Adam Wilkinson @cllrawilkinson Twitter profile

Last Seen Profiles

@iam_MBska

@bokeplokalmalam

@Pepe_Barezi

@HughJazzNews

@stwmaniax

@ItsMeHenning

@WashingtonPoint

@bokeplokalmalam

@luka_torihiki

@amienwqszx

@opabinia_2988

@antrenor35

@jhszn1

@Jasonmiller321

@Safia_Alsnaani

@Tiiolaine

@FemmeeV

@UniStavanger

@sha_kilin

@lyarora

@bokeplokalmalam

@Carolin_Hogaza

@Miller2Darren

@stw_pdg

@bokeplokalmalam

@stwmaniax

@hanaguro12

@nathalieguibert

@b1ckerstaf

@Himsiclee

@lovespace_ua

@MrBear4873

@tmr38z

@friedmanllp

@StrangesGG

@sell_a_door

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

I’m proud to be putting myself forward to be Labour’s next MP for Calder Valley. After four consecutive defeats we need a proven election winner who has the local knowledge and experience to deliver real change. Pledge your support or get in touch:

29

35

180

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

6 months

A huge thank you to the people of Sowerby Bridge for putting their trust in me for a 4th time with an increased majority of 1007. 🌹🗳️🎉

15

9

168

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

@LBC @IainDale “In the past”… yeah like 2 years ago in the past.

2

0

139

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

9 months

@SkyFootball Given every time in the Prem

5

0

99

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

2 months

@MichaelTakeMP You forgot Meghan Markle

2

88

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

5 months

Been out supporting our new parliamentary candidate @Kate_Dearden today in sunny Boothtown along with fellow councillors and activists. The message is clear that it is time for change and only Labour can deliver it.🌹

4

7

84

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

Huge congratulations to @JoshFG on being selected as Calder Valley candidate. Josh is a good friend and someone I have worked with for 10 years. He’ll make a great MP. I look forward to getting behind him and making a Labour government a reality.

7

4

72

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

5 months

A huge thanks to all who encouraged me to stand to be Labour’s PPC for Halifax. Sadly I have not been selected. I’ll still be spending the next few weeks fighting to get Labour back in power & will continue working for the benefit of the whole Calderdale community on the council.

18

0

69

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

5 months

So proud @Calderdale has been assessed as GOOD in all areas in our inspection of Children’s Services! Ofsted said: -leaders are ambitious & aspirational -we have skilled & committed social workers -children & families receive excellent targeted support Well done all our staff!

8

9

68

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

4 months

8 hours of campaigning in Illingworth & Mixenden today! 🌹 Lovely to be joined by @paulasherriff as well as @HollyLynch5 . ❤️ Vote for @Kate_Dearden on 4th July. 🗳️ #VoteLabour #labourdoorstep

2

9

55

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

4 months

Over 18 years I’ve been a @LabourParty activist and still never experienced a General Election win (joined early 2006). That finally changes in 19 days. Been out today for both our Calderdale candidates today - @JoshFG & @Kate_Dearden Bring on 4th July. #VoteLabour #Change

5

2

56

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

3 months

Out at 5am with this bunch to start our polling day operation. Let’s win this! 🌹

4

3

53

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

7 months

Im standing for re-election on 2nd May & out speaking to voters this morning. I’ve always tried to get out & speak to residents as much as I can, not just at election time. Please vote for me in this election if you live in Sowerby Bridge so I can continue to represent you.

3

7

49

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Delighted to have made the longlist in this selection and thankful for all the support of local members, trade unions and socialist societies received up to now. We need a fresh start for Calder Valley and someone with the experience and determination to deliver it.

4

10

44

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

I am proud to have been shortlisted for the Calder Valley selection though regret a number of local candidates did not make it through. I'll spend the coming weeks setting out a positive vision for Calder Valley & why I'm best placed to deliver it.

