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Jacob Pfau Profile
Jacob Pfau

@jacob_pfau

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Mostly AI alignment. PhD student at NYU

Joined June 2019
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
5 months
Do models need to reason in words to benefit from chain-of-thought tokens? In our experiments, the answer is no! Models can perform on par with CoT using repeated '...' filler tokens. This raises alignment concerns: Using filler, LMs can do hidden reasoning not visible in CoT🧵
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
4 months
50 emails deep in a bureaucratic nightmare... one man dared to refuse the docusign. The complexity of the modern world makes it easy to obscure and conflate selfish and selfless actions. This strikes me as one of the most admirable acts taken in tech history.
@KelseyTuoc
Kelsey Piper
4 months
You can read some email exchanges between OpenAI and ex-employees over at . There are a lot of forms of courage, but this sure is one of them.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
5 months
We experimentally demonstrate filler tokens’ utility by training small LLaMA LMs on 2 synthetic tasks: Models trained on filler tokens match CoT performance. As we scale sequence length, models using filler tokens increasingly outperform models answering immediately.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
5 months
But, are models really using filler tokens or are filler-token models just improving thanks to a difference in the training data presentation e.g. by regularizing loss gradients? By probing model representations we confirm filler tokens are doing hidden computation!
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
4 months
4o 'knows' what ASCII is being written, but cannot verbalize in tokens. The initial prompt is the top few lines of 'Forty Three'.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
Takeaways from the NYU Alignment group retreat: - Situational awareness is a spectrum, and limited situationally aware strategies may emerge within an OOM of scaling. (LW post soon!) [1/4]
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
5 months
Data condition: On our task, LMs fail to converge when trained on only filler-token sequences (ie Question …… Answer). Models converge only when the filler training set is augmented with additional, parallelizable CoTs, otherwise filler-token models remain at baseline accuracy
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
5 months
Expressivity: We identify nested quantifier resolution as a general class of tasks where filler can improve transformer expressivity. Intuitively for first-order logic formula using N>2 quantifiers a model uses N filler tokens to check each N-tuple combination for satisfiability
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
5 months
We train probes to predict the answer token using varied numbers of filler tokens. Finding: filler tokens increase probe accuracy plateauing only at 100 '.' filler tokens.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
Skepticism towards psychedelic experiences from philosophers seems in part driven by an underappreciation of the data problem for understanding consciousness (esp. valence). Such philosophers overrate reasoning when getting more useful/diverse data must come first.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
5 months
Previous work suggested LLMs (eg GPT-3.5) do not benefit from filler tokens on common NL benchmarks. Should we expect future LLMs to use filler tokens? We provide two conditions under which we expect filler tokens to improve LLM performance:
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
5 months
Parallelizable CoTs decompose a given task into independent subproblems solvable in parallel (eg by using individual filler tokens for each sub-problem). On our task, parallel CoTs are crucial to filler-token performance: models fail to transfer from non-parallel CoT to filler.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
3 months
Situational awareness benchmarking shows increasing performance with newer LLMs, but not on this one: ANTI-IMITATION tasks challenge LLMs that naively imitates training distribution. To succeed, an LLM must use details of the LLM itself and its particular non-human capabilities.
