In January,
@TxDPS
encountered several members of a militia, who were armed, and trespassing on private property, as they stood over five young migrants and questioned them.
Police didn’t charge the group for trespassing that day — but they did document it in a report. 🧵
This is just one example
@AverySchmitzCT
and I found where armed border vigilantes appeared to break the law in front of police, but were not charged with a crime — even when officers documented violations in a report.
No one was arrested for pointing a gun at migrants—though one of the armed men had a domestic violence conviction and could not legally carry a weapon, according to a police report.
SCOOP:
@TxDPS
is committing to a five year, $5.3 million contract for Tangles, an AI surveillance tool that can track cell phones w/o a court order.
ICE, IRS, BIA + other fed agencies have used Tangles.
DPS' contract is far larger than even ICE's.
Law enforcement collusion with vigilantes in TX + AZ runs the gamut from sheriff’s deputies showing groups around to police collaborating with—and not arresting—ppl with prior criminal convictions who illegally carried guns, according to social media, public records, interviews.
Sometimes I peruse IRS filings just to see if there's anything interesting.
That's how I learned that a south Texas border militia has been tax-exempt since 2008.
The group's leader, Michael Vickers, told me his members have zip tied migrants' hands.
DPS showed up that day because spotters in an FBI surveillance plane reported that migrants were "possibly being held at gun point", on a ridge overlooking the Rio Grande River north of Eagle Pass.
One group we investigated, Patriots for America (PFA), has a few members with previous criminal convictions, ranging from drug charges and multiple DUIs, to burglary and domestic assault.
Yet, PFA members with criminal convictions filmed and photographed themselves or each other, armed and in military fatigues and tactical vests — sometimes in front of law enforcement — as they patrolled the borderlands, stopping and questioning migrants.
In March 2022, PFA member Terry Anderson was arrested by
@TxDPS
for unlawful possession of a firearm by a felon, and unlawful possession of body armor by a felon. However...
TX DPS recently arrested two right-wing bloggers riding in a caravan with a NC militia near Eagle Pass after finding a plastic bag containing a “white powdery substance,” marijuana, and THC edibles in their Mercedes SUV, which also reeked of cannabis, per a police report 🧵
A Kinney County Sheriff's Office spokesperson told me the department ran background checks on PFA members when they showed up to volunteer in fall 2021 — and some people could not pass the background check. (The KCSO denies any formal relationship with PFA.)
In December 2021, PFA's leader posted video footage online of Anderson armed in the presence of Kinney County Sheriff’s Office deputy Sergeant Manuel Pena.
Anderson was arrested by state police three months later on firearms charges. His trial is next month in Del Rio.
I asked for records related to the background checks. The department PIO told me the sheriff "checked about 50 or 60 names at the time" — but had no lingering records.
“If the Sheriff even took notes," the PIO wrote to me. "This was three years ago. He says he's 'got nothing.’”
NEW: Records show Arizona’s defunct shipping container border wall cost twice the initial estimate and raise questions about the state’s oversight of the controversial, $194 million project.
w/
@aappel2
+
@JoshShimkus
for
@HowardCenterASU
In social media posts and interviews with journalists, Hall describes his team as a militia — though private paramilitary groups are illegal under the Texas Government Code.
Here's a fact sheet on that from
@GeorgetownICAP
:
In March 2022, the
@ATFDallas
sent a letter to officials in Collin County requesting documents related to Tredway’s domestic assault conviction as part of an “official federal firearms investigation.” (The ATF did not respond to questions about the investigation.)
PFA's leader, Samuel Hall, has also posted photos or boasted on social media of relationships with law enforcement in Uvalde, Val Verde, and Maverick counties, along with the former mayor of Uvalde, Don McLaughlin.
It's not just sheriff's offices.
Other vigilantes have also showcased their rapport with Border Patrol agents in Arizona.
One vigilante gave drone footage to a Tucson sector Border Patrol agent, according to dashcam video of the interaction.
In the video, the agent nonchalantly said he’s “not the FAA,” referring to the Federal Aviation Administration, which regulates airspace.
