My latest for
@ForeignAffairs
on
#Iran
’s new naval ambitions:
I argue that over the past four years, Tehran has been working on a Maritime Forward Defense strategy, in line with its traditional “forward defense” doctrine ⬇️
What if
#Raisi
is confirmed dead?
A few thoughts:
Under Article 131 of
#Iran
's Constitution, First VP Mohammad Mokhber will temporarily assume Raisi's duties with the Supreme Leader's approval. A council must organize a new presidential election within 50 days/1
دوستان «فارس» متاسفانه کمکاری میکنند؛ به تصرف خیابانهای «اروپا» توسط زامبیها اشاره نکردهاند! همین خود بنده هر روز افراد بسیاری را ملاقات میکنم که خواستار مهاجرت به ایران، روسیه و چین هستند. اینها مواردی است که میبایست درباره آنها اطلاعرسانی و شفافسازی شود…
#Israel
targeted the Iranian consulate in Damascus, marking a significant escalation in tensions. The attack resulted in the death of Brig. Gen.Mohammad Reza Zahedi, a senior commander of the Quds Force, and his deputy.
Some initial thoughts:
کاش یک نفر به ایشان یاد میداد تعارف در زبان دیپلماتیک جایی ندارد! عین این عبارت «در خدمت شما هستیم» را روسها ترجمه کردهاند (Я к Вашим услугам) و در گزارش رسمی سایت ریاستجمهوری #روسیه هم قرار گرفته است! 👇
A few points on
#Isfahan
attack
As customary with security incidents in
#Iran
, reliable information about the exact nature of the attack & its damages cannot be obtained from official Iranian media. However, the extent of the attack seems to be less than initially speculated/1
Delighted to announce that I signed a contract with
@politybooks
to write a book on the "Axis of Resistance."
The book will detail how the Axis, initially a proxy network, has transformed into a significant regional bloc & its implications for
#Iran
& the region.
Stay tuned!
#Iran
and
#Russia
agreed to use national currencies for settlement of trade and energy payments. They signed MoUs on joint projects in the upstream and downstream of their oil and gas sectors.
بر فرض که راست میگویید - که نمیگویید - و #مهسا_امینی سکته کرده است؛ چرا باید نیروی به اصطلاح «انتظامی» شما چنان وحشتی در دل یک شهروند بیگناه ایجاد کند که کارش به سکته بکشد؟! عذر بدتر از گناه میآورید؟!
“The United States agrees with British and French assessments that
#Iran
supplying drones to
#Russia
would violate a UN Security Council resolution that endorsed the 2015 nuclear deal between Iran and six powers“
Overall, the implications of Raisi's death would not be fundamental or a decisive blow to the system. It will impact intra-hardliner competition but not the strategic direction of the Islamic Republic in foreign or domestic politics/END
Is it necessary to involve
#Iran
in every single American dispute? It‘s a shortcoming of your own…it‘s among yourselves…face it!
And yes, there‘s a lot of problems in Iran that we the Iranians know much better than you, but you‘re not helping solve them this way!
A 10-year-old girl is raped. The State forces her to remain pregnant and tells her to consider it an “opportunity.”
This isn’t Iran. This isn’t Gilead. This isn’t hypothetical.
This happened today in Ohio.
Tonight is the official end of "shadow war" between
#Iran
&
#Israel
. There's nothing "shadowy" or any "grey zone" left between the two sides. The only question now is how far this new stage of confrontation will go...
#Iran
will increase natural gas supplies to
#Armenia
under a memorandum of understanding signed at the 17th joint session of the Armenian-Iranian intergovernmental commission in Yerevan on Wednesday
I’m starting an exciting cooperation with
@Clingendaelorg
as a Research Associate.
Many thanks to
@ErwinVeen
for this opportunity and very much looking forward to joint projects/publications with the great team of experts working on the Middle East 🙂
#Iran
‘s MoD says the blast was caused by an“unsuccessful“ drone attack. There‘s quite a few interesting points here:
1- In similar incidents, IR would often start with denying any attack, mentioning“technical issues“, etc. This time they confirm right away…
“In Tehran they are thinking there might be a war in a few weeks if they respond, or there will definitely be a war in a year if they don’t respond.”
#Iran
#Israel
Told
@theipaper
that from Tehran's perspective, the risk of further escalation is preferable to a scenario where after a few months,
#Israel
would feel emboldened to target infrastructures within
#Iran
, which would absolutely result in a war ⬇️
It would be a miscalculation to think that
#IranProtests2022
have made “unification“ with Azerbaijan any more attractive for
#Iran
‘s Azeris. Iranian Azeris, like others in the country, struggle for freedom, not to replace an authoritarian rule with another
Thrilled to see that my latest peer-reviewed article is published online in Small Wars & Insurgencies 👇
Integration of
#Iran
-backed armed groups into the Iraqi and Syrian armed forces: implications for stability in
#Iraq
and
#Syria
This is significant for two reasons:
1- First time a sitting offical (not a former offical or expert) speaks of potential change in nuclear doctrine.
