Arnav @0xArnav Twitter profile | Pikagi

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Arnav

@0xArnav

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HashKey Capital | All things infra

Los Angeles

https://t.co/SY6ezUBQLJ

Joined November 2022

Don't wanna be here? Send us removal request.

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@0xArnav

Arnav

4 months

Crypto’s Killer Use Case - Tik Tok is to Media as Crypto is to Money - In-wallet FYP + prediction markets - The "flippening" of Web2 to Web3 - Instagram on crypto rails? - Realistically "onboarding the next B"

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Crypto’s Killer Use Case

Imagine: You’re scrolling on Instagram and see a post from your favorite influencer wearing a hoodie from an up-and-coming brand. You love the design and tap the photo to see the price. Another click...

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@0xArnav

Arnav

5 months

Berachain: Memetic Playground or DeFi Utopia? Will Berachain get rekt by impermanent loss? Is the community worth anything? Is the tech actually anything novel?… As a former Bera naysayer, I wanted to share some thoughts on what changed my mind:

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Berachain: Memetic Playground or DeFi Utopia?

A team that wears comically large bear masks to crypto conferences, raised seed capital at a $420.69M valuation; All to build yet another L1, but this time around weed smoking bears. Yeah… I comple...

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@0xArnav

Arnav

10 months

1/ An Honest Overview of Onchain FHE: While I believe FHE will change the fabric of all compute, I wanted to shed some light on the challenges of building a *complete FHE system.

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

1/ The videos are up from “Beyond the Block" MEV research day with @titanbuilderxyz . The line-up of speakers were incredible, introducing many new ideas and concepts. Here is a recap thread

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From Solver Market to the Builders' Subsidy War by Angela Lu &...

Titan and HashKey Capital are hosted an MEV Research day, focused on bringing together leading operators and researchers along the transaction supply chain,...

www.youtube.com

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

1/ 🪄SC Wallets: Redefining Web3 UX 🪄 This is the (in)complete guide to: - What is an EOA, SC Wallet & ERC-4337 - Why EOAs threaten the future of blockchain - What is Account Abstraction? - Tying it together: SC Wallet, ERC-4337 & AA - AA on Layer 2s

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@0xArnav

Arnav

10 months

9/ Special thanks to @FhenixIO , @SunscreenTech , @zama_fhe , @cysic_xyz and @BananaHQio for their incredible insights that contributed to the thread/article In addition, thanks to the awesome community @fhe_org

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@0xArnav

Arnav

4 months

Reminder that Tron has over $57B worth of stablecoins, predominately held by people in emerging markets The chain sucks: high txn fees, centralized af (27 validators), terrible UX, limited DeFi etc. How is there not a single L1 or L2 mission-driven to compete for this market??

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@0xArnav

Arnav

10 months

5/ The use of ZKPs leans into an interesting topic around where to build an FHE application: Either an FHE powered L1, FHE Rollup or use an FHE coprocessor. @Maddiaa0 and @Janmajaya_mall 's private auction and SherLOCKED by @NitanshuL are recent implementations of a coprocessor

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

10/ “L1 Preconfirmations” by @MuratLite explores a new fulfillment consortium model to achieve preconfs without validator participation. MEV-commit is a network to play “fast games” and do real-time bidding and commitments for preconfs

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L1 Preconfirmations by Murat Akdeniz

Titan and HashKey Capital are hosted an MEV Research day, focused on bringing together leading operators and researchers along the transaction supply chain,...

www.youtube.com

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@0xArnav

Arnav

10 months

10/ If you’d like to further explore the nuances of onchain FHE, feel free to check out an article co-written by @hu_zhiwei and I covering more topics such as Programmable Bootstrapping, FHE DA Layer etc. We welcome all feedback & collaboration :)

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@0xArnav

Arnav

4 months

Special thanks to @anildelphi , @DougieDeLuca , @divine_economy & @seanmc_eth , @idriveactions and @jkey_eth for their contributions + review!