3

5

44

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Many former Tories coming over to Labour in Rastrick this autumnal morning. Calder Valley voters know it’s time for change! 🌹

1

4

28

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

9 months

Great to be out on the doors in the Beech Road area of Sowerby Bridge this morning with council colleagues. Please vote for me on 2 May to continue my work for our community. #labourdoorstep #VoteLabour

1

4

29

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

So grateful for the endorsement of the country’s largest trade union @unisontheunion As Calder Valley’s MP I would join Unison in backing the new deal for workers and fighting for a national care system. @unisonyh

UNISON Yorkshire & Humberside

@unisonyh

1 year

📢 @Adam4CV

0

2

5

1

8

28

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

I worked for Calder Valley's last Labour MP, the fantastic Chris McCafferty, assisting her influential work on women's rights & international development. I'm humbled that she now believes I'm the person best placed to represent Calder Valley in Parliament.

3

7

28

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

“U-turn on rail ticket office closures expected shortly”. What a win for the unions, campaigners and common sense. 👏

Plans to close rail ticket offices in England scrapped

The government tells train firms to ditch the controversial closures, sparking anger from rail bosses.

www.bbc.co.uk

1

8

30

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Following a visit to Ravenscliffe special school earlier in the week, it was good to catch up with Pete Ruse this morning who has done so much work in Calderdale improving the lives of children with special needs and disabilities.

1

25

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

4 months

Happy Father’s Day to all the dads.

0

28

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

6 months

Out campaigning in all weathers, because we don’t take your vote for granted! ☔️ #LabourDoorstep

1

24

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Incredibly grateful to have the backing of Mayor of Todmorden Tyler Hanley. Tyler is doing great work for Tod and knows that with my campaign experience, I can win and hold Calder Valley. Check out my campaign & pledge your support:

0

8

22

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

4 months

Today we came together to celebrate Ofsted’s judgement that we are GOOD in all areas of our Children’s Services department. I am so proud of the hard work of all our staff at @Calderdale Council. A huge thanks to every single one of them. #kindness #resilience

0

3

25

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

3 months

Lovely to hear our next Chancellor @RachelReevesMP mention Jayne Hill in her speech. She would have been ecstatic this evening. ❤️🌹

5

0

25

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

3 months

Part of Team Halifax campaigning in Ossett for the fabulous @JadeBotterill . Vote Labour today - polls open 7am-10pm🌹🗳️

1

5

24

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Delighted to have secured the nomination of Labour Movement For Europe. Post-Brexit we still need a strong and productive relationship with Europe to ensure prosperity and security in the UK. We cannot tackle the big global issues of the day in isolation. @labour4europe

1

5

20

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Ollie has stood for Labour as a young candidate in both Brighouse and Hipperholme and Lightcliffe, and now lives in Elland. He knows that I understand the importance of winning over voters in all parts of the valley if we are to turn Calder Valley red.

1

6

20

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

The challenges facing our education system go way beyond crumbling concrete - tight finances, SEND pressures, lack of mental health support… I’m grateful to the 50+ headteachers from across Calderdale that came to the town hall today to hear how we are tackling these issues.

0

5

21

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

4 months

Three teams out in Sowerby Bridge this evening canvassing for @Kate_Dearden . Less than 3 weeks now til polling day… it’s time for change! 🌹🗳️ #VoteLabour #LabourDoorstep

0

20

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

A friendly response on the doors of Rastrick this morning. Concerns about the NHS came up a number of times. People are desperate for change.

1

2

21

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

6 months

My third session of the day, supporting our PPC in Calder Valley @JoshFG . A great turnout in Brighouse ward where we hope to return a Labour councillor for the first time in over a decade.

2

21

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Good to be out on the doors in Brighouse and Rastrick wards today. Labour’s early years review and social care reform amongst the issues discussed. People desperate for a change of government! 🌹

1

2

19

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Out delivering leaflets to Calder Valley members in Hebden Bridge from 6.30am this morning. It’s that level of commitment and determination I’ll give to getting rid of the Tories.

1

0

19

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Very positive response on the doors in Hipperholme and Norwood Green this afternoon. A big Labour team out and joined by @JudithCummins MP. 🌹

0

3

20

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

I've worked in healthcare, education and for a charity. @CommunityUnion supports people working in all of these sectors and more. They know I understand the challenges their members face and that I will back a new deal for workers.

1

6

19

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Just had to miss half the encore of my favourite band at an excellent gig in Manchester to catch the last overcrowded train home (before 11pm) - this is how terrible the Northern public transport system is. Needs to be a priority for an incoming Labour government.