2- It comes from an IRGC, i.e. military official.
Commander of Iran's nuclear sites' security service says if Israel plans to use the threat of striking Iran's nuclear site, Iran might re-evaluate its nuclear doctrine and cross the red lines announced.
This is, again, a hardliners' push to go full-nuke.
In this piece for
@MiddleEastInst
I explain how
#Turkey
‘s plan for a new military operation in
#Syria
is seen in
#Iran
and why it may lead to a colflict between Tehran and Ankara
In this issue brief for
@ME_Council
I discuss how
#Iran
's "Look East" strategy has evolved under three presidents, Ahmadinejad, Rouhani, and now Raisi.
Key takeaways in the thread below ⬇️
Domestic implications aside, Iran's foreign policy will likely remain consistent. Strategic decisions are set by the Supreme Leader and the IRGC, not the president. Expect continued rigidity in US relations and regional policies/7
1- This attack is viewed by some in Iran as a declaration of war by
#Israel
against
#Iran
. It represents a shift from previous engagements, directly hitting Iranian soil represented by its consulate in Syria - as opposed to targeting IRGC officers in Syrian sites.
Considering potential longterm implications for
#Iran
‘s deterrence & security, striking
#Pakistan
was probably one of the biggest strategic mistakes in the history of the Islamic Republic ⬇️
3- Some sources claim the attack was a response to an assault on an Israeli ship last night at the port of Eilat, attributed to Iraqi militias. This suggests another new rule of engagement by Israel: direct retaliation against Iran for any attacks by its proxies.
"that's their culture" - host of BBC's
#WorldcupQatar2022
prompts Klinsmann, star of the melodramatic in his time, to accuse Iran of using sinister oriental ways in beating Wales
they even go after the Guatemalan referee
NB: how many teams does the UK have again?
Thread 🧵
The way I see it, if
#Iran
and its allies decide to escalate, it will come from the
#Syria
front, not
#Lebanon
, although Hezbollah will still be a key player in any case ⬇️
IRGC Quds Force commander Esmail Qaani is reportedly in
#Syria
& has put
#Iran
-backed militias on full alert. 3 days ago he met with Iraqi militia commanders as well to coordinate potential troop deployment against
#Israel
👇
#Iran
is preparing to send approximately 1,000 additional weapons, including surface-to-surface short range ballistic missiles and more attack drones, to
#Russia
to use in its war against
#Ukraine
, officials from a western country told CNN.
Mokhber's ties to the IRGC's core leadership will guarantee that the IRGC's role in
#Iran
's administration will remain intact and even intensify. His interim presidency may pave the way for even more overt IRGC control over administrative policies/2
Raisi’s death intensifies internal power struggles. Already, factions within the hardline camp were competing for the Speaker of Parliament role. Now, this rivalry will extend to the presidency, with different factions vying for dominance/3
امروز مطلع شدم ترجمه کتاب «روسیه در برابر دیگران» بالاخره منتشر شده است. کار ترجمه کتاب حدود ۴ سال پیش، زمانی که هنوز ایران بودم به پایان رسید اما انتشارش به دلایل مختلف به تعویق افتاد.
مطالعه کتاب میتواند برای فهم بهتر ریشههای تقابل روسیه و غرب بسیار مفید باشد.
My latest for
@WarOnTheRocks
:
How Iran and Its Allies Hope to Save
#Hamas
I explore the responses by
#Iran
and its allies in the “axis of resistance” to the war in
#Gaza
& explain the division of labor within the axis ⬇️
The new presidential election will come amid historic low public participation. Only 8% of eligible voters participated in recent Tehran parliamentary elections. Mobilizing voters within 50 days poses a significant challenge/4
Let‘s elaborate a bit:
🔹
#Iran
conducts strikes in
#Pakistan
to deter a terror group that killed 11 IR soldiers
🔹The terror group, apparently not deterred, strikes back, this time killing a colonel.
🔹Pakistan, irritated by the breach of its soveregnty, also strikes back.