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@0xArnav

Arnav

5 months

@awasunyin Now tech is mature enuff, I’m certain we’ll see a rise in VC backed, verticalized payment solutions Publisher-exchanges in Web2 and Web3 will lead the demand for robust payment rails, it’s up to us to build them

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

2/ “From Solver Markets to Builder Subsidy War” by @sui414 & @0xangelfish explores the emergence of specialized markets for integrated liquidity and routing, and the subsequent centralization concerns. Next, Danning breaks down the 2023 builder subsidy war

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From Solver Market to the Builders' Subsidy War by Angela Lu &...

Titan and HashKey Capital are hosted an MEV Research day, focused on bringing together leading operators and researchers along the transaction supply chain,...

www.youtube.com

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

7/ “Onchain Solving” by @ThogardPvP explores smart contract-based solving. There are many benefits including reorg protection, no builder reliance, atomic composability, no reliance on simulations etc. Very underrated topic imo

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Onchain Solving by Alex Watts

Titan and HashKey Capital are hosted an MEV Research day, focused on bringing together leading operators and researchers along the transaction supply chain,...

www.youtube.com

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@0xArnav

Arnav

10 months

3/ A few improvements can be made: (1) Enable an n/2 threshold which would make it more difficult to collude (2) Run the threshold decryption protocol inside of an HSM (3) Use a TEE-based threshold decryption network Or use MPC instead to secure the private key and decrypt

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@0xArnav

Arnav

10 months

6/ Another option is FHE rollups by Fhenix. Although FHE encrypted data is complex, recently the team at Fhenix demonstrated how to achieve fraud proofs using the Arbitrum Nitro stack paired with FHE logic compilation to WebAssembly FHE rollups or coprocessors >> FHE L1s

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

5/ “Towards Competitive Preconfirmation Markets” by @ksrini_ provides an overview of preconf designs. He also covers the last look problem, cross-rollup MEV and "intra-app interop," where apps can give non-contentious preconfs based on app-specific logic

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Towards Competitive Preconfirmation Markets by Karthik Srinivasan

Titan and HashKey Capital are hosted an MEV Research day, focused on bringing together leading operators and researchers along the transaction supply chain,...

www.youtube.com

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@0xArnav

Arnav

10 months

2/ Challenge #1 : Secure Threshold Decryption Every confidential, shared state system is predicated upon an enc/dec key. As such, we are bound to trust a threshold committee. So what happens if the threshold nodes collude? They could silently decrypt any data & user inputs‼️

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

9/ “Based EigenLayer” by @0xkydo provides a simple framework for based preconfirmations. We need restaking in order to slash malicious proposers, preconfers and/or builders. Probably the best intro to preconfs I've seen

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

11/ “How Super Builders Unlock Shared Sequencer Superpowers” by @Jskybowen provides an overview of shared sequencing architecture, and the importance of “super builders” i.e the entity that is economically incentivized to support atomic interop

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How Super Builders Unlock Shared Sequencer's Superpowers by Josh Bowen

Titan and HashKey Capital are hosted an MEV Research day, focused on bringing together leading operators and researchers along the transaction supply chain,...

www.youtube.com

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@0xArnav

Arnav

10 months

4/ Challenge #2 : How do we use FHE Trustlessly? While FHE enables the processing of encrypted data, it cannot verify correctness of either user inputs or computation. Hence, we need ZKPs in order to use FHE in a trustless environment. So how do ZKPs + FHE fit together:

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

Current observations of 4844 show blob propagation latency introduces reorg risk to builders w no incentive. Esp during MEV spikes, builders will likely opt to censor blob txns. Looking forward to seeing how preconfs can offer rollups more reliable inclusion

@primev_xyz

Primev | preconf.eth

7 months

📢We uncover the role of preconfirmations in EIP-4844 in our latest research, “Censorship, Latency, and Preconfirmations in the Blob Market" surfacing the implications of the blob market shift. 🧵 [1/6]

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

8/ “The Rise of the Sophisticated Proposer” by @DrewVdW @ViktorBunin @flevestanagan @plc_hld @ernopp delves into the mind of a node operator. They share thoughts on everything from timing games, risk profiling, restaking, vertical integration, DVT etc.