Then, addressing the vigilante, he said this: “If you guys can see [migrants], we can get ‘em.”
this week, I joined the
@TexasObserver
as investigative reporter via the Roy W. Howard Fellowship. I'll be focusing on immigration/the US-Mexico border, the environment, and extremism with a focus on Christian nationalism.
A rancher who runs a tax-exempt, paramilitary-style ranch patrol group and a sheriff who is buying pepper ball and tear gas launcher rifles to potentially use on migrants are teaming up to sue the Biden administration
new for
@TexasObserver
NEW: A Texas border sheriff is buying pepper ball and tear gas launcher rifles to potentially use against migrants who "try to storm the point of entry", to prevent them from crossing the U.S.-Mexico border.🧵
April Sparks and Jerry Pena, who self-identify as “independent journalists,” told the me that they were stopped while giving a tour of the area to members of the United Patriot Party of North Carolina, described by police as a militia group, on Jan. 20.
In January, DPS officers came across a group of anti-immigrant vigilantes trespassing on private property in Maverick County.
Officers didn't charge them with trespassing, according to a police report.
Read our story
@TexasObserver
here:
.
@TxDPS
responded to a large group on private property in Maverick County. Troopers arrested 24 illegal immigrants for criminal trespass. Among the large group were 19 unaccompanied minors, including a 12 & 9-year-old traveling alone. Troopers transported the 24 to the Val Verde
At the time of their arrests, they had been traveling with militia members who had allegedly pointed guns at migrants, according to DPS.
DPS troopers arrived to investigate reports from an FBI surveillance plane that migrants were possibly being held at gunpoint, per the report.
reporting this story on DPS required a lot of FOIA requests.
I've filed ~250+ requests this year.
sometimes public records can cost a lot of money.
if you want to support future
@TexasObserver
work covering state surveillance, consider donating:
SCOOP:
@TxDPS
is committing to a five year, $5.3 million contract for Tangles, an AI surveillance tool that can track cell phones w/o a court order.
ICE, IRS, BIA + other fed agencies have used Tangles.
DPS' contract is far larger than even ICE's.
The report says Allred admitted to police that he “did brandish a rifle in the presence” of migrants.
According to DPS, Allred has a prior conviction for domestic assault.
Both Sparks and Pena-Ahuyon (online, he just goes by Pena) said that day was their first time meeting with the United Patriot Party of North Carolina. Both said they were unaware that the group was an armed militia and that they are not members.
The
@TXMilitary
says that Eagle Pass' Shelby Park is open to the public, and the media.
City leaders say it's open to local residents — but only if they show ID.
Residents have said they've been denied entry. 🧵
The report says that DPS officers were told that federal prosecutors “did not want to accept charges on Allred, but later advised they will now accept federal weapons charges on Allred if he is encountered again.”
Tangles is an artificial intelligence-powered web platform that scrapes information from the open, deep, and dark web.
Tangles’ premier add-on feature, WebLoc, is controversial among digital privacy advocates.
Members of the United Patriot Party of North Carolina, who were out patrolling with Sparks and Pena, were not arrested that day, though one man with the group, Jeremy Allred, was stopped and had multiple guns in his possession, according to the DPS report.
@BayouBikeyBoi
nope, not a myth…
and if you wanted to sit down and not say the pledges of allegiance, you’d get in trouble
generally, when I was growing up, teachers told us we had to stand for the pledges, and that it was disrespectful to not participate
Any client who purchases access to WebLoc can track different mobile devices’ movements in a specific, virtual area selected by the user, through a capability called “geofencing.” Users of software like Tangles can do this without a search warrant or subpoena.
Device-tracking services rely on location pings and other personal data pulled from smartphones, usually via in-app advertisers.
Surveillance tech companies then buy this information from data brokers and sell access to it as part of their products.
I’m at UT Austin’s campus on the South Lawn. A few DPS troopers seized protestors and people from tents, who are encircled by protestors and police in riot gear
WebLoc can even be used to access a device’s mobile ad ID, a string of numbers and letters that acts as a unique identifier for mobile devices in the ad marketing ecosystem, according to a US Office of Naval Intelligence procurement notice.
