A Nature journal dedicated to presenting the very best research across the disciplines of astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology and planetary science.๐ก
Our June issue is now available to read:
The striking cover image relates to the Blanchard et al. paper in the issue, on the supernova behind GRB 221009A.
Phosphine is to Venus as methane is to Mars? 20 parts-per-million of phosphine have been detected in the temperate clouds of Venus, and its source is not evident. Greaves et al.:
Are you bored of planets orbiting always in the same orientation? Check this out: Kennedy et al. have broken the monotony, finding a disk of planetesimals orbiting perpendicularly to the orbit of its binary star system. PERPENDICULARLY.
Sorry
#terraforming
fans, but Mars doesn't have enough CO2 reserves that could be mobilised with present or realistic future technology to create a significant enough greenhouse effect. Jakosky & Edwards:
Io's volcanoes have been fully mapped by
@NASAJuno
. It appears that the equator is more volcanic than the poles and the north pole emits more volcanic heat flow than the south. Inhomogeneities in the lithosphere may be behind this behaviour. Davies et al.:
Phosphine is to Venus as methane is to Mars? 20 parts-per-billion of phosphine have been detected in the temperate clouds of Venus, and its source is not evident. Greaves et al.:
A full mapping -- down to 1 cm in size -- of the areas that can retain water ice on the Moon shows that "micro cold traps" are the most numerous. In total, ~40,000 km2 of the lunar surface can hold water. Hayne et al.:
Published in Nature Astronomy today, five papers reporting the measurements from Voyager 2 as it crossed from the heliosphere into interstellar space. For an overview, a good place to start is the News & Views from Du Toit Strauss:
Detection of H2S gas over Uranus' main cloud deck gives insight into cloud composition as well as the sulphur/nitrogen ratio of the interior, by Patrick Irwin et al.: with N&Vs by Imke de Pater:
Mars' Cerberus Fossae fault region is the source of half of the whole planet's seismic moment, indicating that it is still actively opening and that there is a warm source at ~40 km depth below it.
@exoseismologist
,
@AnnaPlanetMars
, et al.:
K2-18 b is a planet with a mass between Earth and Neptune in the habitable zone of its star. Its atmosphere is likely to be rich in water. Tsiaras et al.: (free to read link)
Betelgeuse dimmed drastically to a historical minimum in February 2020. This "Great Dimming" was serendipitously caught by a meteorological satellite:
@DTaniguchiAstro
et al. had the inspired idea to collect the observations and use them for astronomy!
.
@SOFIAtelescope
has detected molecular water at lunar high latitudes, with abundances between 100-400 ppm. The oft-used 3 ยตm band can't distinguish between water and mineral-bound hydroxyl (OH) so here Honniball et al. use the 6ยตm water band:
A first look at the
@haya2e_jaxa
samples brought back from
#Ryugu
(1/2): ~5.5 grams of very dark and brittle material, with a lower density than meteorites... suggesting high porosity down to the micro-scale. Yada et al.:
The Event Horizon Telescope reveals a highly-collimated, asymmetrically edge-brightened jet at millimetre wavelengths in the active galaxy Centaurus A. Janssen et al.:
The quantization of spacetime would lead to a correction to a particle's speed. Neutrinos detected by IceCube show hints of slowing down...
@AmelinoCamelia
et al.:
The JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey has identified the farthest and therefore earliest galaxies. NIRCam observations reveal bright galaxies that formed earlier than expected, when the Universe was 300-500 million years old. Read it for free:
#Exomoon
candidate alert: one planet in a survey of 70 exhibited an intriguing signature, but it's a good one: 4.8-sigma significance after an intensive barrage of tests. And yes, it's a huge body, a moon of ~2.6 Earth radii.
@david_kipping
et al.:
Arimatsu et al. have detected a kilometre-sized Kuiper Belt Object for the first time, using an occultation technique with a pair of amateur telescopes:
Congratulations to the winner of
#NAstroCoverComp
2023, Chitta et al., with this view of the web of magnetized plasma found in the Sun's middle corona! This image gathered half the votes in the final, and featured on the front page of our February issue:
Under the south pole of Mars there is a complex system of liquid ponds around the bigger lake area that was detected in 2018. This underground lake region probably contains salty brines. Lauro, Pettinelli, et al.:
Our February issue is now available to read! The cover image shows a representation of the complex web in the Sun's middle corona and is connected to the Chitta et al. paper in the issue.
