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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

How do you make a missile engine? Long range cruise missiles play a major role in the Russian war in Ukraine. They serve as a means of nuclear blackmail, of conventional strikes and of terror against the civilian infrastructure Let's revise what one needs to produce them

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

The Russian military doctrine is missile-centric. Serving as the principal means of WMD delivery, long range missiles secure Russian capacity to execute nuclear blackmail. Their production ongoing despite the sanctions regime implies that the targeting of sanctions is incorrect🧵

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

On Monday, we presented selected visuals on the Votkinsk, the Roscosmos enterprise producing ballistic missiles for the "Iskander" complex. Today, we will do the Titan-Barrikady that is producing the "Iskander" missile launchers Let us take an excursion to their factory floor🧵

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 month

Today we are releasing our first OSINT collection "Roscosmos". As the only producer of intercontinental ballistic missiles in Russia, Roscosmos plays a central role in maintaining the Russian WMD delivery capabilities. Let's have a look at how they produce missiles.

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

8 months

Our report "How Does Russia Make Missiles?" is ready and will be available to the public soon. Please email contact @rhodus .com to request a pdf

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

5 months

Rhodus Intelligence team has documented key 28 key ballistic, cruise and air defence missiles producers in Russia. Read our first investigation sample covering the Votkinsk Plant, one of two key intercontinental ballistic missiles producers in Russia. How does it make weaponry?

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

Most major military producers do not have the machine tool industry that could satisfy the needs of their military production, either because they already lack capacity (USA) or because they have not yet developed the capability (China)

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

1. Various tooling (conductors, faceplates, adapters, chucks, mandrels, etc) -🇷🇺 Satiz (including repair & customisation) -🇩🇪 Schunk, 🇹🇷Eroglu,🇩🇪Mapal, 🇩🇪Walter, 🇩🇪Lang -🇮🇱 Iscar -🇸🇪 Sandvik, Seco -🇮🇹D'Andrea

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

The Rostec-associated "ODK Saturn" makes engines for all the longest range cruise missiles in Russia including Kh-101, Kh-555 and the Kalibr family. This is one of the most strategically important and technologically advanced weaponry producers in Russia

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

B. 🇪🇺Critical tooling supplies come from the Western Europe, especially 🇩🇪🇨🇭🇸🇪 and to a lesser degree from the developed East Asia🇯🇵🇰🇷

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

2. Special tooling (zero point clamping systems) -🇩🇪Schunk -🇨🇭Erowa, 🇸🇪3R System - 🇷🇺Satiz

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

Despite being a secretive military producer, Saturn produces lots of informative documentation. And much of it is available online. Consider their "Technological policy" (2017) It has a *full list of manufacturing equipment* mentioned in their internal technical documentation

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

4. Cutting instruments (endmills, etc) -🇷🇺NIR (including sharpening & repair), 🇷🇺Satiz (including sharpening),🇷🇺Virial,🇷🇺Skif-M,🇷🇺BZS -🇮🇱Iscar -🇸🇪Sandvik, Seco -🇩🇪Walter,🇩🇪Guhring,🇩🇪Botek -🇯🇵Mitsubishi, 🇯🇵Sumitomo -🇰🇷Korloy -🇨🇳ZCC-CT

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

What do we see here? A. 🇷🇺Russian enterprises play a major supportive "workshop" role repairing and customising the tooling. They also produce a range of ad hoc tooling for the military industry, based on the Western manufacturing equipment They must be sanctioned

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

3. Special tooling for stamping, welding, soldering, spraying, casting -🇷🇺Satiz (including repair & customisation) -🇩🇰Walter Schnorrer -🇷🇺Karat

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

7 months

Our report "How Does Russia Makes Missiles?" is available for download. Next week we are planning to publish the first OSINT sample illustrating our methodology.

