not sufficient to broaden antibody responses and to overcome immunological imprinting."

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Our new data: T547K and H655Y likely stabilize the spike trimer conformation by increasing molecular interactions, resulting in reduced S1 shedding. H655Y mutation also determines the low fusogenicity and high dependence on the endosomal entry pathway of BA.4/5 and BA.2.75.

bioRxiv Microbiology

@biorxiv_micrbio

2 years

Determinants and Mechanisms of the Low Fusogenicity and Endosomal Entry of Omicron Subvariants #biorxiv_micrbio

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Pandemic prep needs ‘smart surveillance’ to predict viral spillovers

“Smart surveillance” for viral spillover from animals to humans, targeted preparedness and drug and vaccine research, and worldwide cooperation on surveillance and stopping disease spread are...

news.osu.edu

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

A wonderful 3-day workshop on COVID-19 organized by Eric Freed and sponsored by @VirusesMDPI - especially enjoyed the panel discussion.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

BA.2.86 appears more antigenically similar to early Omicorn variants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5, and antigenically distinct from the XBB variants, especially FLip.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

11 months

Structural insight into how rodents might be involved in the origin of Omicron - key reversion mutations at residues 493 and 496 @jvirology

Structural evolution of SARS-CoV-2 omicron in human receptor recognition | Journal of Virology

The sudden emergence and continued evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant have left many mysteries unanswered, such as the origin of early omicron subvariants and the factors driving omicron...

journals.asm.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Our new work demonstrated that nAb levels against omicron variants in vaccinated adults decline by at least 15% per month after a single booster shot; titers are recovered by a second booster. Thanks to coworkers and collaborators @Gumina_Lab @PankeQu @CarlinDcarlin @EugeneOltz .

NEJM

@NEJM

2 years

After a 3rd (booster) dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, immunity wanes slower than after just 2 doses and decays even more slowly in those with breakthrough Covid-19. Neutralization of omicron variant BA.4/5 is particularly resistant to vaccine-induced immunity.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@EricTopol @JPWeiland Indeed concerning! BQ.1.1, BQ.1, along with BA.2.75.2, are more capable of nAb evasion as well as causing cell-cell fusion based on our new work

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

Virus has no border, and control of global pandemic requires international cooperation including scientific collaboration between the US and China @WHO @JVirology @theNAMedicine

The University of Hong Kong

@HKUniversity

1 year

🤝Protecting the well-being of humanity: Acclaimed @Columbia virologist Prof David Ho and @hkumed microbiologist Prof Yuen Kwok-yung are teaming up to create the "Pandemic Research Alliance" for conducting research in emerging infectious diseases. More at:

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@dfocosi @yunlong_cao @LongDesertTrain @WmHaseltine @EricTopol Unbelievable. They did not read the new BJM paper, nor do they know how this drug truly works and has behaved.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

We hope to see you at the ASV2024 meeting June 24-28, 2024 @OhioState @cbusconventions @AmerSocVirol @profvrr @IDIatOSU @JVirology @WHO

American Society for Virology

@AmerSocVirol

1 year

Get ready for ASV2024 at Ohio State University! Local host Shan-Lu Liu (Bonus: it’s very close to the airport, so no shuttle issues!)

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@Virus_Immunity @yunlong_cao @Delphine_Planas @institutpasteur Important piece of work. The patten is similar to ours in @NEJM showing that the rate of nAb decline without breakthrough infection is about 18% per month compared to ~14% with breakthrough infection.

Durability of Booster mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 Subvariants | NEJM

After a third (booster) dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, immunity waned more slowly than after two doses and even more slowly in persons with breakthrough Covid-19. Neutralization of subvariant BA.4/5 w...

www.nejm.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Thrilled to share our new work: Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Sub-lineages BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2

The emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants may threaten existing COVID-19 immunity. Evans and colleagues examine immunity against the BA.1.1 and BA.2 variants, as well as prior SARS-CoV-2 variants, in...

www.cell.com

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Our new results on BA.2.75: enhanced neutralization resistance over BA.2, but less than BA.4/5 - G446S and N460K primarily responsible, yet R493Q mutation reduces it; enhanced cell-cell fusion over BA.2, driven largely by the N460K mutation, which enhances S processing.

bioRxiv

@biorxivpreprint

2 years

Evasion of Neutralizing Antibody Response by the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.75 Variant #bioRxiv

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

Work by Wenhui Hu showed that Exin21 increases CoV-2 E expression by 34-fold and also boosts the production of SARS-CoV-2 S, M, and N, accessory proteins (NSP2, NSP16, and ORF3), and host cellular gene products such as IL-2, IFNγ, ACE2, and NIBP.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

9 months

Thanks for sharing our collaborative work at @OhioState @OSUVetCollege @OhioStatePres Indeed, COVID vaccines that induce broad, durable as well as mucosal immunity are needed.