There is a group of large dark asteroids in the Outer Main Belt that shares properties and history with Ceres: they accreted late (1.5-3.5 Myr after SS formation) and come from the outer Solar System.
@drisstakir
,
@astromaterials
,
@sraymond_astro
et al.:
Using
#JWST
,
@DokkumPieter
and colleagues have found a rare perfect alignment between two galaxies in the young Universe. The farther galaxy is curved into an 'Einstein Ring', due to the bending of spacetime around the nearer galaxy:
We are happy to share with you our May 2023 issue, adorned with IXPE polarimetry observations of the Crab nebula and pulsar (courtesy of Bucciantini et al.):
Saturn's rings as a seismograph to look at the planet's interior: latest results reveal that Saturn's core, like Jupiter's, is dilute. It is also convectively stable and contains 17 Earth masses of ice and rock. Mankovich (
@chkvch
) & Fuller:
The planetary architecture of the Solar System can be successfully reproduced in a 'rings and gaps' model of the proto-Solar disk, resembling the forming planetary systems seen around other stars.
@izidoro_astro
et al.:
รkos Bogdรกn & colleagues have discovered a distant black hole with a mass similar to that of its host galaxy. The large mass at a young age, plus the amount of X-rays it produces, suggest that the black hole formed from the collapse of a huge cloud of gas.
JWST images of planetary nebula NGC3132 show that it hosts at least four stars rather than two! A dusty central disk hides a close binary interaction while there is evidence for two more stars within the nebula.
@OrsolaDemarco1
et al.:
Using a sample of 1,300+ Classical Cepheids, Chen et al. have probed the extent and the warp of the Galaxy's stellar disk, finding that it follows Brigg's Law for spiral galaxies.
A 2 kg rocky meteoroid observed in February 2021 is shown to be coming directly from the Oort cloud, indicative of a high ice/rock ratio there (1-20%) and supportive of a massive proto-asteroid belt scenario. Vida (
@meteordoc
) et al.:
Space interferometry reveals the filamentary internal structure of the relativistic jet in 3C279 at microarcsecond angular resolution. This image challenges previous assumptions on the morphology and radio variability of blazars. Fuentes, Gรณmez et al.:
It's important to note that while the effective size of the dog can be arbitrarily large, it's not any more of a good dog than the two original dogs, Brent.
A large magnetic field created by a solar-like dynamo is responsible for driving the relativistic outflows and short gamma-ray bursts associated with a binary neutron star merger. Kiuchi et al.:
Our December issue is now available to read! The cover image features the
@GreenBankObserv
and is connected to the Snelders et al. paper within the issue.
.
@NASAJuno
has measured the O/H ratio at Jupiter: 1.1-5.1 times the Solar value. This value, obtained at the equator, implies that the planetesimals that formed Jupiter were unlikely to have been water-rich. Li et al.:
A Bayesian-based analysis of 190 cosmologically distant quasars, photometrically observed over two decades, has revealed the long-expected presence of cosmic time dilation due to the expansion of space imprinted on their variability. Lewis & Brewer:
You can do seismology with a single station & get meaningful results for planetary interiors (example here is Mars). This technique is useful in planetary science where deployment of a full network is unaffordable.
@SWang_like_cats
&
@hrvojetkalcic
:
An information-theory-inspired analysis of Cassini mass spec data reveals the presence of HCN and partially oxidized organics within the plume of Enceladus. Ongoing redox chemistry may suggest a habitable environment suitable for life.
@JonahSPeter
et al.:
Our August issue is now here for you to read:
The cover image is connected to the Voyager 1 paper in the issue (Ocker et al.), and was created by Jack Madden.
New results from the IXPE satellite present the X-ray polarisation of the Crab nebula and pulsar. Significant polarisation is found only in the core of the main peak. A global toroidal magnetic field is revealed in the nebula. Bucciantini et al.:
Alรฉon et al. have measured the hydrogen isotope composition of the early Solar System from CAIs in primitive meteorites, finding that D/H in the Earth's and Mars' mantle was set by interstellar material rather than disk processing:
After three long weeks of January, the first issue of 2024 is finally here! The artistic cover image is courtesy of
@jtuttlekeane
and relates to the Astrobiology Focus within the issue:
Our January issue currently seems to be a little delayed, but it should appear here at some point:
The fab cover image once again features Cen A, and comes courtesy of
@Benjy_man
and colleagues:
Our October issue is now available to read: ! The cover image comes from the MacLeod & Loeb paper in the issue, which explains how huge waves can form on a star's surface through the tidal effects of a companion.
An Einstein ring ~10,000x as bright as the Milky Way in the infrared is studied in detail with ERIS and ALMA, finding that it is a rare starburst showing a fast-rotating disk instead of a more usual one that is triggered by a major merger. Liu et al.:
A planetary body --a km-sized planetesimal or a rocky super-Earth-- flew by too close to its star and was deformed and torn apart by tidal forces. One of its fragments was then ejected and became famous as 'Oumuamua. Zhang & Lin: or
Outstanding images from VLT/SPHERE of the third-largest asteroid Pallas show a highly cratered world (because of its orbit, say the authors), a density between Ceres and Vesta and an intriguing bright spot... Marsset et al.:
Our July issue is now available to read! The cover image shows our nearest star at extreme UV wavelengths, and is connected to the paper of Astrid Veronig et al.
The winner of
#NAstroCoverComp
2022 isโฆ the wonderful image of Centaurus A from
@Benjy_man
et al.! Another winning image of Cen A, to add to the 2021 winner; this time with
@mwatelescope
. Congratulations to everyone involved!๐
(Read the paper here: )
A gravitationally lensed gamma-ray burst has been detected, with the inferred lens mass indicating that the lens is an intermediate-mass black hole. James Paynter, Rachel Webster & Eric Thrane:
Our final issue of 2022 (and volume 6 of Nature Astronomy) is now here! The cover image is provided by JWST and the efforts of Orsola De Marco and team:
Our August issue is here! The cover image is a beautiful creation by Dawei Li (Xiamen University), connected to the Fang et al. paper on MHD winds in the issue.
With JWST, the molecules seen in planetary atmospheres can be traced back to their cold origins in ices formed in dense interstellar clouds, prior to the onset of star formation. Chemical diversity and complexity are achieved early! McClure et al.:
Extremely low-mass stars, unlike the Sun, lack radiative cores. This could affect their magnetic dynamos.
@LucyYuxi
et al. reveal they can have 30% stronger magnetic fields than Sun-like stars, implying fundamental differences in their magnetic structures.
Just in time for the weekend, our September issue is here! The table of contents has that Friday feeling, but should appear in due course here: and the cover graphic is related to the Shao, Xu et al. paper in the issue:
The detection of methanol in a warm protoplanetary disk is a sign that complex organics can be inherited intact from the interstellar medium & transported to planet-forming regions. Work from
@alice_centauri
@cwalshastrochem
@johnilee
++ using
@almaobs
:
Observations of the powerful solar flare of 10 September 2017 show that the relativistic electrons are confined and/or accelerated at the bottom of the current sheet, not at the reconnection X point. Chen et al.:
The observation by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane shows the Milky Way is a neutrino desert, most likely because it has not hosted an active source for the past few tens of kiloyears. Fang et al.:
Solar-like differential rotation reproduced in high-res simulations reveals the impact of a small-scale dynamo on thermal convection and the Solar cycle. Hotta & Kusano:
Unexpected forms of titanium minerals are found on the rim of a micrometeorite impact crater on a glass bead returned by Changโe-5. This finding provides clues to how space weathering can change the properties of the lunar regolith. Zeng et al.:
With the first JWST high-redshift observations came excitement beyond measure. With NIRSpec that excitement became measurable, with the highest confirmed z ~ 13.2 galaxy reaching back to an infant Universe at 2% of its current age. Read it for free:
JWST detects surprisingly abundant hydrocarbons (including benzene) in a very low-mass starโs disk, likely due to the destruction of carbon grains. The resulting high gaseous C/O ratio may have a profound impact on growing exoplanets. Tabone et al.:
ฮ multiply imaged, likely Type Ia, supernova is predicted to have a new image appear in the year 2037, making it a useful cosmological probe. Rodney, Brammer et al.:
Time for a paradigm shift: low-mass stars somehow produce lithium between the red giant and red clump phases, and all RC stars are lithium-enhanced. A surprise for stellar modellers! Kumar et al.:
Our March issue is now available at: !
The cover image comes from the paper of Jani et al. and depicts the gravitational waveform from a general relativistic simulation of a binary black hole system.
Molten iron-rich material can erupt to the surface of asteroids while they are cooling from the outside in: "ferrovolcanism".
#Ferrovolcanism
could have produced pallasite meteorites and substantially altered Psyche's surface. Johnson et al.:
#epscdps2019
Two
@NASAWebb
transits of Earth-sized (0.99 ยฑ 0.05 Rโ) warm exoplanet LHS 475 b demonstrate that JWST is sensitive to molecular features smaller than 50 ppm --- very promising for atmospheric characterisation! Lustig-Yaeger, Fu et al.:
A first look at the
@haya2e_jaxa
samples brought back from
#Ryugu
(2/2): the MicrOmega hyperspectral microscope finds widespread hydrated material and organics, but compositional dishomogeneities start appearing at the sub-mm scale... Pilorget et al.:
Neutral oxygen detected in the atmosphere of the ultrahot exoplanet KELT-9 b, thanks to the high resolution of
@CARMENES_exopl
, shows the presence of non-LTE processes. Borsa (
@france51_
) et al.
Evidence of thrust-fault activity on the icy dwarf planet Ceres suggests the possibility of large-scale contraction during its history. Such geological features are normally associated with larger silicate bodies such as Mercury or Mars. Ruiz et al.:
Low-frequency radio emission from a quiescent red dwarf star cannot come from the star itself, but resemblance to planetary auroral emissions suggests the presence of a close-in exoplanet, say Vedantham et al.:
The TOI-1338 binary star (a.k.a. BEBOP-1) joins the few known to host a circumbinary multiplanetary system, with the radial velocity detection of a 65 Earth mass small giant that joins the already known smaller planet.
@standingMatthew
et al.:
Strong X-ray emission from (~50) radio jets is consistent with synchrotron emission by a secondary population of electrons boosted to TeV energies within a small volume of the (SMBH) jet.
@Dr_Eileen_Meyer
et al.:
.
@ShanghuoLi
and colleagues have observed a group of gravitationally bound quintuple, quadruple, triple and binary protostellar systems simultaneously forming in the early stage in a high-mass protocluster.
What weighs 2.14 solar masses and smells of neutrons? You got it... the most massive neutron star ever, millisecond pulsar J0740+6620. Good work
@HannahThankful
and colleagues (including the
@NANOGrav
team). or
SPECULOOS-3 b is an Earth-sized planet orbiting an ultracool red dwarf in 17 hours. Similar to TRAPPIST-1 b in properties but different in architecture, it hints at a different evolution history and can be easily characterised by JWST. Gillon et al.:
.
@chandraxray
observations of active star HR 9024 show plasma motions indicative of a flare-induced coronal mass ejection, the first exo-CME seen. Characteristics are different to solar CMEs. Argiroffi et al.:
BREAKING NEWS:
The 2019
#NobelPrize
in Physics has been awarded with one half to James Peebles โfor theoretical discoveries in physical cosmologyโ and the other half jointly to Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz โfor the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star.โ
A sensitive
@LOFAR
survey of M dwarfs has resulted in multiple detections of coherent low-frequency radio emission, potentially connected to auroral emission generated by orbiting planets.
@astroJoeC
et al.:
Our January issue is now available, breaking ground on Volume 5 of Nature Astronomy. The cover image this month depicts the surface of Ryugu, and comes from the paper of Tatsumi et al.:
ฮฒ pic b is not alone anymore! 15 years of radial velocity measurements reveal evidence of ฮฒ pic c, another massive gas giant (~9 M_Jup) orbiting at 2.4 au, close to the snow line of the star. Lagrange et al.:
#ExSS4
Our October issue is now available to read. The cover shows
@ehtelescope
observations of Cen A, and is linked to the Janssen et al. paper in the issue: