There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
1. There’s been a lot of misused words lately on ARMY Twitter. While this app isn’t good for nuanced discussion, let’s clarify what some things being said, or demanded, ACTUALLY mean.
First, the word “divest” with respect to “HYBE and Zi0nism”
1. There isn’t, and never has been, an “exemption” from service for sport or art achievement. It is, and always has been, a form of alternative/supplementary service.
Any reference to athletes or classical musicians being “exempt” has always been, technically, wrong
How it works:
2. Enlistment, alternative service, and exemptions (yes, there are some limited actual exemptions allowed — eg. on medical grounds) are governed by two pieces of legislation (laws):
i. Military Service Act
ii. Enforcement Decree of the Military Service Act
(we’ll talk about both)
3. Alternative service for men who “raised the national prestige” by certain (sport) achievements was introduced in 1973. There’s a whole history to it + it was dictatorship era but for today it’s enough to know the MSA was amended to create an “art and sports personnel” category
31. “You’re trying to defend Scooter etc”
No, we are not. This thread simply explains how the inaccurate language and conflated demand a S.Korean company “divest” when the actual issue is discontent with employment of an American man, by an 🇺🇸 subsidiary, in🇺🇸, is factually wrong
22. Only 484 men have //ever// gotten art and sport alternative service (2019 stats).
133,385 men have gotten alternative service benefit just by working for companies designated as alternate service providers, with 72,523 getting it between 2015-2019 (2019 stats).
12. Since it seems not many on this app read things in full, or amplify misinfo because it “sounds good” or feeds into pre-existing dislike and prejudices, here’s the TLDR:
HYBE has no listed ownership interests in any Isra*li companies, or in any listed BDS “target” companies.
4. Article 33-7 of the MSA allows men, who would otherwise enlist in active duty, but have specialty in the field of arts or sports, to be transferred into supplemental service as “Art and Sport Personnel”
(we’ll reference sections and attach the actual law in Korean and English)
17. “Art and Sports Personnel” has never been a true “exemption” — those who qualify still have to serve, just differently. The system is meant to recognize their specialty work benefits the country as a whole, but still requires doing some extra (unpaid) work for the country too
9. During their 34 months of service, all Art and Sport Personnel must
- complete basic training (MSA, Articles 33-8(2) and 55); and
- serve the public interest by completing 544 hrs of voluntary public service in the field of their speciality (MSA, 33-8(5) Decree, 68-12)
7. *For pop music artists to get the same as benefits for raising national prestige as a piano competition winner Article 68-11 qualifications must be amended and the MMA acknowledge certain pop music achievements. The yrs-long amendment debate about “fairness” + criteria is here
5. To qualify for Art and Sport Personnel alternative service men must meet the criteria set out in the Decree in Article 68-11 — This is what limits this alternate service only to Olympic medalists, Asian Games and music/art competitions recognized by the Military Manpower Admin
8. All men who qualify for Art and Sport Personnel alternative service (eg. Son Heungmin, every Olympic medalist, and every qualifying classical/traditional musician) must serve in that role for 2 years plus 10 months — ie. 34 months.
(MSA, Article 33-8)
6. There are currently 28 international classical music + some national music competitions, and some art achievements, recognized by the MMA. The international (classical) music achievements are UNESCO recognized competitions.
No popular music achievements, at all, are included*
18. When people (politicians/media) have recently said ‘34 months’, ‘544 hours’, or counting future expo activities as service, they are referring to the requirements of the current system. BTS are excluded from it now, because pop music is not recognized.
13. Because the 544 hours are voluntary work, Art and Sports Personnel don’t get paid for //that//work. Otherwise, for the 34 mths, they continue on with their regular work/careers, and lives. This recognizes that these men’s “regular” speciality work benefits the whole country
14. As Art and Sport Personnel go back to their regular lives and careers (after basic training) they can continue to go abroad, and earn money from their profession - which money they keep. This is how Son is playing abroad in the premiership, earning $, etc while in his 34mths.
19. Recent various politician / media references haven’t meant a new law or system. Their references have been for BTS — who have unquestionably raised Korea’s global prominence around the world — being included within the current system, by amending the MSA + 68-11 of the Decree
10. The government only counts certain work/activities toward completing the 544 public service hours during art/sport alternative service enlistment
There are 3 categories:
i. and ii. are art, sport or cultural activities/leadership roles with socially vulnerable classes or kids
11. The 3rd category of voluntary activities the government recognizes to count toward the 544 hours is a kind of catch-all: It’s ‘other voluntary activities recognized by the Culture Minister and MMA’ — could be performances, classes, education, or public interest campaign work
20. Art and sport alternative service is also just one form of alternative service. It’s also one of the least “used” because what is recognized is so limited (and hard to accomplish). But it’s a high profile one, and therefore controversial with the public for various reasons.
6. What does “HYBE divest from Zi0nism” actually mean?
TLDR: At best, the demand is framed incorrectly and is kind of meaningless. At worst, it’s misleading, conflates multiple concepts and is overly broad. Just because it “sounds good” (and is correctly used by the BDS movement)
12. The 3rd category gives the gov (and men serving) more options for the kind of volunteer work that counts toward completing service requirements. But for “new” work —eg. ambassadors to help country win a bid — the gov first has to agree to recognize it to count toward the 544
15. 34 mths is based on 16 volunteer hrs/mth. It also gives time for Art and Sport Personnel to spread out their 544hrs (which totals ~70 8hr/work days). It recognizes that these men may have limited time or even be in the country for shorter times because of their sport/art work
28. Therefore, the demand is really for HYBE to “fire” him. Framing that demand as for HYBE to “divest from Zi0nism” is wrong and misleading (as explained above). Also, employment law is complicated. Protections of employees vary by country AND by state, AND individual contract
13. There’s also nothing that suggests any of the corps (ie neither HYBE nor any of its subsidiaries, nor corps that it’s invested in), support Isra*l/the IDF in any way per above.
In short there’s nothing for HYBE to “divest from” with respect to Zi0nism.
(We’ll get to 🛴 later)
16. Once 34 months is up, and they’ve finished basic training and all the required volunteer public service hours, Art and Sports Personnel are discharged, with their mandatory service to the country deemed completed.
21. Other alternative service systems include those for men who simply work for companies that are designated as an ‘alternate service provider’ (even including companies in some tech industries). But this is a less high profile or media-discussed alternative service benefit.
19. Also, the “BlackRock + HYBE” screenshot that went around twt cropped off the parts of BR’s public disclosure showing that particular BlackRock Investment fund owned only 1064 HYBE shares (worth ~$187k). (That same BR fund also owns 1895 shares of JYP).
2. The word “divest” when applied to corps, governments, or organizations (eg controlling their own (large) investment funds (eg universities)), has specific legal/financial meaning.
“Divest” means to give up (sell) financial investments/assets/holdings in something.
If it helps,
8. and using the word “divest” is technically meaningless, nonsensical, and/or misleadingly creates the impression of an investment or ownership connection that doesn’t exist. HYBE, as a public company, regularly discloses the corporations it’s invested in. This is public record.
7. doesn’t mean “divest” demands apply to everyone or everything with some kind of connection to a Zi0nist or Isra*l.
Again, to “divest from”, a corp must first be invested in, or OWN that something. If it doesn’t own or invest in that, there is literally nothing to “divest”,
18. With that very basic background:
a) HYBE has NOT invested in BlackRock. Rather,
b) BlackRock, a huge (global) institutional investment corp, bought some HYBE shares from the public market so the shares are part of portfolios for certain “funds” (financial products) BR manages
3. you can just think (in a simplified way) of “divest” being the opposite of “invest”.
Therefore, for a corp to “divest” from something, that company must first be “invested” in that thing, or own it.
So a demand to “divest” means knowing what a corp owns/has invested in.
25. when it comes to BlackRock and “HYBE divest from Zi0nism” there is literally NOTHING for HYBE to divest from, or control. Whoever can afford it can invest in HYBE by buying shares from the public market like BR did. HYBE can’t target “take back” what BR purchased. End of.
14. “What of that screenshot of BlackRock Investments and HYBE? HYBE is owned by Zi0nists! Z*’s profit if HYBE does!”
Again, HYBE’s a public corp. That means its shares are purchasable on a public market—the KOSPI (Korea’s main (higher end) stock market. The other is the KOSDAQ))
30. is complicated by recent changes in US Federal (ie national) law, as the US congress has officially conflated anti-Zi0nism to antisemitism.
House Res 894 passed Dec 5, 2023 states: anti-Zi0nism is antisemitism. Therefore, they are considered equivalent under current US law
20. For perspective, there are currently 41,353,387 HYBE issued shares. BlackRock owns a teeny tiny percentage of Hybe’s total shares. It’s one of hundreds if not thousands of minority shareholders, and can’t realistically can’t influence or control anything of Hybe by its shares
22. BR can exert some control over some corps. For ex, a nearly $1 billion partnership with Warner Music and holds major % stakes in other corps. But suggesting BR owning a mere several thousand HYBE shares influences or controls HYBE or is a Z* investment by HYBE is wrong
29. First, only the parties and their lawyers know what the terms of Scooter’s contract are with HYBE. But as a CEO, it’s reasonable to assume he has robust contract terms.
Second, the demand of “fire Scooter for being a Zi0nist” (which is primarily what “divest from Zi0nism” is)
23. “I saw a screenshot that said BlackRock is HYBE’s 8th largest shareholder!”
First, that’s from a third party website “marketscreener”.
Second, the info on MS is inaccurate, or out of date, as it lists the wrong percentages for even BangPD, Netmarble, the NPS etc. However,
10. Because Zi0nism is essentially a political ideology, to determine if there’s anything for Hybe to “divest” from we look at its investments/shareholdings to see if any are:
1) an Isra*li company/affiliate
2) a co that supports Isra*l/IDF by:
- resources (such selling/providing
27. In 2021, HYBE took total ownership of Scooter’s Ithaca Holdings company (plus all its subsidiaries) and while IH and all (now) HYBE’s various US subsidiary companies are assets HYBE owns, Scooter is simply employed by HYBE: in the US, in California, as the CEO of HYBE America
17. ANYONE with market access to buy. Once shares are listed on a public exchange the corp doesn’t, and can’t, control who buys or sells those shares, or at what price (as much as it may wish it could control any of those things at any time).
It’s a PUBLIC market.
4. Demands for corps/banks etc to divest have been made for yrs for a variety of causes such as not investing in oil corps due to enviro harm, weapons manufacturers, or dealing with certain countries etc.
BDS’ description of “divest” uses “withdraw investment”.
Some institutions
26. “But Scooter’s a Zi0nist! HYBE artists have collab’ed with Zi0nists!”
We won’t get into whether someone is/isn’t a Zi0nist or degree of their support of Isra*l etc as it isn’t this thread’s intent.
However, for accuracy, HYBE’s relationship with Scooter is one of employment.
11. weapons, tech, equipment, free food, etc)
- financially (donating *corporate* funds)
- information (corps participating in dissemination of biased info or outright propaganda (ie media), or
- discriminating against pro-Palestinian people (in hiring, firing, or other actions)
21. Does BlackRock own HYBE shares? Yes, a VERY small amount/percentage.
Also, BlackRock is an investment firm, currently the world’s largest, managing over USD $10 TRILLION in assets through funds, partnerships, or outright ownership.
15. Of SK music corps only HYBE debuted/is on the main KOSPI market. The others (SM JYP YG etc) are all on the lower KOSDAQ market (for smaller corps). Generally, corps whose shares trade on smaller exchange markets are less attractive to foreign and institutional investors,
9. Some are wholly owned subsidiary companies, some are subsidiary corps it just holds (potentially, even if not exerted) controlling shares of. Other companies are third parties: corps HYBE has just invested money in (with minority shares).
This is the list as of the end of 2023
5. offer “ethical” or “green” financial products, where an investment fund doesn’t include certain things/companies, so people purchasing interests in that fund (eg a mutual fund) know their money won’t be purchasing shares (ie investing) in corps doing things they don’t support.
24. BlackRock does own, in total, more than just 1064 HYBE shares. But, through different investment funds. For ex, BR also owns 127 HYBE shares (~$25k) in its “BlackRock Emerging Markets excluding China Fund”. It also owns ~85k shares in its “Emerging Markets Fund”.
Regardless,
16. simply because the corps tend to be smaller (market cap/equity), less profitable, and/or even perhaps more uneven in growth/success (riskier).