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Panel: The Rise of the Sophisticated Proposer

Titan and HashKey Capital are hosted an MEV Research day, focused on bringing together leading operators and researchers along the transaction supply chain,...

www.youtube.com

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

6/ “Execution Tickets” by @mikeneuder defines the shortcomings of PBS including warping validator economics, timing games, censorship etc. Execution tickets can fix validator economics, remove rugpooling etc. Phenomenal overview of the design by Mike

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Execution Tickets by Mike Neuder

Titan and HashKey Capital are hosted an MEV Research day, focused on bringing together leading operators and researchers along the transaction supply chain,...

www.youtube.com

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@0xArnav

Arnav

10 months

7/ Challenge #3 : FHE Hardware Existing hardware is not suitable for FHE at scale. The limitation stems from the massive interaction with the memory and the overhead incurred from the complex polynomial computations and time consuming ciphertext maintenance operations

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

@MikeIppolito_ I'd argue the only person w enough practical perspective to share in depth here is @MuratLite . @primev_xyz also happens to be the *only preconf network on testnet

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

3/ “State of Privacy in the Txn Supply Chain” by @GuyZys @ravitals @maccanomics @0xbyyou discusses private mempools, private auctions, collaborative block building, etc. The panel also addresses the shortcomings of FHE and possible mitigators

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Panel: State of Privacy in the Txn Supply Chain

Titan and HashKey Capital are hosted an MEV Research day, focused on bringing together leading operators and researchers along the transaction supply chain, ...

www.youtube.com

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@0xArnav

Arnav

10 months

8/ Possible future directions to improve hardware: - Processing-in-memory to overcome "memory wall" - Hybrid software/hardware co-design approach - Networking FHE Accelerators: The shift from scale-up to scale-out And much more...

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

4/ “Structural Analysis of MEV Boost Auctions” by @MaxResnick1 formally examines the MEV Boost auction. Takeaway: When some bidders are strong relative to others, first-price sealed-bid auctions may generate higher revenue

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Structural Analysis of MEV Boost Auctions by Max Resnick

Titan and HashKey Capital are hosted an MEV Research day, focused on bringing together leading operators and researchers along the transaction supply chain, ...

www.youtube.com

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

14/ Thank you to @heymarcopolox , @mm319 , @zengjiajun_eth , @aniket_jindal08 , @parkercardwell and @odysseus0z for their invaluable insights, feedback and great discussions around the topic. Thank you to @HashKey_Capital for the support and @4337Mafia .

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

@FrankieIsLost fr. builders can j censor blobs during MEV spikes + validator timing games can "force" builders to censor bc of additional reorg risk. Fire article on the topic:

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Censorship, Latency, and Blob Preconfs in EIP-4844

Our study on EIP-4844 delves into blob transaction dynamics, rollup demands, and the role of blob preconfirmations in enhancing Ethereum's data market.

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@0xArnav

Arnav

6 months

@smyyguy @davidesilverman think post-Decun reorg freq can largely be attributed to blob propagation latency

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Censorship, Latency, and Blob Preconfs in EIP-4844

Our study on EIP-4844 delves into blob transaction dynamics, rollup demands, and the role of blob preconfirmations in enhancing Ethereum's data market.