While a device’s mobile ad ID is technically an anonymous piece of information, it is easy to cross reference other data points to determine the owner, according to Beryl Lipton, an investigative researcher at the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
DPS' acquisition plan does not mention the 2022 Uvalde school shooting, when 91 DPS officers formed part of a massive botched law enforcement response.
NEW: In a speech on Tuesday to attendees at the Sheriffs’ Association of Texas’ annual conference, TX Governor Greg Abbott compared attacks on Israel by Hamas to crime and immigration in Texas.
When asked about past allegations that members of the group had tied migrants’ hands with shoelaces, Vickers first blamed any bad behavior on leftist infiltrators, then later admitted it happened—but said the group used zip ties, not shoelaces.
DPS first purchased the software as part of Governor Greg Abbott’s multi-billion dollar Operation Lone Star border crackdown, doling out an initial $200,000 contract as an “emergency award” with no public solicitation.
Thank you to
@TexasStandard
@AngelaKBorder
for sharing our
@TexasObserver
story on Texas DPS' plan for a five-year, $5.3 million USD contract for Tangles, a AI-powered surveillance tool that can track phones without a court order.
State officials used emergency powers to sign a no-bid contract to build the wall — which circumvented competitive procurement laws — even though a barrier along the border was under consideration for a year, and it could have been handled competitively.
Not only did the cost of the shipping container wall end up costing double the initial estimate, but the state paid Ashbritt, the contractor, millions of dollars to idle its equipment and workers during the legal standoff and other work stoppages.
“I’m not going to discount that," he said. "We did have a sheriff’s deputy with us that was involved in that.” He claimed that all the migrants whose hands were tied were gang members from El Salvador.
It is unclear how DPS has used Tangles or whether the software has helped stop any potential mass shootings.
DPS did not respond to written questions or an interview request for this story.
Each year since, DPS has expanded the contract: In 2022, it paid $300,000, and in 2023, more than $400,000, according to contracting records on DPS’ website.
The agency’s new plan for a 5-year Tangles license, from 2024 through 2029, will cost about $1 million per year.
After DPS purchased its initial license for Tangles in 2021, local Texas law enforcement agencies followed suit.
The Dallas and Houston police depts have both purchased the software.
Several rural sheriffs' offices have cooperative use agreements for the software.
@stevanzetti
for journalists interested in using Google more efficiently, I found this contract using these search terms:
["cellebrite" "city of" date signature terms black and white]
h/t to
@henkvaness
for teaching me this trick
In a five-year acquisition plan obtained via a public records request, DPS states that Intelligence and Counterterrorism division personnel need the tool to “identify and disrupt potential domestic terrorism and other mass casualty threats.”
The plan references two Texas mass shootings. In August 2019, a racist white man from Allen killed 23 at a Walmart in El Paso. A few weeks later, a different perpetrator went on a deadly shooting in Midland and Odessa.
Agencies across the globe have used Tangles.
From at least 2021 to 2022, Salvadoran police used it, according to the investigative outlet El Faro.
Police in Mexico have also purchased the software, according to Excelsior, a Mexico City newspaper.
House Speaker Mike Johnson gave a keynote speech at National Association of Christian Lawmakers/
@ChristLawmakers
gala.
Most people have not heard of the NACL, and Johnson's visit undoubtably raises the organization's profile.
This is significant.
Here's why...
UPDATE: After this story published, NC United Patriot Party leader called back to apologize.
“I did not mean to lie to you”, he said, adding that he did in fact know Paul Faye, but knew him by the name Gunny. (He said he realized last night that they're the same person.)
Cobwebs Technologies (which owned Tangles prior to a 2023 acquisition by PenLink, a Nebraska-based tech firm) received backlash for how clients used its products.
As part of its sanctions, Meta removed 200 accounts operated by Cobwebs + its customers. In a company report, Meta investigators wrote that they identified Cobwebs customers in Bangladesh, Hong Kong, the United States, New Zealand, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Poland, + other countries.
... From a technology perspective, we want to note that we operate only according to the law, adhering to strict standards and regulations.”
The spokesperson did not answer other specific questions.