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

With this investigation, we propose a new look into the Russian missile industry’s chokepoints, specifically in its industrial equipment and processes. As Russia lost the Soviet machinery sector, its military producers have outsourced production of industrial equipment abroad

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

C.🇨🇳 The almost complete absence of Chinese tooling. There are only two Chinese brands in the list

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

The power of OSINT is underestimated. Operating under the regime of secrecy, strategic missile industry appears to be impenetrable. And yet, we have built a representative picture of its manufacturing base, with its chokepoints, based exclusively on the publicly available sources

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

8. Grinding and abrasive tooling -🇷🇺Vaz,🇷🇺Laz,🇷🇺Pazi,🇷🇺Kaz,🇷🇺Volgashlif Plus -🇩🇪Pferd -🇷🇺Satiz -🇩🇪Rosler -🇷🇺Remiz-99 -🇷🇺Baz -🇺🇸3M -🇨🇭SIA -🇩🇪Wendt

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

Titan-Barrikady is the Russian producer of Iskander launchers. In 2021, its Chief Technologist Ingemansson A.R. defended a doctoral dissertation on "securing consistency of the machining processes" It were the HAAS milling and turning machines that his research was based upon

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

Unfortunately, customs data does not indicate the import of metal-cutting machines to fall after 2014. To the contrary, 2015 was a year of frenzical rearmament After 2015, supply chains were increasingly obfuscated -> The aggregate data was becoming increasingly less reliable

Ian Bond

@CER_IanBond

1 year

Amazing revelations. Even if these machines were supplied before 2014 (& first W sanctions), some Western firms have hard questions to answer about due diligence on end users. Helping Russia's nuclear missile programmes was NEVER acceptable.

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

In this introductory material we demonstrate our method on example of a single Russian strategic missiles producer: the Votkinsk Plant. As a part of Roscosmos defence corporation, it is the only producer of solid-propellant ICBMs/SLBMs and SRBMs in Russia

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

7. Grinding and abrasive tooling -🇷🇺Satiz (including repair & customisation) -🇩🇪Guhring

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

9. Metal broaching tooling and instruments -🇷🇺Satiz -🇩🇪Hoffman -🇸🇪Seco

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

5. Tooling and instruments for spark-erosion processes -🇷🇺Satiz (including repair & customisation),🇷🇺Abamet,🇷🇺SodikoM,🇷🇺Meatek

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

19. Standardised measuring instrument -🇩🇪Mahr -🇯🇵Mitutoyo -🇨🇳 Links -🇩🇪Silvac -🇩🇪Hofman

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

17. Specialized instrument for gear shaping and slot milling -🇩🇪Wendt -🇷🇺Satiz (including restoration) -🇷🇺Rosslavl -🇩🇪Winterthur -🇷🇺Vaz,🇷🇺Pazi -🇩🇪Saazor

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

Russia, however, makes a special case of a major military producer with almost no machine tool production capacities of its own. Having lost the domestic machine tool industry, Russia outsourced manufacture of industrial equipment abroad to a spectacular degree

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

2:14 On the left: Kovosvit MAS (Czechia) machine tool On the right: Unidentified machine equipped with the Sinumerik (Germany) CNC controller

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

11. Plasma spraying -🇨🇭OERLICON METCO -🇷🇺Satiz

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

6. Tooling and instruments for electrochemical processes -🇷🇺Satiz (including repair & customisation)

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

20. Metalwork and assembly tooling -🇩🇪Stahlwille,🇩🇪Gedore -🇸🇪Вahco -🇷🇺Satiz (including repair & customisation) -🇷🇺Nir (including repair & customisation)

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

The Votkinsk Plant is one of the most secret military producers in Russia. Nevertheless, secrecy considerations come into conflict with other rationales that require the missile producers, their counteragents, and the state to disclose sensitive information rather than to hide it

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

It was Russia developing and fielding the Iskander cruise missiles 9M729, that made the US to accuse it of violating the INF treaty (2018) and withdraw from it (2019) At the same time, the Russian producer of Iskander launchers is operating with the US-made HAAS machines

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 month

Starting from tomorrow, we will be publishing our OSINT collections on the Russian missile industry. We will begin with Roscosmos. Producing 100% of intercontinental ballistic missiles in Russia, it plays the key role in maintaining its WMD delivery capabilities.

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

The Votkinsk Plant is the single manufacturer of long-range solid-propellant ballistic missiles in Russia, including: Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) "Yars" Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) "Bulava" Short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) "Iskander"

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

10. Laser cutting tooling -🇷🇺Satiz

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

15. Gear shaping instrument -🇷🇺Satiz (including sharpening) -🇺🇸Gleason

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

0:26 Sinumerik (Siemens) CNC control panel Fanuc, Siemens and Heidenhain are thee most widely used CNC controller systems in the Russian military industry by far. The vast majority of all cutting machines, including the Russia-assembled ones, uses one of these three

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

23. Specialised tooling for the polymer composite materials pressing dies -🇨🇭Walter + Bai AG -🇷🇺Satiz (including repair & customisation)

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

12. LMD tooling -🇷🇺IPG

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

13. Hydroabrasive cutting tooling -🇷🇺Satiz

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

2:25 TOS Varnsdorf (Czechia) machine tool

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

We will start with this video broadcasted on the regional TV channel AhtubaTV: "Governor Bozhenov met with the workers of the Central Design Bureau "Titan" (2012). 0:14 On this photo of a Titan-Barrikady workshop you can see at least two HAAS machines

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

14. Gear shaping tooling -🇷🇺Satiz (including repair & customisation)

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

0:18 "AgieCharmilles". This is one of the GF Machining Solutions (Switzerland) machine tool brands

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

18. Specialized measuring instrument -🇷🇺Satiz (including repair & customisation)

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

16. Specialized tooling for gear shaping and slot milling -🇷🇺Satiz

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

This is the visual evidence we have collected on this one single production facility (the Votkinsk Plant) based on official propaganda. As the authorities need to project an image of well-equipped military industry, they must demonstrate visuals Most are identifiable

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

22. Pressing dies for polymer composite materials -🇫🇷Compose S.A.S -🇷🇺Tupolev KNITU -🇷🇺Satiz (including repair & customisation)

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

2:38 Foreground: Two Kovosvit MAS (Czechia) machining centres

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

2:29 Traub (Germany) machine tool

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

2:28 TOS Varnsdorf machine with the identifiable "Воткинский завод" (Votkinsk Plant) sign on an machinist's uniform

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

5:45 An operator is sitting behind the screen. The "Danielli Automation" (Italy) label in the upper left angle allows us to plausibly identify this equipment

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

0:17 Here the HAAS labels are better visible

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

2:44 Extron (Taiwan) machine equipped with Fanuc CNC controller

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

10 months

21. Tooling for turbine production and assembly -🇷🇺Satiz (including repair & customisation)

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

25:51 HAAS again. This major American machine tool producer is the largest North American supplier of the Russian military industry by far

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

27:05 Two setup operators busy installing machines. They are dressed in the "Baltic Industrial Company" (BPK) uniform. The BPK is a Russian machine tool company focused on distributing, setting up and maintaining imported equipment for the Russian military industry Sanction it

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

While the purchase of forging press Danieli Breda cannot be verified based on the public procurements data, purchases of *spare parts* allow us to verify it with certainty This is a very common pattern: Purchase of equipment - classified Purchase of spare parts - transparent

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

4:56 Kemppi (Finland) welding machine

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

We are starting with a relatively fresh video. This is the movie "Votkinsk Plant" of September 2022. It was published on the official page of this strategic missiles producer in Vkontakte (Russian social media) Source:

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

11 months

In August 2022, Dmitry Medvedev inspected the Motovilikha Plants. Located in Perm region, it is a major MLRS and artillery producer in Russia. On a footage, you see Medvedev observing the forging of a gun barrel You may notice the "GFM" letters on the machine

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

0:56 On the right, you see a HAAS control panel. The American HAAS is one of those relatively less common machine tool producers that is equipping machines with their own CNC controllers

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

5:28 Smeral (Czechia/Czechoslovakia) forming equipment

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

3:04 The CEO of Roscosmos Dmitry Rogozin visits the Votkinsk Plant. On the background you can see the TOS Varnsdorf (Czechia) machine tool

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

4:17 Exton M4C (Taiwan) machine tool

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

5:34 For the first time, we can see the Russian-produced equipment. This is the pressing machine by the Voronezh-located Tyazhmehpress (Тяжмехпресс) Whenever they can demonstrate the Russian equipment, the narrator always specifies it is Russian

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

Most probably it is the forging press by the Danieli Breda, part of the Danieli Group (Italy) Consider this visual posted on the Votkinsk Plant official page . We can see the same blue label in the upper left corner of the screen

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 month

Some takeaways: a) The Russian ICBM production base is a mix of modern CNC equipment by the leading Western producers & the remnants of Soviet machinery b) There is almost nothing "Russian" out there b) And, perhaps more interestingly, almost nothing Chinese

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

4:20 ... equipped with the Fanuc CNC controller

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

In 2016, the Votkinsk Plant announced a nearly $100 million capital investment program which included construction of a new 100,000 sq m forging facility. In June 2017, it ordered a 10-MN mono-frame forging press from the Italian company Danieli Breda

Plant Modernization Centers on New Open-Die Press

High-tech monoframe design will anchor advanced machine-manufacturing concept 250 years of manufacturing history Three-year CapEx program New, 100,000-m2 plant

web.archive.org

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

Let's summarise. The visual evidence on this single Russian strategic missiles producer indicates: 1. The wide use of Western European to a lesser degree East Asian production 2. Almost no Russia-produced equipment 3. The total invisibility of China How could that be?

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

Wait for our upcoming report: "How does Russia make missiles?" Subscribe to our newsletter: "Votkinsk Plant: How to make an Iskander? Case study of a Russian intercontinental ballistic missiles producer" It describes our method in more detail

Votkinsk Plant: How to make an "Iskander"?

Case study of a Russian intercontinental ballistic missiles producer

rhodus.substack.com

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

26:05 Fanuc CNC controller Again, Fanuc, Siemens and Heidenhain are three most common CNC controller systems in the Russian military industry by far

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

Next video. This is a 37 min-long movie on the TItan-Barrikady (2014) 25:48 This is probably a Soviet-era machine equipped with the modern Sinumerik (Siemens) CNC. Very typical. The old stock is inoperable unless equipped with the modern computer control

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

We have finished with the first video. Now, we will review the Votkinsk Plant official page in Vkontakte social media March 27, 2022. Kovosvit MAS (Czechia) Source:

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

2 months

Roscosmos is a state corporation responsible both for the civilian aerospace programs and for 100% of the Russian ICBM/SLBMs production. In this capacity, it plays a central role in maintaining the Russian WMD delivery capabilities. "How does Russia make ICBMs?" is coming soon.

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

The end. The rest of our visuals on Titan-Barrikady either show the same equipment from the different angles or require too long commentary

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

September 20, 2021 TOS Varnsdorf (Czechia) machining center Source:

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

26:27 Skoda CNC control panel

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

5:41 The "ТМП" abbreviation meaning "Тяжмехпресс" (Tyazhmehpress) allows us to identify its producer

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 month

Our findings suggest that the Russian missile industry used to enforce a systematic policy of Chinese exclusion, which was abruptly reversed with the start of the Special Operation. For more details, consult our report How Does Russia Make Missiles?

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

26:22 Skoda (Czechia) machine

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

25:57 HAAS

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

May 19, 2022. JINN FA (Taiwan) machine with Fanuc CNC controller Source:

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

Next video. It is of a more typical Big Boss Visiting the Plant type "Russian Deputy Defense Minister Yuri Borisov inspected Volgograd companies that execute the state defense orders" (2017) 0:31 On the right HAAS (USA) On the left Gruppo Shark (Italy)

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

0:32 The Swedish-Swiss robotic equipment producer ABB is a major supplier for the Russian military industry. It has an extensive network of distributors and maintenance centres in Russia Even in 2023, their withdrawal is incomplete

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

7:33 EMCO (Austria)

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

September 4, 2021 For the first time, we see an (unidentified) machine with the Russian CNC control (Balt-System) An offshoot of the Gorbachev's industrial policy, Balt-System produces obsolete 2-3 axes CNCs for modernising the Soviet-era stock Source:

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

1:23 Heidenhain CNC controller As we have already pointed out, Fanuc, Siemens and Heidenhain are three most common CNC controller types in the Russian military industry. For the PLC controllers, Siemens is the most common producer by the wide margin

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

0:36 This is an five-axes universal machining center UMILL 1800 EMCO manufactured by the EMCO (Austria)

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

27:17 Techni Waterjet (Australia) waterjet cutting machine

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

27:41 HARTLOR FANUC CNC control panel

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

1:09 Heller H 6000 four-axis machining center produced by the Heller (Germany)

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

11 months

In 2013, the US Secretary for Army John McHugh visited the Watervliet Arsenal, the only US facility producing large caliber cannons. Behind him, you see a machine forging all such cannons in the Watervliet That is, in the United States Notice the "GFM" letters on the machine

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

This headline in a regional media (2022) allows us to take a closer look on the Italian "Shark" machine at the Titan-Barrikady factory floor

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

Now we are switching to the second video: "The head of Udmurtia visited the “Votkinsk plant”. (09.27.2016). “Vesti”. Udmurtia. Youtube-channel News_24 Source:

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Rhodus Intelligence

@rhodusinc

1 year

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