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@0xArnav

Arnav

5 months

@jonathankingvc @sreeramkannan @eigenlayer @cbventures Absolute banger ser! Esp excited to see how EL can expand the MEV/preconf design space

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@0xArnav

Arnav

5 months

@3orovik *enter session keys

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@0xArnav

Arnav

8 months

@DroseraNetwork LFG

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

@yigityektin @titanbuilderxyz @hashkeycapital yes all talks will b recorded :)

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

5/ SC wallets were created to undertake many of the issues associated with EOAs. The inherent programmability of smart contracts makes it possible for wallets to have far more advanced features and overall UX compared to their EOA counterpart. SCW transaction lifecycle:

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@0xArnav

Arnav

5 months

@drybonez94 🫡

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

15/ Full article here:

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Smart Contract Wallets: Redefining Web3 UX

SC Wallets are a paradigm shift that will revolutionize Web3 UX by drastically simplifying transactions, providing safeguards for users and by opening the door for future innovation of novel features.

arnavpagidyala.substack.com

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@0xArnav

Arnav

4 months

@plc_hld Completely agree. Countless use cases: blob settlement, bridging preconfs, searcher preconfs etc. Think it’s the next logical evolution to combat the natural limitations of the ETH txn supply chain

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

3/ If you’ve transacted on Ethereum before, odds are you’ve used popular wallets such as MetaMask, Rainbow, imToken, etc. These EOA wallets have onboarded tens of millions of users over the years, forming the Ethereum ecosystem as we know it today. EOA transaction lifecycle:

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@0xArnav

Arnav

5 months

@Aryonchain Beautifully said

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

@joshuagunnn @titanbuilderxyz indeed ser

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

6/ Drafted in September 2021, ERC-4337 is the latest effort towards improving SCWs. ERC-4337 makes creating and using SCWs considerably easier by streamlining and consolidating the on and off-chain infra used during the process. ERC-4337 transaction lifecycle:

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@0xArnav

Arnav

4 months

@0xMert_ Any form of high freq, real-time payments Ex. Real-time interest payments on escrowed funds that update every second, payments via interactive ad network frames, new data orchestration layer that can reward contributions at a more granular level etc.

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@0xArnav

Arnav

5 months

@crainbf If you’re looking for some novel takes on restaking

@thebellcurvepod

Bell Curve

@thebellcurvepod

6 months

NEW POD: Restaking & Shared Security Lessons Learned @MikeIppolito_ , @MylesOneil , and @VelvetMilkman unpack: - Intersection of restaking and shared security - Lessons learned from Cosmos and Polkadot - LSTs vs. LRTs - Emergence of Solana L2s

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@0xArnav

Arnav

4 months

@MaanavKhaitan preconfs can provide guarantees around inclusion, not finality. Preconf networks can deal w reorgs in a number of ways- re-submit txn, preconf insurance etc. CC @MuratLite

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@0xArnav

Arnav

5 months

@zero_Jpegg thx king

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@0xArnav

Arnav

5 months

@beradrome 🐻📉

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@0xArnav

Arnav

4 months

@0xRaghav The most comprehensive piece on preconfs I’ve seen. Nice work king

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@0xArnav

Arnav

5 months

@colludingnode I’d go a step further and say FHE is useless without ZK. ZK adds a layer of privacy and verifiability needed in a trustless environment

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@0xArnav

Arnav

8 months

@crypto_malone @DroseraNetwork LFG Richard

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@0xArnav

Arnav

5 months

@lmrankhan Completely agree! Crypto payment rails enable bi-directional payment flows that can tightly couple money and attention. The net new publisher-exchange experiences we create will be the “killer app” imo

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

@josebetandcourt It’s been an honor. Absolutely stoked to see how far Ontropy has come.

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

4/ It’s important to highlight a key design choice of EOAs regarding how the account (the object holding your digital assets) and the signer (the object which grants control over your assets) are basically one and the same. This hard-coded logic in the EVM results in:

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

13/ To summarize, I hope it’s clear that EOAs are harmful to the growth of the broader crypto ecosystem. Fortunately, SCWs provide an alternative account structure that allows for the exceptional scaling of self-custody conducive to the average Web2 user.

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@0xArnav

Arnav

4 months

@KamBenbrik Yeah Tron nailed distribution in emerging markets, but is ripe for disruption.