In 2022, a Cobwebs Technologies sales rep asked a DPS employee if the state agency could serve as a customer referral for a police agency in Israel, according to an email obtained by the Observer.
In a written statement, a PenLink spokesperson told the Observer their “open-source intelligence (OSINT) solutions are used to protect our communities from crime, threats, and cyber-attacks by providing seamless access to data that is publicly available. ...
Gibson said they spoke on the phone a few times, and that Faye never talked to him about committing violence against police or immigrants.
“I did not get that vibe from the guy,” Gibson said.
For our
@TexasObserver
/
@ArizCIR
investigation into border vigilantes + law enforcement, we requested an interview with
@CBP
.
They only agreed to talk on background.
We sent a list of questions, but they didn't reply before our deadline.
CBP just responded with a statement:
These are from 3:27 pm, but posting them now that my phone has more battery. Here’s Sammy, the student who was studying and writing a paper on the lawn:
I’m at the South Lawn on UT Austin’s campus. Students are sitting on the lawn, chanting, clapping. A professor read a poem she wrote.
State police in riot gear aren’t on the lawn anymore — although there are a couple drones buzzing overhead
Last month, TX gov. Greg Abbott designated Tren de Aragua, a transnational criminal organization with roots in a Venezuelan prison, as a foreign terrorist organization.
It appears that no other governor or state has ever taken this action 🧵
@lmcgaughy
wouldn’t they just….be legally required to just hire an outside contractor with the appropriate tech for redactions? Instead of saying “oops sorry can’t give you the footage” ? That’s wild
For
@News21
,
@hemrylarson
and I reported on The National Association of Christian Lawmakers.
The group's goal is to change the social fabric of the country, and return the US to what they say are its Judeo-Christian origins.
Per
@SeamusHughes
reporting on Faye:
"Authorities say Paul Faye wanted to bring explosives and weapons to border", and was planning to join a NC militia in Eagle Pass on Jan. 20.
He was arrested for possession of an unregistered firearm.
@aappel2
@JoshShimkus
@HowardCenterASU
I couldn't be at
@IRE_NICAR
this week, but s/o to the organization that taught me how to file and organize FOIA/PIR requests for investigations.
I had to file 30+ for this investigation and it wouldn't have been possible to keep track without your tips. Thank you!!!
🚨 student journalists🚨
@TexasObserver
is hiring an intern next year from January to June to cover the
#txlege
. the intern will report to the great
@by_jmiller
it's mostly for undergrads, but grad students can apply too.
Initially, Gibson told me his group is not the NC Patriot Party, which was mentioned in a criminal complaint first reported by
@SeamusHughes
In a phone call after this story published, Gibson said Faye must have been referring to his group — the United Patriot Party of NC
.
@gannett
is trying to hire temporary workers to fill the jobs of striking Austin American-Statesman employees. Please stand in solidarity with
@statesman
journalists and don’t take these jobs.
You can support us by not clicking on
@statesman
sites or donating to our strike
for any reporters who are new to covering the New Apostolic Reformation, you should be reading and following
@FredClarkson
@TaylorMatthewD
(and lots of other brilliant ppl, but start with these two!)
Anyone left a little baffled about the New Apostolic Reformation after reading the NYT's story about Justice Alito flying the battle flag of the NAR, may find relief in A Reporters Guide to the New Apostolic Reformation, by André Gagné & me.
@RDispatches
Despite being a relatively new group,
@ChristLawmakers
has been busy reshaping America’s relationship with abortion, LGBTQ issues and religion.
But their ultimate goal – bridging the separation between church and state – is far more ambitious. 🧵
.
@TxDPS
regularly shares images of the immigrants officers arrest for trespassing.
In January, DPS encountered vigilantes trespassing in Maverick Cty w/ guns.
They even told police they didn't have permission to be there.
Officers didn't charge them.
Border Weekly Summary - Maverick County:
6/9 - 6/14:
@TxDPS
Troopers arrested a total of 131 illegal immigrants for criminal trespass. The groups included 80 males & 51 females from El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Venezuela, Peru, Colombia, Cuba, & the Dominican
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@TexasObserver
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