VERY simply: When a corp “goes public”, it does an “Initial Public Offering” (IPO): listing on the market a set number of shares for
1. Since there’s some confusion (again), and people and media continue to use inaccurate enlistment terminology: under Korean law there are limited actual full exemptions from military service. Medical grounds are one way. But, how it works:
(same laws as in QT)
All S. Korean men
2. Enlistment, alternative service, and exemptions (yes, there are some limited actual exemptions allowed — eg. on medical grounds) are governed by two pieces of legislation (laws):
i. Military Service Act
ii. Enforcement Decree of the Military Service Act
(we’ll talk about both)
Addendum:
1. One of the reasons media (Korean and English) imprecisely (or just plain wrongly) have called the alternative system available to Art and Sport personnel an “exemption” is because it is considered a //good// thing, or a privilege/benefit, to those who get it
8. Others consider the uneven/double standard criteria in 68-11 (eg classical, but not pop, music, or classical but not electric guitar) to be unfair. And politicians repeatedly said it was hard to come up w clear criteria for pop music achievement (that raised national prestige)
4. There are decades of narratives of unfairness around these provisions, with the government having made changes for some from time to time (eg 2002 football World Cup team) or athletes who never played during a game still qualified, simply by being part of a winning team
5. There is also a long history of big controversies around certain individuals when seen to be trying to get out of active duty service.
There is also a long history of privileged classes abusing, and taking advantage of, systems for alternative service or (medical) exemptions
2. While not a “true” exemption, those who get it continue on with their regular lives and work uninterrupted, keeping all their earnings, and free (except for their basic training and completing volunteer hours). So viewed as an “advantage” over other men who must actively serve
3. It’s “controversial” in South Korean society for complicated reasons. The fact it is high profile likely plays a large role in why it’s controversial, as the actual numbers of men who ever qualified is so comparatively small.
6. So there’s heightened “sensitivity” around issues of “fairness”. Art & Sport alt service existing at all is viewed as unfair by some. It is further complicated by societal issues such as incel movements fostering resentment or feeling disadvantaged as women don’t have to serve
7. The Minister cited declining pop as a reason to not expand “exemptions” Yet the no. of men who qualified for Art & Sport, or even potential additional men who might qualify had it been amended, is very small versus those not doing active duty via military service provider co’s
9.
• Grade IV: not healthy enough for active duty but healthy enough for supplemental service (ie social work)
- Grade V: incapable of active or supplementary service but capable enough for wartime labor service (ie, must serve if active war, also called second citizen service)
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
18. Around 320k men get physical exams yearly and many (ordinary) men legitimately get Grades IV or V.
Despite the rigorous process, some try to cheat. Some get caught. Less covered, but there is discourse on how a seemingly disproportionate number of wealthy avoid active duty.
Some facts to keep in mind if you see news stories or anyone citing potential “unfairness” of amending laws to add pop music b/c of BTS as an “exemption”
1. “Exemption” is inaccurate; &
2. Such rhetoric ignores the fact of the number of “exemptions” for business ppl + researchers
22. Only 484 men have //ever// gotten art and sport alternative service (2019 stats).
133,385 men have gotten alternative service benefit just by working for companies designated as alternate service providers, with 72,523 getting it between 2015-2019 (2019 stats).
2. when they turn 18 are assigned to something called “Preliminary Military Service”, which can be thought of like a registry. All men when they’re 19 (but it can be deferred in some cases to 20), then must go for a Draft Physical Examination.
It’s both physical and psychological
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
14. prior to the actual enlistment date, they must undergo another examination: an Enlistment Examination. Similar or the same procedures as the other ones, and grades may again change.
Also, in mid 2023 the government also included illicit drug testing for everyone at this exam
7. investigations found abuse, by people faking seizure disorders or serious mental health disorders, with assistance from “brokers” to avoid active duty service.
3. The exam is full body, and can include clinical pathology testing and radiograph imaging (for physical exam), as well as emotion/personality testing by observation, interview, written exam or, if necessary, detailed psychological test. These are done by doctors specializing
6. Doctors determine each assigned physical grade, based on criteria set by the MMA.
These criteria can, and do, change. For example, obesity or being v underweight used to get non-active duty, or even medical exemption. The MMA also recently revisited criteria for epilepsy, as
8. Examining doctors determine physical grades as follows:
- Grade I to IV: Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplementary service:
• Grades I - III: healthy enough for active duty service,
10. Grade VI: incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder. (This is an entirely full exemption from any service requirement, ever)
Grade VII: unable to grade because of disease or mental or physical disorder. Follow-up exam in 2 years.
5.
- height, weight,
- blood pressure,
- chest x-rays,
- CT and MRI scans, with same day results, for any orthopaedic problems, and
- urine and blood tests, incl certain med/drug screens.
At final exam men get their overall results: from Grade I to Grade VII (ie, from 1 - 7)
17. it is one of, if not The, rarest alternative services granted
Only given to ~485 men since 1973
vs
~150k got similar alt service simply by working for “military service providers” (ie specific companies)
vs ~? don’t do active duty on medical grounds (incl current president)
22. Only 484 men have //ever// gotten art and sport alternative service (2019 stats).
133,385 men have gotten alternative service benefit just by working for companies designated as alternate service providers, with 72,523 getting it between 2015-2019 (2019 stats).
11. Grades I - IV, are assigned aptitudes from testing: architecture/civil engineering, electricity, electronics, data processing, heavy equipment operation, transport equipment maintenance, vehicle operation, chemistry, machinery, aviation, medicine, cooking, and common aptitude
16. The specifics on how Grades are assigned are a combo of politics (policies) that are changeable, and medical criteria assessed by doctors.
Despite lots of attention and citizen “outrage” given to Art and Sport Personnel alternative service (not and never was an “exemption”),
1. There isn’t, and never has been, an “exemption” from service for sport or art achievement. It is, and always has been, a form of alternative/supplementary service.
Any reference to athletes or classical musicians being “exempt” has always been, technically, wrong
How it works:
15. Certain positive testing gets sent to police. The length and type of resulting sentence impacts their military service. Could end up with time in prison and service. A positive drug test that’s a ruse to avoid military service, gets EXTRA punishment and cannot avoid service
4. in draft examinations, by military surgeons, and/or by designated medical institutions. The exam includes a:
61 Question medical questionnaire,
271 Question personality test (also available in English), and
58 Question cognitive test.
Then, physical exams include,
13. a person’s previous Grade may change depending on their condition. For example, a problem may have been improved by surgery. A new injury sustained. A condition resolved, or newly discovered etc.
Then, once men are set to enlist in active duty, and
@Koreaboo
This uses imprecise and inaccurate language - please understand correct facts about the system and what is being proposed and discussed before you write things
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
12. All men get grades and aptitudes at their Draft Physical Examination when 19/20. If they received Grade I-IV (qualified for active or supplementary service) but don’t enlist within 5 years, they must go for a Follow-up Draft Physical Examination — go through it all again, and
@hiraeth8221
Wrong. Again, you don’t understand that 34 month reference so you are misleading. Son Heungmin’s activities are probably the most high profile example of what those 34 months look like. It’s back to regular life. See whole thread, but specially slide 14
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
.
@JoongAngDaily
unfortunately your editorial column and particularly reference in conclusion to “thinning conscription resources” fails entirely to consider actual statistics relating to “exemption” (a term you also incorrectly use) from active duty.
22. Only 484 men have //ever// gotten art and sport alternative service (2019 stats).
133,385 men have gotten alternative service benefit just by working for companies designated as alternate service providers, with 72,523 getting it between 2015-2019 (2019 stats).
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
@koreatimescokr
Please be careful and accurate in the terms you use on this topic, regardless of the rhetoric and imprecise words used by politicians. You should be providing clarity rather than furthering misunderstanding by imprecise descriptions
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
@hiraeth8221
Partially wrong and misleading. Again, 34 months is required for all art and sport alternative service personnel. It is what Son Heungmin does too. See entire thread, specifically slides numbered 8, 9
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
@YonhapNews
If fairness & declining population are *genuine* concerns for extending current Art and Sport personnel alternative service to pop music, then politicians should be questioned, & your reporting should cover, the contradiction in actual numbers vs alt service to business industry
22. Only 484 men have //ever// gotten art and sport alternative service (2019 stats).
133,385 men have gotten alternative service benefit just by working for companies designated as alternate service providers, with 72,523 getting it between 2015-2019 (2019 stats).
@hiraeth8221
Wrong. During 34 months of alternative service all art and sport personnel HAVE TO do 544 hours of public service work for the country. The mayor wants their work helping expo to count toward the 544 hours. See slides 9, 11, 12
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts:
1. There’s been a lot of misused words lately on ARMY Twitter. While this app isn’t good for nuanced discussion, let’s clarify what some things being said, or demanded, ACTUALLY mean.
First, the word “divest” with respect to “HYBE and Zi0nism”
There’s a lot of misinfo and misunderstanding about art/sport “exemption from military service” in Korea. In part b/c for yrs media (both Korean and English) has been imprecise with how they talk of it.
Some recent ‘explain’ posts are also totally, or partially, wrong
Just facts: