Historian at Australian National University working on Modern Japan and twentieth century international history. Book on Kishi Nobusuke and conservatism soon.
There is an amazing story behind this cartoon which involves internecine personnel disputes within the Ministry of Commerce and Industry; pro-Axis muckraking right-wing publishers, a hit piece by Kyōmachi Uneme (京町采女). Manchukuo, and a politician on the make in 1940 Tokyo.
My piece on the political killing of Abe Shinzō, that delves into the long sweep of imperial and postwar Japanese history that intersects with Abe though Kishi.
I come to utterly dislike the term "puppet state." It strips away all nuances and contradictions of collaboration, and tells us even less about how collaborationist regimes changed over time. For myself the term has become an evasion of harder and messier historical questions.
Some great lists of writings on Japanese empire and war are deservedly making the rounds but, for my money, one of the most significant of recent decades is conspicuously missing:
Emer O'Dwyer's 'Significant Soil: Settler Colonialism and Japan's Urban Empire in Manchuria.'
Many of the problems I have with the historiography on interwar and wartime Japan has to do with how we narrate the transitions between the 1920s and 1930s and hence, how we talk about Taishō democracy and the so-called "New Japan" of the post-WW1 era. A small thread 1/
One of the most intriguing gaps in the Anglophone scholarship on wartime Japan is any real attempt to come to terms with the Ministry for Greater East Asia, and to take seriously its mountains of planning papers, or proposals for reorganizing the economy of postwar Asia.
Sitting here finalising my manuscript on Kishi Nobusuke I cannot believe what has happened today. I want to take time to gather my thoughts and put them down into a longish piece on Abe that I have been thinking of writing for some time now. Now is the time.
I have never before seen footage of the Manchurian emperor’s visit to Japan in 1940 to take part in wartime celebrations of the empire’s (imagined) 2,600th anniversary.
A fascinating glimpse of the world before the fall of monarchical East Asia.
One book that I cannot wait to read is Mircea Cărtărescu's 'Theodoros,' written in Romanian it follows a landscape -Wallachia, Greek Archipelago, and Ethiopia - which mirrors my family's wandering through the devastations and disasters of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
And this from the pen of Will Swanton in 'The Australian,' a bottom of the barrel racial-ist screed questioning how Japanese Naomi Osaka "really" is.... then opines the Flame should have been lightened by a "true" Japanese sports star, Sadaharu Oh.
I am honored to see my article “The War is Not Over: Kishi Nobusuke and the National Defense Brotherhood,” published in
@JJS_jrnl
Like all pieces that relied on support and advice of many people over the years. What follows is a small thread. 1/
Really looking forward to this
@modernjapanhist
conversation on May 9 with my ANU colleague, Simon Avenell, on his compelling and deeply researched book, “Asia and Postwar Japan: deimperialization, civic activism, and national identity.”
Link below:
@professor_jedi
This is just terrible Elijah, and it makes me so angry at the state of higher education, at lives and careers upended and destroyed, at all the books and all the classes which will never be. The loss is incalculable.
I am looking forward to this NHK documentary on the 13-year history of Imperial Manchuria (Manchukuo). An experimental state. A phantom kingdom. A monarchical redoubt in revolutionary Asia. Or crucible of Asia’s twentieth century. Probably all. And more.
It is utterly dismaying that there is not a single chapter devoted to Japan. Instead what we get a throwaway chapter which combines the German and Japanese empire FOCUSED ONLY on the INTERWAR decades.
What a disgrace.
Just started reading this fascinating new work by Chris Gerteis on Cold War youth - Left and Right - who stood at the transnational nexus of Pan-Asianism, Maoism, anti-imperialism, anti-communism and ultra-nationalism.
Very happy to be able to announce that I have been awarded a 2021 Fellowship at the National Library of Australia
@nlagovau
supported by the Harold S. Williams Trust for Japan Studies.
In reading the history of fascism in Japan, in its transnational, intellectual and artistic registers, one question continues to strike me for its absence: Did fascism have a different hold on different regions of Japan, especially those most connected to the empire?
Something you don’t see anymore. The Penguin edition (1985) of Yukio Mishima’s tetralogy, ‘Sea of Fertility,’ collecting all four novels in one volume.
It is astonishing we continue to talk about international law only from the archives of the imperial metropoles without centering original language archival voices from Hanoi, Bandung, & Cairo.
We need to stop writing global history where Afro-Asia is only a stage for Europe.
Just picked up a secondhand copy of Dower’s ‘War without Mercy.’ I had never seen this cover before, restrained and equally evocative. Captures something about the work that others did not.
Robert Cribb is a historian's historian. And this is a pointed and devastating piece that lays bear many of the shibboleths around the exceptionalism of wartime Japan. Well worth your time.
Our reading of the cultures of protests of the 1950s and 1960s are too Tokyo-centric. As a student at Kyoto, I always loved hearing the stories - almost invariably told at night in one many bars and izakayas - of Kyoto University radical activism.
@MrKRudd
What a disgrace. As a postdoc at Harvard I heard
@MrKRudd
speak at the Fairbanks Center. He was fiercely intelligent and formidable; willing to argue and even challenged mounted a fierce defence. Agree or disagree with him, he deserved better.
A lot has been written on how to carry out a coup d'état, or on the success and failure of military uprisings. Much of it interminable. The most under-appreciated, yet for my money perceptive accounts, is Shillony’s ‘Revolt in Japan.’ Should be required reading.
The Australian Financial Review should be embarrassed for publishing this revisionist piece and it should be retracted immediately.
A highlight: After praising JPN colonialism in Korea the author declares: ’This is the Korea that Japan has dreamt of since the Meiji era.'
This is a painting by my daughter Zara, which was award a student art prize. The depth of the piece, it’s tone, and force of imagination, startles me. From what realm did you conjure this painting into being Zara? I am so proud of her.
Join us on May 22 for the final in our triumvirate of seminars on the end of the Japanese. Dr. Mayuko Itoh will reflect on intimate violence experienced by women after Soviet invasion of Manchuria, during repatriation, and its spectral afterlives in postwar Japan.
Link Below!
Job interviews have a strange alchemy. Take, Ishii Mitsujirō interviewing in 1913 for the Home Ministry. Nothing went right. Just as all hope abandoned him, an interviewer inquired, ‘you drink?’ To which Ishii answered, ‘I drink folks under the table.’ He was hired on the spot.
"...Japan will emerge as conservative, authoritarian and strongly anti-communist (on more than ideological grounds). Japan almost certainly will not become the 'bastion of democracy' envisaged by American planners..."
- Harry Kern, Foreign Reports, December 1958.
At our second ANU Japan seminar on May 7, Prof. Peter Mauch will reflect on a changing archival and historiographic landscape to reconsider the roles of the Army and Emperor Hirohito in driving Japanese surrender in World War II.
Please register here!
Very grateful to everyone who came along yesterday to hear this talk. For the incisive questions, I could not have asked for more. And especially good to see old and new friends.
Looking forward to be back with the book!
So, for everyone asking, here are four of the books I am reading for a state of the field review - in addition to Carter Eckerts’ recent book on Park Chung-hee.
Hannah is more than right here. And all the excuses, prevarications, and justifications in the responses miss the point. The problem is less the contested past, than the incentives in the here and now driving Japanese officials to push a ‘correct’ reading of the past.
It’s kind of fascinating but also disturbing to watch in real time Japanese officials pushing their version of the history of Japan’s imperialism and wartime behavior and people going along with them.
The Naval examination award, 1939. Striking how large the continent figures in this award. And more so how the figure on the horse bears more than a passing resemblance to the cover of the Defense White Paper, 2021.
So, today I drove out to visit the
@AsiaBookroom
in Canberra, whose East Asian collection I had long heard about. I could have stayed there for hours. The result below...
Highlights - now more than ever - the need to write the Japanese developmental and modernization state back into the global history of late capitalism. Works that focus only on the PRC are missing the picture completely.
Zemmour’s admiration for ‘the Japanese model’ — French capital should have increased post-war labour productivity instead of postcolonial immigration — betrays how most far-right programmes are also just alternative post-histories, as if hikikomori will restore French virility.
A fascinating series of collected research papers on the fate - one might say the nemesis - of the proletarian parties and Japanese social democracy. Specifically important for new work on the interwar political and ideological movements that formed the Social Masses Party.
Very grateful to see my review of Shimizu Yuichirō
@ys_jpd
reassessment of the meaning of meritocracy in modern Japanese history and its role in political change and constitutional politics in Japan Review, a journal published by Nichibunken.
@PeoplesHistory4
@JonPiccini
I remember growing up and watching this on the television and being so proud of the union movement. Right-wing hack and radio man Neil "Mr Melbourne" Mitchell was never same after he came face to face with the workers...
Richard Smethurst is a great historian, and one who influenced me in many ways. Here he writes with decades of erudition on the worldview of elite staff officers in the Imperial Japanese Army. Much to ponder.
So, I will be introducing some of the
@nlagovau
Cold War archives and collections on transnational anticommunism in East Asia. And making some preliminary remarks about my second book project.
Its only online so, everyone welcome!