Considering potential longterm implications for
#Iran
‘s deterrence & security, striking
#Pakistan
was probably one of the biggest strategic mistakes in the history of the Islamic Republic ⬇️
I had the pleasure to contribute to this joint
@SWPBerlin
/
@FESonline
publication on scenarios for
#Syria
in the 2030 perspective. My chapter deals with the future of
#Iran
‘s role in Syria
Link here 👇
My observation is that there‘s not so many foreign policy-specific issues in
#IranProtests2022
. Almost none of popular slogans has anything to do with foreihn policy demands. This is another difference compared with big protest movements in the past ⬇️
In this
@ForeignAffairs
piece,
@HannaNotte
and I explain how the wars in Ukraine & Gaza have helped
#Russia
consolidate its ties with the
#Iran
-backed “Axis of Resistance.” We also discuss how RU might react to an expanded war between the axis &
#Israel
⬇️
Although debates about Raisi being a potential candidate for the next Supreme Leader were highly exaggerated, his position as president would have given him and the faction of hardliners he represents strong influence over the succession process once Khamenei dies/6
خاطرم هست بعد #برجام حسین شریعتمداری و رفقا استدلال میکردند #ایران نباید با صدور گاز به اروپا #روسیه را آزردهخاطر سازد (قریب به مضمون). تجربه الجزایر مثال خوبی است از اینکه منافع ملی چگونه بر روابط با ابرقدرتها - و البته به موازات آن - ارجحیت دارد…
سوناتراک(شرکت نفت و گاز الجزائر) اعلام کرد در صورت قطع صادرات گاز روسیه آماده است زیرساخت افزایش صادرات به کشورهای اروپایی را در سریعترین زمان ممکن فراهم کند
الجزائر از نزدیکترین کشورهای عربی به روسیه
خریدار بزرگ تسلیحات روسی
و دومین شریک تجاری مسکو در جهان عرب پس از مصر است/۱
این از آن دست مصاحبههایی است که حتی دههها بعد در کتابهای تاریخ روابط خارجی #ایران به عنوان یک منبع دست اول به آن استناد خواهد شد. احسنت به تیم سیاست خارجی اعتماد!
🧵لوان جاگاريان در گفتوگو با
@EtemadDaily
:
@zzgraph
@MrMim24
❌ما از هیچکس نمیترسیم،قدرتهستهای هستیم.
❌تا به هدف خود نرسیم، به عملیات نظامی ادامه میدهیم.
❌پوتين واضح توضيح داد كه اوكراين يك كشور ساختگي بود.اين آقاي لنين بود كه اوكراين را درست كرد/1
To boost turnout, the regime might consider allowing moderate figures like Rouhani or Larijani to run. However, with Supreme Leader succession looming, this seems unlikely. Expect a tightly controlled election instead/5
5- Iran faces a critical decision in responding. A failure to react could significantly diminish its standing among the resistance axis and expose its forces and commanders to further attacks. However, any response risks broadening the conflict.
We are delighted to welcome Hamidreza Azizi as nonresident fellow at
#MECouncil
.
@HamidRezaAz
is an expert in security and geopolitical issues in the
#MiddleEast
& Central Eurasia, as well as
#Iran
's foreign & security policy, and Iran
#Russia
relations.
2- In fact, the rules of engagement btwn IR and Israel has been changing. In earlier stages, Israel would refrain from targeting IRGC officers - only proxies & arms shipments. Since the Gaza war, a shift was already there to target high ranking Iranian commanders
7- Obviously, this time Iran cannot target Erbil, etc, and claim that it has taken the revenge. To save its credibility, Iran feels the need for a direct response. But how and where it would be, is the main question!
Was just thinking that for the second time in three months,
#Iran
has attacked the territory of a nuclear-armed state! Crazy times to be an International Relations expert, for sure...
In this
@ForeignPolicy
piece,
@AliVaez
& I discuss how the recent escalation between
#Iran
and
#Israel
impacts IR’s strategic thinking.
Tehran believes that a regional reordering is underway. The death of
#Raisi
& his foreign minister won’t change that.
6- Iran would partly justify the lack of response to prior attacks to the fact that the targets were "Syrian" & Damascus had no intention to respond. Now, the justification doesn't work, as a purely Iranian target has been hit.
A bitter joke being circulated in Persian-language social media:
For over four dacades, dozens of countries tried to medite between
#Iran
& the
#US
. Now, it‘s the US trying to mediate between IR &
#Israel
!
Die Illustratorin meines Buchs “Iran - die Freiheit ist weiblich” lebt in Iran. Sie hat in diesen Tagen dargestellt, wie Frauen im Lauf der Jahre gegen die Zwangsverschleierung gekämpft haben. Ihre Zeichnung fand sich Stunden später auf einer Wand in Schiraz wieder.