4

18

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

A great campaign session in sunny Rastrick just now. ☀️ Lots of positive conversations with Labours offer on education and the NHS coming up. 🌹

0

2

18

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

I won’t be an MP that spends all his time in Westminster. I've assisted flooded businesses, volunteered with community groups, organised litter picks & raised thousands for local charities. During the pandemic I delivered food to residents & did Covid testing at Ryburn school.

0

5

18

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

Proud to be supported by 4 socialist societies, 4 past Mayors of Todmorden, 3 unions, 2 Mayors of Hebden Royd, 1 Mayor of Calderdale, our last Labour MP & members across the constituency. We need a proven election winner to deliver change for Calder Valley. Vote for me tonight!

2

9

19

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

A team of us including @HollyLynch5 litterpicked in the Pye Nest area this afternoon whilst also going door to door speaking to residents to see if they had any issues to raise. A particularly big thanks to my son Henry for lending a hand again & even helping with door knocking!

0

4

16

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

The nomination of @UsdawUnion means a lot to me. I understand the real struggles some of their members are facing making ends meet, and the need for good pay and conditions for employees in the private sector. I will back Labour's new deal for workers as Calder Valley's next MP.

1

7

18

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

4 months

Out campaigning for @Kate_Dearden & @JoshFG today and yesterday. We are so close to a Labour government, but if we want change we all have to vote for it. 5 days to go! 🌹

1

17

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Astonishing that average weekly earnings are at the same level now as they were in 2008. Millions of young workers have never experienced a sustained increase in earnings.

0

11

18

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Elland member Tom knows that as Calder Valley's MP I would work for a fairer society and support local small businesses like his own, to boost the local economy and provide green sustainable jobs. Take a look at my priorities and pledge your own support:

1

9

15

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

Online votes are out! Proud to have the support of 4 past Mayors of Todmorden, 3 trade unions, 3 socialist societies, 2 Mayors of Hebden Royd, 1 Mayor of Calderdale, our last Labour MP & members across the constituency. Will you join me? Pledge support:

1

8

16

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

In parliament I've worked closely with the APPG for Population, Development & Reproductive Health and in Calderdale I helped establish a Fairtrade campaign group. Like LCID, I am committed to a world without poverty & injustice. I am grateful for their endorsement.

1

5

17

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

3 months

Amongst the bills in the Kings Speech, the New Deal for Working People becomes a reality through an Employment Rights Bill - the biggest upgrade to workers rights in a generation. 👏 Hats off to all the unions that have fought for this.

0

2

18

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

Really pleased to have been endorsed by @SME4LABOUR today. This is the SEVENTH endorsement that I have had from our socialist societies and trade unions. Having worked for an SME I know how important they are to our communities & our economy.

1

6

18

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

9 months

Great to be out speaking to voters in the Tuel Lane area of sunny Sowerby Bridge with @HollyLynch5 @DotFoster3 and others. A good response and a number of previously Tory voters coming over to Labour. #labourdoorstep #GeneralElectionNow #VoteLabour

4

2

16

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

I support @UsdawUnion in their call to make abuse or violence towards retail workers a stand-alone offence. ✍️ Sign their petition: .

1

5

15

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

A privilege to be at the launch of Calderdale's first Family Hub in Park ward this lunchtime. My own family have used the centre previously & with even more services and partner organisations now involved there I know it will make a real difference to the lives of local families.

0

2

17

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

I'm proud to be backed by local members, residents and those who have worked with me and represented Calder Valley over many years. It's this support that will help us win back the seat. Join dozens of local people by supporting my campaign here:

0

9

16

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

I’ve shown I can get things done for Calder Valley. In 2018, Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt wrote to me as Chair of our Joint Health Scrutiny Panel to agree with our verdict that hospital reconfiguration plans would not be in the interests of our area, saving our A&E departments.

2

7

15

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

As Cabinet Member for Children & Young People I know we urgently need childcare reform. Labour Campaign for Childcare Reform are at the forefront of our plans to create better life chances for children and better work choices for parents. I'm thankful for their endorsement.