This has taken longer than I had hoped. But below, finally, are links to the recordings of our triumvirate of talks on the end of the Japanese empire.
Keep an eye out later in the year for our planned series of modern history seminars on postwar Japan.
Kishi was many things - ruthless, concerned about geopolitics, and ideological. He was a product and emblem of the past - of empire and its destruction. A survivor of violent political upheaval. To paraphrase Carter Eckert, Kishi is a spider in the web of Japanese modernization.
This won't be the first time that Kishi Nobusuke has appeared in manga form. The 2016-2017 manga series Shippuu no Hayato depicts Kishi as a scheming villain.
The 3 stars on Kyodai’s Seibukoudo are in honour of the 3 Japanese Red Army members involved in a hijack attempt in Tel Aviv in 1972. The 2 killed were Kyoto University students.The 3rd although still alive and not a Kyoto Student also gets a star
@japanesehistory
Very proud to join the “Reimagining the Australia-Japan” at the AJRC. Thanks to my dear friend
@shiroarmstrong
for asking me to bring a historical lens to map out where we have been and where we are going.
The Australia-Japan Research Centre welcomes Dr Andrew Levidis
@Andrew_Levidis
to the ANU. Professor Levidis will be joining the AJRC as an Honorary Lecturer.
If you can find it, have a read of Bruce Cumings, ‘Seeing Like an Area Specialist,’ puts a lot of the changes in Asian studies and discipline in universities from the 1990s onwards into perspective.
Ishizaka Yōjirō's "Wakai hito" was a bestseller in the 1930s yet now, sadly, is mostly forgotten. For whatever it is worth, I think Ishizaka's work remains one of the most significant sources for insights into the lives of imperial youth in the wartime Shōwa period.
First up, I am happy to announce my forthcoming edited volume with Barak Kushner
@CambridgeFames
"In the Ruins of the Japanese Empire: Imperial Violence, State Destruction, and the Reordering of Modern East Asia" with
@HKUPress
Cover looks great!
There is an section in Skabelund’s excellent work on the Cold War SDF that caught my eye. It involves former imperial IJA officer turned politician Tsuji Masanobu’s attack on social dancing at the National Defense Academy. Skabelund situates this opposition in terms of 1/
@Paul_KeatingPM
Scotty is ideologically incapable of giving money to the poor. He just cant do it. Here we have a man in Scott Morrison - intellectually, politically, and ideologically - unsuitable for the office of prime minister. The wrong man at the wrong time. God help us.
Very much looking forward to taking part in Professor Barak Kushner's workshop "Justice and Injustice in East Asia, 1945 to the Present: Media, History and Politics" with
@msherzodm
at the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study.
Finally, our
@AJRC_ANU
'Reimagining the Japan Relationship' Report is out in the world! A major study which re-examines Australia-Japan relations at an extraordinary crossroads in the history of international order in East Asia.
It is the first time I have seen the continental and oceanic expanse of the Axis mapped like this. What is striking is the New Order in Europe was also a New Order in Africa. And the French Union in Indochine, a global conjuncture where the Axis actually met.
What a fascinating trans-pacific and trans-imperial history! One which touches on questions of race, empire, oceanic history, and Japanese migration to central and South America.
While many of my dear friends are presenting at AAS in Boston, some very exciting archival discoveries have fallen into my hands and led me again to Tokyo’s Cold War ghosts.
Meaney’s collected essays - I am struck by his comparative histories of deimperializing Japan & Australia. A relationship that serves as a lens to think through the question of Asia that hovers like a specter at the banquet to his work on Britishness and Australian Identity.
The mantle of legitimacy. A stunning photograph of reorganized nationalist China. Reminds me of an oft overlooked reality of Japan’s New Order and wars of international renovation - its principal political aims were in China not the amorphous Asia-Pacific.
Wang Jingwei汪精卫, head of Japan-backed Chinese puppet government, visiting the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Nanking, March 19, 1940.
Photo by The Asahi Shimbun.
Two fascinating Australian figures - Fred Schwarz and Frank Mount - whose lives and movements shed new light on anticommunist internationalism. Far from a periphery of the Cold War, Australia emerges in archives and memoirs as a hub of regional and transnational organization.
Perhaps one of the most unexplored archives for scholars of the Japanese empire and war is the French. Which should not be surprising given the colonial empire in Indochina and its centrality in the global Second World War.
A small hint of what is in the French archives, what has never looked at since the 1940s
« Americans are doing nuclear tests on Japanese boats. ... General Ishiwara declared in front of journalists he is against the fact that the U.S. uses Japan as a base in the next war. »
We often mistakenly compare Tōjō with Axis wartime leaders, but as Asada Masafumi intriguingly observes, his leadership and governing style bore many similarities to one of his contemporaries, Chiang Kai-shek..
While Japanese historians have focused on transnational roots of total war, yokusankai, national defense state. Anglophone histories have moved in the opposite direction. The parting of historiogrpahies on fascism is one of the most fascinating subterranean stories of the field.
We need a political history of the Second Sino-Japanese War. One which integrates the collaborationist regimes and their leaders as key figures in the international/civil war.
The Wang Jingwei and Lin Baisheng Photograph Collection, held at Stanford University's East Asia Library
@StanfordLibs
@CEAS_Stanford
, has been digitized and is now available here:
One of the most significant workshops I have been to in a while. Events like this do not just happen. So thanks to Giulia Garbagani and
@alessionaval
.
Particularly taken by reflections of
@JNilssonWright
and
@SheilaSmithCFR
of lives lived in history, policy, and modern Japan.
🇯🇵 How has Japan's strategic thinking evolved since 1945?
Join
@KCL_CGS
for a one-day conference exploring the theme of grand strategic thinking in Japan from a historical perspective.
🗓️ 5 July, 9:00-17:30
📍Bush House Lecture Theatre 5, BH (SE) 2.09
If you think the connection between Kishi and the Unification Church, or it’s nascent mass movement, International Federation for Victory Over Communism, was principally about anticommunism, then you are missing the essentially domestic goals driving their alliance.
So excited to take part in this initiative led by
@yoshidama12
, a dear friend, and without doubt one of the very best historians of modern Japan and its empire-state.
A perceptive and careful historical work on the era of Asian decolonization seen through the eyes of Australian diplomatists in the late-1940s and subsequent decades. A must read.
This is a really good book. One of the best I have read on the social history, private life and moral compromises of the foot soldiers of fascism. It is the affective register, where the affairs of the heart and affairs of state intersect, that strike me as the most generative.
Interesting fact: In Sugamo Prison, The Japan Times - which carried editorials from American news - was the newspaper of choice for class-A war criminals. Kishi constantly praised it for providing a window on political divisions in the U.S. over the Tokyo Trials.
Interesting that the 'Fifteen Year War' narrative - a common trope of the Japanese historiography for decades - has now been taken up by British historians. New life the dead receive.
Excited for this new book on student conscription. I was struck by the quote from Marquis Hosokawa's diary
'Behind the lines soldiers are engaged in politics and economics, while students who studied politics and economics are engaged in combat...is this the shape of total war?'
Excited to co-host with
@BajiTomohito
this workshop at the bleeding edge of global historical writing and intellectual history.
How can intellectual historians navigate and chart seas and oceans? If you are in Canberra on 7 Feb, come along!
For those who missed it, my talk last month at ANU Japan Institute, 'The Opening of the Right-Wing's Eyes: Tsukui Tatsuo, State Socialism, and the New China of the 1950s' is now online. Thanks
@Lauren_ANU
Some new and interesting titles on postwar/postimperial Japanese political lives, and the scandals that defined an era in Kasumigaseki. Thinking a lot on these as I try to make sense of the contemporary violence. Going back to go forward.
Merci pour cette invitation qui m'honore infiniment.
So looking forward to returning to Paris and presenting this research on anticommunist internationalism in East Asia from the 1930s to 1970s.
Come across some fascinating material on Kodama Yoshio in the Australian archives. Little known fact: industrialist Ishihara Hiroichirō - known for his patronage of radicals during the reformist upheavals in the 1930s - was also the richest suspected war criminal.
One of the most generative and intriguing articles I read this year was by Reto Hofmann on the afterlives of ex-communist Nabeyama Sadachika and his role in anti-communist activism in transwar Japan and East Asia. Much to ponder here.
In 1956 the influential Thai political figure, Sang Phatthanothai, sent his children, then aged nine and twelve, to live in Beijing under Zhou Enlai’s care. They remained there for more than a decade, growing up among the children of high-ranking party cadres, and 1/
Fascinating piece. I have always wondered about the extent of archival destruction in Japan’s continental empire. The flames are a great leveler. How do archives vanish and survive the breaking down or death of an empire? And how are they subsequently rediscovered? And by whom?
"As the Second World War concluded, the documents of Japan's continental empire largely went up in flames...Tada Fumio (多田文男, 1900–1978), a geographer, spirited away a large map collection detailing Japan's once-massive empire."
#WWII
#empire
The global history of the Cold War as seen through the "yearnings for freedom in Asia, Africa, and Latin America from around the time of the post-WW II decolonization to the late 1970s." Unmissable.