#Mahsa_Amini
4- The strike on the consulate and the killing of high-ranking officials like Zahedi is also seen as a message to both Iran and Assad's regime in
#Syria
: Israel's capability and willingness to escalate its response to the presence of Iranian forces in Syria.
Told
@theipaper
that from Tehran's perspective, the risk of further escalation is preferable to a scenario where after a few months,
#Israel
would feel emboldened to target infrastructures within
#Iran
, which would absolutely result in a war ⬇️
My latest peer-reviewed article, co-authored with Dr. Amir Hossein Vazirian is now published in Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies⬇️
The Role of Armed Non-State Actors in
#Iran
’s
#Syria
Strategy: A Case Study of Fatemiyoun and Zainabiyoun Brigades
My analysis for
@ME_Council
on how Masoud
#Pezeshkian
managed to win
#Iran
‘s presidential election and what it means for the country‘s internal political dynamics and foreign policy 👇
یک نفر عزیزان «ارزشی» را توجیه کند آن کشور مسلمان شمال آفریقا که دوست جمهوری اسلامی است، الجزایر است. این مراکش که سنگش را به سینه میزنید از سال ۹۷ روابطش را با ایران قطع کرده و از قضا روابط خوبی هم با اسرائیل برقرار کرده است. صرفا جهت اطلاع!
So,
#Iran
finally acknowledges providing
#Russia
with drones, but still claims that those were only “a few“ and it happened “months before“ the war in
#Ukraine
.
From “no drone at all“ to “no drone to be used in Ukraine“ & now this. I‘m wondeing what‘s next!
📽امیرعبداللهیان:
این هیاهویی که برخی از کشورهای غربی به راه انداختند که ایران برای کمک به جنگ اوکراین موشک و پهپاد در اختیار روسیه قرار داده؛
🔻بخش موشکش کاملا غلط است.
🔻بخش پهپادش درست است و ما مقدار معدودی پهپاد، ماهها قبل از جنگ اوکراین در اختیار روسیه قرار دادیم.
#Iran
recently established a drone factory in
#Tajikistan
. If the Tajiks start using them against
#Kyrgyzstan
, it would be the second front after
#Ukraine
where Iranian & Turkish drones are used by opposing parties
Iranian Arab singer Mina Deris supports
#IranProtests
by removing her hijab and singing a famous song by Tunisian singer Lotfi Bouchnak called“Ana Mowaten,“ i.e. I‘m a citizen…
In my latest for
@amwajmedia
I explain how
#Russia
‘s new naval doctrine may impact its relations with
#Iran
, focusing on three main theatres:
#Syria
, the Caspian Sea, and the Persian Gulf
Highlights from Khamenei's meeting with military commanders:
“The focus on number of missiles fired or those that hit the target… is a secondary and minor issue. The main issue is the emergence of the power and will of the Iranian nation & its armed forces on global stage.”/1
Initial takes on the
#IRGC
strikes 👇
After the assassination of Rezi Mousavi in
#Syria
& terrorist attack in Kerman, pressure was mounting on IR to respond, including from within the regime's supporters. Tonight’s dual attacks are claimed to be responses to both incidents ⬇️
Iraqi FM says
#SaudiArabia
&
#Iran
reached a 10-point MoU during the latest meeting held in Baghdad. “It was agreed to hold the next round of dialogue at the diplomatic level... The Saudi-Iranian dialogue discussed the continuation of ceasefire in
#Yemen
“
از عجایب سیاست در #ایران یکی هم این است که همان گروهی که هفت سال پیش با حمله به سفارت #عربستان_سعودی زمینه قطع روابط را فراهم کردند حالا و بعد از تحمیل این همه هزینه، توافق ازسرگیری روابط را شاهکار دیپلماتیک دولت همفکر خود معرفی میکنند!
"
#Iran
is a neighbor forever, we cannot get rid of them and they cannot get rid of us," says MBS. He also says Saudi Arabia intends to continue "detailed talks" with Iran in order to reach a satisfactory agreement for both.
This is significant!
Such positions, alongside
#Russia
‘s &
#China
‘s support for
#Iran
at UNSC strengthens the belief among IR leaders that their “Look East“ strategy is successful!
#Russia
’s President Putin: “What happened on the part of
#Iran
in response to this criminal act [by
#Israel
] and in the shadow of the inaction of the UN Security Council, was the best way to punish the aggressor and a manifestation of the tact and rationality of Iran's leaders.”