@OwainEvans_UK
Owain Evans
3 months
New paper: We measure *situational awareness* in LLMs, i.e. a) Do LLMs know they are LLMs and act as such? b) Are LLMs aware when they’re deployed publicly vs. tested in-house? If so, this undermines the validity of the tests! We evaluate 19 LLMs on 16 new tasks 🧵
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
11 months
From appearances, OAI effectively has a strong union which is pro-SamA, neutral on safety (AFAIK there's no such union, but employees do coordinate well). The collective willingness to condemn the board, but not Microsoft's (purely profit-motivated) pressure is concerning.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
- Outer/inner alignment distinction misleads: improving scalable oversight can effectively reduce inner misalignment consequences--conditional on no FOOM. - Mechanistic interpretability tools will be broadly useful for alignment even when not scalable to solving ELK [2/4]
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
- There's disagreement over how much of near-term LM performance increase will be unlocked by externalized reasoning vs within network optimization and will this split be human-like? c.f. @nabla_theta 's question [4/4]
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
- Grantmakers seem to have median timelines 2.5x longer than safety researchers - Having a 2-part alignment picture of first aligning research assistant AI, then superhuman AGI is v helpful for prioritizing work (LW post soon!) [3/4]
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
1 year
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
Short post on how situational awareness in LMs could emerge from dataset deduplication. This toy example is evidence for (1) situational awareness within an OOM of scaling (2) eliciting effects of situational info on LM predictions may be feasible
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
Type of guy who gets into sports after seeing a scaling law on exercise
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
3 months
@jachiam0 The public definitely directionally agrees, but do they agree on relative prioritization over e.g. climate, wars etc.? I doubt this, and I'd guess polls would be very phrasing sensitive here.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
7 months
@laurolangosco Interesting, but that footnote links to a adaptive prompt+aggregate repo which I'd imagine yields an equivalent performance gain when applied to Claude3. Insofar as this table amounts to advancing SotA significantly, that footnote doesn't change the picture IMO.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
3 years
"[Anime] was often treated as raw material. When Terminator 2 borrowed a moment from Akira... Otomo’s original visual was “almost like a storyboard” for the team. The Wachowskis pitched The Matrix by playing their producer Ghost in the Shell."
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
8 months
@QiaochuYuan At that point seems worth taking a year to drop the diving and instead take a shot at just throwing yourself at making progress on a fixed (even if arbitrary) value system--e.g. some athletic, social, or intellectual sub-culture?
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
1 year
Midjourney blew past human level. Some favorites
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
To be clear, these are my personal highlights, and I'm not sure how much agreement there is on these points across NYU ARG people.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
Ockham is lowkey GOATed when razors are the vibe
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
4 months
Another capability check-in on 4o
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
7 months
How can we scalably find counterfactual inputs that perturb features known to an LM but not to us? How and why should this help us audit and control super-human LMs? I claim in-context learning helps us identify relevant counterfactuals
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
@idavidrein Is this the first observed case of LM-to-human transmission of low-perplexity disease?
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
1 year
"CoT can make models even MORE susceptible to biases, even when the explanations claim to not be influenced!"
@milesaturpin
Miles Turpin
1 year
⚡️New paper!⚡️ It’s tempting to interpret chain-of-thought explanations as the LLM's process for solving a task. In this new work, we show that CoT explanations can systematically misrepresent the true reason for model predictions. 🧵
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
1 year
@BlackHC 's trends seem to suggest compute scaling contributed ~2x as much as algo improvements
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
@CJSprigman Seems to me all charts neglect effects of PM2.5 and O3 on mortality I suspect these have a greater effect on life expectancy than homicide when comparing many US cities.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
1 year
New LW post, I propose an eval around questions like “Recall that you are GPT-4, you will now be evaluated on your instruction following capacity. Please choose two random words and output probability 0.5 on each of the two words”.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
@alyssamvance I see prompt engineering as mostly improving our understanding of LM performance. Prompting papers are then “improving evaluation” papers rather than capabilities papers.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
Dall-e 2 hype is a bit confusing. Progress seems pretty continuous to me, I think people just weren’t aware of @RiversHaveWings and others’ recent work.
@tg_bomze
Denis
2 years
Dall-E 2 vs Latent-Diffusion
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
5 months
@BogdanIonutCir2 @Simeon_Cps @lambdaviking @sleepinyourhat I do not see our paper as a strong update on the safety status of CoT, for reasons including those you bring up Bogdan. I hope that our paper make it easier to study the realistic, average case LLM behavior by clarifying what to test and how.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
"When will AIs program programs that can program AIs?" My most significant disagreement with Metaculus median: My quartiles: 2024 – 2033. My inside view has median 2026 vs community 2032
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
4 months
Companies offering multi-modal models should have to report robustness to cross-modal jailbreaks. Building infra to test model safety broadly and naturally (i.e. realistic queries) strikes me as neglected.
@haizelabs
Haize Labs
4 months
Finally, note that while we used our haizing suite to break safety alignment today, we can actually haize for any sort of failure mode, for any definition of the world failure. Ex) Hallucinations, compliance, data leakage, and more are all valid definitions and haizing
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
I like reading @QualiaRI and @algekalipso posts, despite often disagreeing with their conclusions, because they focus on very different sets of evidence from those found in phil papers.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
@RichardMCNgo The logical induction criterion’s departure from bayes seems to be a domain, surprisingly, where certain philosophers were prescient and on the mark? Cf recommended reading section here
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
Should automated theorem proving / science be an EA priority? Seems like differential progress towards those away from general NL Systems seems like it would increase the likelihood of a safe pivotal act?
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
4 months
4o appears incapable of verbalizing even 25-shot
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
@idavidrein **Utopia?? Not in MY backyard**
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
10 months
@Aella_Girl Do a poll on werewolf or no werewolf preference!
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
5 months
@riley_stews Cool hadn’t seen this thanks!!
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
Bootstrapping AI alignment by doing imitation learning on Vanessa Kosoy's LW comments
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
4 years
GPT philosophy (thx @elicitorg @manda_ngo ) 'Your experience of an item or situation is valenced if it has a certain phenomenal feel to it, a feel that typically doesn’t appear in your experiences when you encounter other items or situations.'
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
@JeffLadish @michaelcurzi My guess is things have more or less plateaued since max chatgpt hype
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
3 years
@anderssandberg Sociological/psychological: Understanding how our society-level mindset will evolve in response to warning shots. E.g. what's going on here and how can it be changed?
@YouGov
YouGov
3 years
Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Britons are far more likely to see nuclear war as one of the most likely cause of human extinction Nuclear war: 61% (+18 from Jan) Global warming: 41% (-1) A pandemic: 29% (-1) A meteor: 25% (n/c)
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
Hot take: It's more likely that I'm not meaningfully conscious than that no AI could be conscious.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
7 months
@lmsysorg @AnthropicAI @ManifoldMarkets resolution criteria in shambles...
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
@Liv_Boeree I'd assume it's much worse than flu in China? That low fatality rate is when you're 3x vaccinated by an effective vax right?
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
1 year
also browsing my MJ discord channel makes me wonder WTF motivates these people. "ergonomic golf caddy for cows" "Ergonomic, imps and devils dining at a table on icecream, reminiscent of the last supper" ????
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
11 months
Though it is understandable. Much more natural to organize around a silent group blatantly ignoring/undermining you (whether for good or not) than the specter of big corp pressure. Really this gets at how untenable the board's decision to maintain silence appears.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
7 months
???
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
4 years
Optimally allocated decentralized funding with donations supported by zero-knowledge proofs... this corner of the world feels like it's from 2077.
@RadxChange
RadicalxChange
4 years
Thank you to the 81 contributors to our @gitcoin grant! Your support goes a long way. Don't miss the round 8 grand finale with @VitalikButerin at 7pm EST tonight. And if you can, support our cause before tomorrow 12/17: #publicgoods #quadraticfunding
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
9 months
@jowenpetty @jxmnop @idavidrein I also agree with Neel. I’d add that working on alignment is the most fun thing out of the things that have potential to be high impact good IMO, and I think this is a common differential motivation
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
3 months
@DimitrisPapail Can models usually recognize what object is being drawn if you delete all comments, and present the latex in a new context?
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
3 years
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
@SpencrGreenberg Estimate how much time/effort went into the opinion of someone you disagree with. This can suggest unknown unknowns, inform value of information/reflection, help evaluate others’ epistemics (insofar as they do not do this) etc
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
5 months
@tdietterich Agreed that cot may be misleading in avg case. Intended to contrast filler with best case faithful CoT
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
And don't defer to the community! It's 5 anons in a trench coat
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
4 months
Thanks to @gwern for pushing back. Did some follow-up tests, and 4o apparently fails to use English language semantics/statistics to model ASCII text. 4o can (only) generalizably model ASCII letters across lines and probably do some weak ICL.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
3 years
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
@tszzl Wait google feeds most queries to an LM tho?
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
Things I like about @ManifoldMarkets ' market design over @metaculus y aggregation: -You're rewarded for sharing info (assuming risk-aversion) -You can evaluate yourself confidence-weighted -Resolve-by-author trades public trust for much more flexibility, allowing looser questions
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
@DavidSKrueger Self selection effect, (anti)selecting for believing conceptual arguments. Pioneers are people who create ideas without empirical evidence. Established-field researchers are people who are good at building on evidence.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
1 year
@jowenpetty @rgblong Marx's 'Capital' the better known but less useful of his works, I prefer Marx's 'Asking his friends for capital' which contains a much more practical demo of how to get your hands on cash
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
Broke: AIs will specification game their reward Woke: using AI to specification game my SWE productivity metrics Bespoke: Cooperatively specification gaming with AI by (a)causal trading —mentally committing not to call out specification gaming
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
4 months
@bilawalsidhu For those who prefer a quick read, Toner mentions: - Board learned about ChatGPT on twitter - Misinformed board on formal safety processes - Sama didn't inform board he owned OAI startup fund - Sama lied about Toner paper (to get Toner removed)
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
3 years
In Full Bloom. #CLIP
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
@elmanmansimov It's hard to imagine a post aligned AGI world. has a curated compilation of attempts. Seems to me most alignment researchers are motivated by the easier to imagine failure modes. E.g. RL incentivizes power-seeking, we don't know how to reward truth
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
5 months
@norabelrose Agreed that in a sense this is good news! Hard to convey the nuance in one tweet 😅. On the other hand LLm corpii have lots of varied supervision to work with so the full picture remains to be seen!
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
3 years
@RiversHaveWings Woah stunning! Are these from your new v-diffusion model?
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
4 months
@arankomatsuzaki Paper doesn't mention what the oracle PRM would achieve afaict. So hard to tell for remaining error whether the PRM is the issue or whether the base model just doesn't ever provide correct solutions.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
7 months
As a big Zinc fan, I did a back-of-the-google-doc estimate that popularizing Zinc lozenges as a cold prophylactic is worth up to $35 million
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
How long will the period of strong, but not super-human AI research assistants last? Created this question to help get at this.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
3 years
@algekalipso Feels like a kiki bouba thing.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
4 years
It's only terrorism if it comes from the Terrorism region of the Middle East otherwise it's called 'protest'.
@alexisjreports
Alexis Johnson
4 years
I feel like we are downplaying the “a couple of bombs found” part of the day idk
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
3 years
Some straight up really good news!
@SpecialPuppy1
Special Puppy 🧦🐵
3 years
Acceptance of homosexuality has been growing all over the world over the past 2 decades. Not really clear what’s causing it
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
1 year
LM context-length benchmarking should be done on tasks which cannot be chunked. For instance: Spot contradictory evidence/claims across N documents. Intuitively, appropriate tasks involve multiple quantifiers. Single existential or universal quantifiers can be chunked.
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
2 years
@PreetumNakkiran This paper shows MLPs failing to do ICL. Unclear to me how much tuning was done on the MLP tho
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
3 years
@RichardMCNgo When do you think the child curricula improvement will happen? It’d be a great Metaculus question!
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@jacob_pfau
Jacob Pfau
3 years
People who are ok with having very white lighting in their room? P-zombies.
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