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

11/ How do SCWs, ERC-4337 & AA relate? SCWs separate the acc and signer. (Unlike EOAs) ERC-4337 advances SCWs by making it significantly easier to create and operate an SCW. AA turns all accounts into nearly indistinguishable SCWs- Becoming a first class citizen!

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@0xArnav

Arnav

9 months

@jonathankingvc @cbventures @elusivprivacy @MinaProtocol @aztecnetwork @zCloakNetwork @SunscreenTech @RiscZero @zksync @StarkWareLtd @0xPolygon @anoma fire write-up ser

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

10/ The shift to AA eliminates EOAs and makes SCWs first class citizens. Unlike today, where dApps need to implement support for ERC-1271 to allow SCWs to transact with a given dApp. Thus, SCWs are an after thought in dApp design decisions, a major challenge for SCW providers.

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

@binji_x 4844 is def a massive reduction in DA cost. However for timely inclusion, rollups will need to pay a priority fee via preconfs, esp during MEV spikes imo

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

9/ Moving onto Account Abstraction. AA is an effort to embed SCWs into the core blockchain protocol. This merges features of both EOAs and SCWs into a single account type (SCWs) that can initiate transactions and pay gas fees along with the advanced functionalities of SCWs.

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

@portport255 @the_matter_labs @zksync Congrats Porter 🥂

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

@ellierdavidson @titanbuilderxyz Yes!

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@0xArnav

Arnav

10 months

@thejewforu @nil_foundation LFG Congrats Avi!

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@0xArnav

Arnav

9 months

@0xidanlevin Awesome write-up! I’m also curious to see how LSMs play out combined w LRTs

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

@tracecrypto1 @standardcrypto LFG congrats Nick!

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

@ezwillstarr @FUN Congrats Will. Excited to watch you build. LFG!

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

@josebetandcourt @ontropy "20yr old venture backed ivy-league dropout." Absolute legend @josebetandcourt . LFG!

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@0xArnav

Arnav

6 months

@kyle_corsola @colludingnode @cryptodavidw Tbh I don't understand the discussion here - Onchain FHE *needs ZK to work. So the framing of FHE or ZK is wrong - While FHE is the endgame of privacy imo, it will take time. Threshold assumption, data blow-up etc. - Using ZK, MPC and/or TEEs is necessary for now

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@0xArnav

Arnav

4 months

@0xTaker need

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

@kassandraETH they will be :)

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

7/ Why are SCWs a 100x improvement? SCWs offer infinitely more powerful features than EOAs, conducive to Web2 users. To name a few: - Social Recovery - Multicall - Fraud Monitering - Tiered Permissions - Mobile Biometric Authentication - Session Keys and many more on the way!

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@0xArnav

Arnav

7 months

@0x9212ce55 @titanbuilderxyz All talks will be recorded :)

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

8/ To recap, so far we've covered: What is an EOA + SCW, the limitations of EOAs, why SCWs present a new era of usability and security and how ERC-4337 advances SCWs. Lastly, I wanted to summarize the fundamental differences between EOAs and SCWs on Ethereum:

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

12/ AA on Layer2s: L2s have the opportunity to launch with native AA and forego EOAs altogether. Thus, L2s are a premier testing ground for wallet developers to continue expanding the functionality that can be provided by SCWs. zkSync and Starknet are implementing native AA.

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@0xArnav

Arnav

3 months

@dntse Agreed. Much of BTC's design can be attributed to earlier systems like Douglas Jackson's e-gold

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

2/ There are two kinds of Ethereum accounts, EOAs and SC wallets. EOAs are controlled by users with their private key where a signature from the private key is needed to transact. SCWs are controlled by smart contracts where successful execution of the code is needed to transact.

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@0xArnav

Arnav

1 year

@curiouscatwang @evanbfish @PortalVentures Congrats Cat 🥂

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