Juan:🇵🇱🇮🇹🇺🇦🇲🇫🇦🇷

@jpjviro

9 months

great article by @ShanLuLiu1 and others... via @EricTopol

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@mvankerkhove In my letter to Nature published on Jan 19, 2020, I stated “Controlling the spread of emerging and re-emerging viruses calls for international efforts. China’s research collaborations and data-sharing must continue”

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

11 months

@VirusesImmunity @KeystoneSymp Me too, mask on, and see you there.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

Happy to share our new work. We keep seeing increased fusion of newly emerged Omicron variants since the birth of BA. 2, but none of those has reached to the level of D614G. A turning point could happen, either forward or reverse.

Cell Reports

@CellReports

1 year

Enhanced evasion of neutralizing antibody response by Omicron XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 variants

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@yunlong_cao @Nature Outstanding work, congratulations Richard.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Pleased to share our collaborative work with @QianbenWang and @yizhoudonglab on Cas13d nanoparticle-mediated lung-specific COVID therapy and prevention in mice.

Nature Chemical Biology

@nchembio

2 years

A new paper from @ZhifenC , @QianbenWang , @ShanLuLiu1 and @yizhoudonglab used Cas13d nanoparticles to KD lung protease cathepsin L for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Free to read link at

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@TRyanGregory Cocirculation of XBB variants makes generation of recombinant variants more likely and unpredictable. Would trivalent vaccines containing XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16 and XBB.2.3 or even EG.5.1 that can induce mucosal immunity be more appropriate and the way to go for this fall and winter?

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@florian_krammer @SutharLab In our hands, two types of assay are very consistent. I think results from more labs with larger sample sizes shall clarify the differences.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

Something must be done - Companies won’t share COVID-19 shots, stalling future vaccine research | Science | AAAS ⁦ @sciencecohen ⁩

Companies won’t share COVID-19 shots, stalling future vaccine research

Developing more broadly protective products requires comparisons with existing shots that Pfizer and Moderna won’t allow

www.science.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

7 months

@Yash25571056 As TIM-1, AXL, TAM and other PS receptors, RAGE serves as a general host cofactor to promote viral entry, including SARS-CoV-2

Role of host factors in SARS-CoV-2 entry

The zoonotic transmission of highly pathogenic coronaviruses into the human population is a pressing concern highlighted by the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Recent work has helped to illuminate much...

www.jbc.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

>90% of awardees are white vs. less than 7% of Asian descent, despite that people of Asian descent make up more than 21% of biomedical faculty, according to a study by HHMI investigator Yuh Nung Jan, who called the numbers “pretty appalling.”

STAT

@statnews

1 year

“Working hard and having all kinds of accomplishments may get you ... a faculty appointment, but it doesn’t get you into the C-suite,” said one Asian American doctor.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Excited to share our new work: L452 mutation does it! Differential Evasion of Delta and Omicron Immunity and Enhanced Fusogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 Subvariants

Differential Evasion of Delta and Omicron Immunity and Enhanced Fusogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron...

The rising case numbers of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 subvariants has generated serious concern about the course of the pandemic. Here we examine the neutralization resistance,...

www.biorxiv.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Great work by @yunlong_cao and colleagues, which is complementary to our work in @cellhostmicrobe

Evasion of neutralizing antibody responses by the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.75 variant

Newly emerged Omicron subvariants reignite concerns over escape from existing immunity. Qu and colleagues compare the immunity resistance and fusogenicity of BA.2.75 with prior variants. BA.2.75...

www.cell.com

Cell Host & Microbe

@cellhostmicrobe

2 years

Infectivity & Ab evasion of BA.2.75. #SARSCoV2 #Omicron BA.2.75 Spike structure shows stronger binding to human ACE2. BA.2.75 exhibits distinct antigenicity vs. BA.5, escaping nAbs & evading convalescent plasma from BA.5 breakthrough infections

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@kallmemeg @yunlong_cao CH.1.1, along with CA.3.1, are so far the most capable of evading nAb induced by bivalent/monovalent mRNA vaccines and BA4/5 infection, worse than BQ.1.1. And XBB lineages including XBB.1.5 have comparable nAb resistance, all less than BQ.1.1. and BA.2.75.2 @EricTopol

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

8 months

@LongDesertTrain @StuartTurville Yes, we have shown that BA.2.86 infectivity and fusogenicity in CaLu-3 cells is higher than all other Omicron subvariants

Immune Evasion, Infectivity, and Fusogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86 and FLip Variants

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires the reassessment of current vaccine measures. Here, we characterized BA.2.86 and the XBB-lineage variant FLip by investigating their neutralization alongside D614G,...

www.biorxiv.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@ejustin46 @siamosolocani @dfocosi @LongDesertTrain @SystemsVirology Thanks for sharing our work.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Thanks to NIH's director's blog for highlighting our recent work: How COVID-19 Immunity Holds Up Over Time

How COVID-19 Immunity Holds Up Over Time

More than 215 million people in the United States are now fully vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19 [1]. More than 40 percent—more than 94 million people—also have roll…

directorsblog.nih.gov

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

9 months

@LongDesertTrain @GuptaR_lab @veeslerlab @sigallab @SystemsVirology We did a series of reversion mutation based on BA.1 through BA.2.75 and identified some key mutations responsible, including N460K, H655Y in S1 and some more in S2. A clear trend is an increased syncytia formation from BA.1 to FLip. BA.2.86 is distinct, seems cell type dependent.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

Timely and critical editorial by Science Editor in Chief @hholdenthorp - Eroding trust and collaboration

Eroding trust and collaboration

It wasn’t that long ago when scientific collaboration between the United States and China was enthusiastically encouraged as a means to accomplish the best science. American universities established...

www.science.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

@vipintukur @TRyanGregory Thank you for sharing our new work.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

@ejustin46 @LongDesertTrain @siamosolocani @dfocosi @SystemsVirology @shay_fleishon @mrmickme @DavidJoffe64 @HarrySpoelstra @outbreakupdates @RajlabN @vipintukur @_ppmv @AltenbergLee @C_A_Gustave @ChristosArgyrop @RadCentrism Thanks for sharing our work.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@LongDesertTrain In vitro, we showed that the fusogenicity of recently emerged Omicron subvariants has been increasing since BA.2, including BQ.1.1 and XBB lineages.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@EricTopol @OhioState CH.1.1 and CA.3.1 appear to be more capable of evading nAb induced by bivalent/monovalent mRNA vaccines and BA4/5 infection than the recently dominant BQ.1.1. XBB lineages including XBB.1.5 have comparable nAb resistance, all less than BQ.1.1. and BA.2.75.2 @yunlong_cao

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@SystemsVirology Similar to our finding. Yes, the fusogenicity of dominant Omicron subvariants has been increasing since BA.2.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@ACasadevall1 @MayoClinic @US_FDA In the panel discussion of a COVID workshop yesterday, we discussed about reconsidering the high-titer CP treatment for those immune compromised individuals who do not respond to vaccines. I believe this is important, and new clinical trials should be done.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

7 months

Immune imprinting or original antigenic sin continues to be a serious issue for the current COVID vaccine development, check out our recent review in Journal of Immunology and a preview in Cell Reps Med

Challenges and Prospects in Developing Future SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Overcoming Original Antigenic...

Abstract. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the development of several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. However, waning vaccine efficacy as well as

journals.aai.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@RajlabN @CDCgov CH.1.1, the most nAb evasive subvariant we have seen so far, is on the rise in US and could become predominant in the months to come as having been seen in UK and other countries.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

8 months

@LongDesertTrain @siamosolocani @Canakiwi2 BA.2 acquired mutations that make it more fit than BA.1, especially with increased fusogenicity. This is similar to D614G vs. the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, and BA.2.86 decedents vs BA.2.86. Hints of this repeated pattern for the origins of parental Omicron and current BA. 2.86?

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@dfocosi @yunlong_cao @LongDesertTrain @WmHaseltine @EricTopol

Covid-19: Molnupiravir does not cut hospital admissions or deaths in vaccinated people at high...

The antiviral drug molnupiravir does not reduce hospital admissions or deaths among vaccinated high risk patients with covid-19 infection, show the results of a landmark trial that included more than...

www.bmj.com

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

A wonderful piece by @jeffmervis Pall of suspicion: NIH’s secretive ‘China initiative’ has destroyed scores of academic careers

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@angie_rasmussen @Jie_Immunology @ImmunologyTang Thank you Angie. Take care. Shan-Lu

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@FabrizioChiodo @EricTopol @OhioState Correct. The point is that bivalent mRNA vaccines on top of the 3-dose booster can provide enhanced immunity against XBB lineages, especially given the loss of ~17-20% nAb per 30 days, based on our @NEJM paper -

Durability of Booster mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 Subvariants | NEJM

After a third (booster) dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, immunity waned more slowly than after two doses and even more slowly in persons with breakthrough Covid-19. Neutralization of subvariant BA.4/5 w...

www.nejm.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@wanderer_jasnah FAST is probably the most fusogenic viral protein ever seen in our experiments, and it may not have the hemifusion step which is common to all fusion processes, including cellular fusion. Truly amazing.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

@EricTopol It’s intriguing to see exactly the same titer between XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16 in no breakthrough infection, which has a relatively low number. We will post our results soon on titers and also interesting biology of BA.2.86 in comparison with other variants.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@EricTopol @NEJM Thanks for sharing our new work.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@JosetteSchoenma @EricTopol @OhioState The bivalent mRNA vaccine contains half of BA.4/5 but not BA.1, which in part explains the higher resistance of CH.1.1. From our NEJM paper below, we know that L452 mutations are critical determinants of differential nAb resistance.

Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 Subvariants | NEJM

After two doses of mRNA vaccine, health care workers had less viral neutralizing-antibody activity against the BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 omicron subvariants than against the BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants, b...

www.nejm.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@deniswirtz @Stanford @Harvard @Penn @Yale @UMich @UCLA @UCSDHealth @WUSTL @Cambridge_Uni @Cornell Great to see that UW-Seattle and The Ohio State University are ranked #5 and 12, respectively.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@MCoteLab @EricTopol @JPWeiland The cell-cell fusion assay was originally developed for JSRV and ENTV actually by you in our lab at McGill. And the extremely cold temperatures in Montreal made the fusion much less efficient and later we figured out it’s THE temperature in our TC room!” to blame.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

11 months

@dfocosi @ColumbiaMed Our data in SIV-infected primate monkeys receiving solely two doses of BA4/5 bivalent vaccine (with no priming or booster by WT) supports the conclusion. The second bivalent booster dramatically increase the nAb titer but still does not neutralize sufficiently the XBBs variants.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

Surprising Anatomy Explains Why It Is Wildly Contagious via @sciam

Omicron's Surprising Anatomy Explains Why It Is Wildly Contagious

Specific mutations hide the COVID-causing variant from the immune system and give it a new route into more cells

www.scientificamerican.com

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

It’s now published in @mbiojournal

Determinants and Mechanisms of the Low Fusogenicity and High Dependence on Endosomal Entry of...

Omicron has been shown to predominantly use the endosomal entry pathway, resulting in reduced lung tropism and reduced disease severity; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In...

journals.asm.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

@yunlong_cao Great work! Low infectivity is interesting and seems marking sense. We also saw one of the Ohio cryptic spikes also shows much reduced infectivity.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

@ejustin46 @lasradoN The live virus data on BA.2.86, CH.1.1, and others are very consistent with pseudoviral results, with CH.1.1 (along with CA.3.1 etc) the worst in nAb neutralization and BA.2.86 not as evasive as XBB.1.5 and FLip. See our previous paper on

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@SesmaLab @stephanielangel @tompkins_lab @CarolinePage13 @CIDER_UGA @BioProfBarker I am on bus now, but will miss the first part of the council meeting.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

8 months

@vipintukur @siamosolocani The titer of XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine against XBB.1.5 itself is lower than that of B.1 and BA.5, why? Immune imprinting from prior infection or vaccination?

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

8 months

@wanderer_jasnah @siamosolocani @LongDesertTrain Interesting! Thanks for citing our SERINC work.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@veeslerlab In our newly published paper, we reported that one mutation H655Y present in all Omicron subvariants is critical for their predominant endosomal entry pathway.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@Marc_Veld I would speculate that the so-called ACE2 independent infection of T cells is a non-productive cell-to-cell transmission, as we had shown in our Dec’2021 PNAS paper for human PBMC @PNASNews

SARS-CoV-2 spreads through cell-to-cell transmission | PNAS

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible coronavirus responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic. He...

www.pnas.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@mvankerkhove I also stated “ The authorities have been understandably cautious after the early misidentification of the SARS pathogen in 2003. However, the results of animal testing from a seafood market in Wuhan…must be released as soon as possible”.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@SesmaLab @guspalpogeng @gogo_science @DomTortorella Congratulations Ana!

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

9 months

@LongDesertTrain @GuptaR_lab @veeslerlab @sigallab @SystemsVirology However, our new work shows that XBB.1.16 has reduced fusion compared to XBB.1.5. In fact, fusion assay measures solely the intrinsic capability of spike conformational changes, i.e. 6HB formation, and it does not always correlate with entry.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

@RajlabN Coming soon, thanks

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@LubanLab @MassCPR Jeremy, a very nice article. Our results showing that Omicron has reduced fusion but increased cell-to-cell transmission is consistent with the notion that Omicron is likely a result of chronic infection and its potential impacts on chronic COVID cannot be ignored.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@LongDesertTrain The highly primed Delta spike due to its enhanced furin cleavage would intrinsically restrict other critical mutations that would increase binding to ACE2 so as to avoid possible premature inactivation.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

Can MLV infect nondividing cells? For a long time, no; but new results from Susan Ross’s lab indicate yes: MLV can infect non-dividing primary DCs and requires the viral p12 protein. MLV capsid also associates with the nuclear pore proteins NUP358 and NUP62 during infection.

bioRxiv

@biorxivpreprint

10 months

Murine leukemia virus can infect non-dividing primary cells #bioRxiv

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@LongDesertTrain That is true, but BA.2.75 also picks up a reversion mutation R493Q that reduces the neutralization resistance. In the end, it comes to a balance for the spike - as we show in the CHM paper.

Evasion of neutralizing antibody responses by the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.75 variant

Newly emerged Omicron subvariants reignite concerns over escape from existing immunity. Qu and colleagues compare the immunity resistance and fusogenicity of BA.2.75 with prior variants. BA.2.75...

www.cell.com

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

8 months

@ejustin46 Excellent work! Previously we have shown that PBMCs and other low- or no-ACE2 cells can be trans-infected via cell-to-cell transmission but may not lead to productive infection

SARS-CoV-2 spreads through cell-to-cell transmission | PNAS

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible coronavirus responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic. He...

www.pnas.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@jcbarret Probably not so surprising, at least to me.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

10 months

@Mira_24_ @GuptaR_lab @C_A_Gustave Yes, we found that it is target-cell dependent. In CaLu-3 cells, BA.2.86 is the highest among Omicron variants tested so far. Delta is the highest in fusion among all SARS-CoV-2 strains.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@EricTopol Thanks Eric for sharing our work.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@vinayaka1prasad @GildaTachedjian I missed seeing you there, but hopefully next month?

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@DrSamGru Congratulations Sam, see you soon.

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

1 year

@ChlandaL @steffen_kl @GolaniGonen @FabioLolicato @SchwarzUlrich @NickelLab @cellhostmicrobe Interesting and great work! Unfortunately, a highly relevant piece of work from our lab published in 2013/PLoS Pathogens showing that IFITM proteins restrict viral membrane hemifusion was not cited and discussed (not among the 132 references)

IFITM Proteins Restrict Viral Membrane Hemifusion

Author Summary Many pathogenic viruses contain an envelope that must fuse with the cell membrane in order to gain entry and initiate infection. This process is mediated by one or more glycoproteins...

journals.plos.org

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Shan-Lu Liu

@ShanLuLiu1

2 years

@laura_ungar Thanks for the opportunity. The new preprint from Japan and online yesterday shows that BA.2.12.1 is more pathogenic and more transmissible than the original Omicron, supporting our results.

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