1

4

13

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

To win the GE we need to speak to voters all year round, including in traditionally Tory areas such as Sharron's where I was campaigning at the weekend. As Calder Valley PPC I'll run a people powered campaign in every ward so we can not just win, but hold the seat in the future.

0

4

13

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Great to see Wainhouse Tower open as part of the councils Halifax Heritage Festival. One of the most spectacular and unique features of Sowerby Bridge ward.

2

1

13

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

I want to be a PPC and MP that represents the whole Labour movement, not just the party. I’m therefore grateful to have the support of a number of our trade unions and affiliate organisations.

0

3

12

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

10 months

@LUFC Has to be in top 5 players to ever play for Leeds, if not number one?

1

0

12

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

6 months

“One rule for Tory Ministers and one for everyone else”. Why does the ban on incinerator permits not apply to applications decided by local authorities? - a great question by Holly.

Holly Lynch

@HollyLynch5

6 months

Locally we’ve been raising concerns about a planned incinerator in Sowerby Bridge for years. The DEFRA Sec has made no secret that he is opposed to one in his constituency. His Department has now asked the EA to pause all permits, yet this doesn’t apply to Councils like ours:

6

9

31

1

4

13

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

10 months

I’m proud our council will now treat being care experienced as a protected characteristic. In these challenging times we remain committed to tackling inequalities & looking out for our most vulnerable.

Demonstrating our commitment to those leaving care

Calderdale Council has furthered its commitment to supporting young people leaving care, by recognising care experience as a protected characteristic. Calde

news.calderdale.gov.uk

1

0

13

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

5 months

@LewisDeighton17 It is a reasonable policy, but you making out it is “less than a quarter” is a bit disingenuous. Tickets for away games are virtually impossible for members to buy.

0

11

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

I’ve worked in our NHS & was Chair of the Scrutiny panel which rejected plans to downgrade our A&E departments. Pam cares for her husband who has dementia. She knows I understand the needs of our health service and that I’ll campaign for social care reform.

1

4

12

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

“I'm supporting Adam because he has experience working out of the bubble of politics and policy - in education, the NHS & the private sector. He can bring all communities of Calder Valley together: younger, older, homeowners and non-homeowners, upper & lower valley.”

0

7

12

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Angie is a trade union rep, former Mayor of Calderdale and our only councillor that both lives in, and represents, the lower valley. That needs to change! She knows I have what it takes to win over voters in all parts of the constituency.

0

7

11

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Picking up switchers on the doors in Rastrick ward this morning.

0

3

12

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

On the doors in Hipperholme and Lightcliffe today. Another area never previously knocked. As Calder Valley PPC I will ensure we are having conversations with voters in every area of the constituency all year round.

1

11

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

6 months

Joined by former Sowerby Bridge Councillor @davedraycott for some campaigning today. #LabourDoorstep

1

0

12

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Jayne is one of the most dedicated Labour people I’ve ever met - someone I’ve had the privilege to work with and a top friend. So deserved. 🌹❤️

Holly Lynch

@HollyLynch5

1 year

Happy birthday to the amazing @jaynehillmorley ! A member of my team who also received special recognition for all her years of service to @UKLabour at #LabourConference2023 Thank you Jayne 👏🏻👏🏻

11

10

57

0

12

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

7 months

At Elland Road with my lad for todays game against Millwall. Come on Leeds! #lufc

3

0

11

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

As Lead Member for Children & Young People I visit Calderdale schools regularly, but today I got to join a class with my own son Henry at @StMarysMillbank . There were some great examples of active learning that I’ll be taking away with me for extra activities at home.

1

0

11

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

8 months

Of all the issues facing schools & young people - SEND, exclusions, crumbling buildings, mental health & inadequate funding to name a few - this is just about the biggest non issue they could have tackled. Totally out of touch & no answers to the problems facing our children.

Gillian Keegan

@GillianKeegan

8 months

All the evidence shows mobile phones are bad for children's concentration, yet nearly one in three pupils report phones being used in lessons. So today, we're delivering on our promise to ban mobile phones in schools. My article 👇

981

81

210

0

6

11

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

I'm really grateful to have the support of last year's Mayor of Todmorden Liz Thorpe. Liz is a true community champion - working with Incredible Edible Todmorden, supporting refugees and volunteering at Cornholme & Portsmouth Old Library, as well as serving on the council.

0

4

9

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

To deliver climate action, fight poverty & repair our public services, we need a parliamentary candidate who is a proven election winner and has a track record of delivery locally. Read more about my priorities and pledge your support on my website:

0

3

10

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Great to join Labour friends at Halifax Pride at @ThePieceHall today. A wonderful atmosphere. #Pride2023

0

10

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

5 months

I am in the @SeneddWales today representing @LINK_ATM_Scheme meeting Members of the Welsh Assembly to discuss cash access & banking. You can come and see me in the marketplace anytime until around 3.45pm.

0

10

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

I served with Jayne for a number of years on Calderdale Council. She is the fourth past Mayor of Todmorden to endorse my campaign. "Adam has fought against discrimination and for LGBTQ rights since he was in school. I know as an MP he'll always fight for equality."

0

7

10

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Happy first birthday to People’s Park junior @parkrun 🏃‍♂️ 🎂

0

1

11

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Nice to be able to recognise the hard work and compassion of staff in our Childrens Assessment Team & Fostering Team at our monthly staff awards earlier this week. They do incredible work for @Calderdale Council keeping children safe and healthy. Its important to say thank you!

0

10

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

7 months

As Sowerby Bridge councillors we have again joined Holly Lynch MP in submitting an objection to the application for an incinerator at Belmont. You have until 1st April to object by emailing community-safety @calderdale .gov.uk

0

4

11

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

10 months

Brief stop off at Elland Road this afternoon. New year, same team… until the world stops going round! 🌎 #MOT #LUFC

0

9

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

“I was on Calderdale Council with Adam for 8 years and he campaigns more tirelessly than anyone I know. He has worked for a Labour government all his adult life and knows Calderdale inside out.”

0

5

10

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

📣🌹 Keep up to date with my campaign to be our Labour candidate for Calder Valley by liking my new Facebook page -

0

4

8

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

“Adam is someone who has broad appeal. He is a proven election winner who can win over voters here in Ryburn who have only voted Tory since 2010, and connect with people in all parts of Calder Valley. We need his experience to win in 2024.”

0

5

8

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

Over 200 doors knocked in Hipperholme and Lightcliffe ward this afternoon. ✊🌹🗳️

0

2

9

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

@GrahamSmyth That’s not even the best Leeds line up

7

1

10

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

9 months

A warm response out on the knocker in Sowerby Bridge ward this morning with ward colleagues. Many people wanting a general election as soon as possible. #labourdoorstep #GeneralElectionN0W

1

0

8

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

10 months

Not even pretending to care about the North now then?

2

5

10

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

11 months

Most British citizens will no longer be able to marry a foreign national & start a family in the UK. So many relationships will be torn apart & multi-national families like mine never started. We live in an increasingly globalised world. Love isnt confined by national boundaries.

1

2

10

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

In Calderdale we’ve been marking National Care Leavers week & have worked with our young people to refresh our care leavers promise. We’ll redouble our efforts to ensure all children and young people in Calderdale are healthy, safe and successful whatever their backgrounds.

0

3

9

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

6 months

Three sessions today in Sowerby Bridge and Illingworth. It’s clear that people in both wards have had enough of the Tories. Vote Labour this Thursday. 🌹🗳️

0

2

8

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

8 months

Excellent @climate_fresk training at Todmorden town hall this morning, explaining the science behind climate change and the big impact we can have as councillors. Feeling inspired. Much food for thought! 🌎🌳💡

0

9

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

7 months

@secondtierpod @RyanDilks1 @JustinPeach27 Ipswich have been scoring lucky winners deep into injury time all season

0

9

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

1 year

Great to be out door knocking in Brighouse this afternoon. People happy to see Labour out speaking to residents all year round. #LabourDoorstep

1

3

8

Adam Wilkinson

@cllrawilkinson

6 months

Canvassing in the Boggart Lane area of Sowerby Bridge today. Vote for me in this election as someone who will continue to work hard for local residents, keep fighting the incinerator and push for investment into Sowerby Bridge.