In this
@WarOnTheRocks
piece,
@NancyEzzeddine
and I explore the evolution of
#Iran
's "axis of resistance" since the assassination of Qassem Soleimani, taking into account recent developments in Iraq, Lebanon, Yemen & Syria
رسانههای حکومتی که در رثای شیرین ابوعاقله فلسطینی گلو پاره میکردند حالا نظرشان درباره قتل #شیرین_علیزاده ایرانی چیست؟ به خدا که نه در قیل و قالتان صداقت دارید و نه در سکوتتان!
IRGC-affiliated Fars News cites Iraqi Sabereen News claiming that the targets in tonight‘s missile strike in
#Erbil
were“two advanved training centers belonging to
#Israel
’s Mossad“…
In our new
@SWPBerlin
publication, Daria Isachenko and I discuss how the changing geopolitics of the South Caucasus impacts the relationship between
#Iran
and
#Turkey
as well as potential implications for the region and the EU ⬇️
It appears the attack was carried out using several drones, not missiles. But this is not necessarily good news for Iran. The use of drones suggests that the attack was likely launched from within
#Iran
or from the territory of a neighboring country/2
I don‘t see the incident as a deliberate escalation by
#Iran
. No sign to conclude that Tehran is less risk aversive (of war with US) than before. It‘s probably either a grave miscalculation or a retaliatory move by some
#Iraqi
militias recently targeted by the US ⬇️
bad news. there have been over 150 attacks on US forces in Iraq and Syria by Iranian backed militias since the start of the Gaza war but so far no deaths (though injuries). US retaliation likely.
From Katai‘b Hezbollah‘s statement:
“Our brothers In the axis [of resistance] especially in the Islamic Republic do not know how we do Jihad, and they often object to the pressure & escalation against the American occupation forces“
It clearly indicates pressure from
#Iran
In our latest peer-reviewed article, published in
@Medit_Politics
,
@Divsallar
and I study the evolution of
#Iran
’s approach toward security assistance (SA) since the 1979 Islamic revolution.
DM us for free author copies, if you’re interested ⬇️
The venue was important in terms of public/international messaging. It was his first reaction to
#IranProrests2022
& he chose it to be among the armed forces. It‘s a clear message of IR‘s readiness for escalation ⬇️
A few points on the list of candidates in
#Iran
’s election 👇
🔹The list of candidates approved by the Guardian Council suggests that, as expected, the Islamic Republic doesn’t want to take even the slightest risk in the election that could potentially challenge the unified
A former IR ambassador to Moscow, Nematollah Izadi, says it appeared there had been no proper cooperation between the military and diplomatic wings of the
#Iran
|ian state [on delivering drones to
#Russia
], possibly leaving the foreign ministry in the dark
Iran signed a contract of $40b, the largest investment ever in Iran's oil & gas.
Its doubtful if Russia can invest such money. But, Moscow gains control of Iranian resources, can delay return of Iran's oil to the market, & use it as part of energy war against the West.
چون این موضوع امروز از جانب بیش از یک نفر مطرح شد لازم میدانم توضیح بدهم:
من تحلیلگر هستم، نه فعال سیاسی. در مقام تحلیلگر وظیفه خودم میدانم رویکردهای ایدئولوژیک را وارد تحلیلم نکنم و «واقعیات» را تحلیل کنم. اینکه نتیجه کار مطلوب این طرف یا آن طرف باشد برایم هیچ اهمیتی ندارد ⬇️
Today was the last day of my
@AvHStiftung
fellowship at
@SWP_MEA
. Although
#COVID19
& I arrived around the same time in Germany and we all had to do
home office for some time, it was an extremely fruitful 27 months.
Thank you
@AvHStiftung
for this life-changing opportunity! ⬇️
IRGC Quds Force commander Esmail Qaani is reportedly in
#Syria
& has put
#Iran
-backed militias on full alert. 3 days ago he met with Iraqi militia commanders as well to coordinate potential troop deployment against
#Israel
👇
سردار اسماعیل قاآنی فرمانده نیروی قدس در سوریه است و به همه گروه های مقاومت آماده باش کامل داده است.سه روز پیش نیز با فرماندهان چند گروه عراقی دیدار و درراستای گسیل نیروها هماهنگی صورت گرفت.
اتاق عملیات مشترک در حال حاضر در سوریه در حال رصد تحرکات و آماده فرمان برای اقدام است.
In my latest for
@amwajmedia
I explore the reasons why
#Iran
, unlike
#Russia
& some ME states, does not form or employ PMCs.
I point to both strategic rationales & practical reasons for this ⬇️
Azerbaijan‘s president Aliyev was among the first to congratulate
#Pezeshkian
‘s victory, inviting him to Baku.
Pezeshkian is an ethnic Azeri and a long-time representative of Tabriz in
#Iran
‘s parliament.
Interesting to see if this can play a role in bilateral relations.