@CBPMarkMorgan
"The deployment of unidentified federal officers is particularly dangerous in a situation like that in Portland and elsewhere in America, because it could easily lead to right-wing militias’ impersonating legal authorities and kidnapping citizens."
Oregon just voted to legalize fourplexes in all areas of every large city, duplexes on almost every urban lot.
A historic achievement, first bill of its kind in US history.
Portland's council just unanimously approved new updates to its low-density zoning code, a fast follow-up on 2020's landmark vote to re-legalize 4plexes & mixed-income 6plexes citywide.
We didn't get everything right the first time around!
This project makes 6 great changes:
Why re-legalize
#FourFloorsAndCornerStores
? One reason is that there's not a ton of difference in energy use per person between a neighborhood that looks like this...
Uh so, as of today Washington looks on track to:
🏨allow 5-story apartment buildings within 3/4 mile of rail/BRT stops & 1/2 mile of frequent bus stops
🏢 within 1/4 mile, go bigger still
🏘️ allow 2 ADUs per residential lot
🏡🏡 allow all urban lots of 4,000sqft+ to split
@CBPMarkMorgan
"As former CIA counterintelligence analyst Aki Peritz notes, “All it takes is one of these similar-kitted out militiamen groups to start grabbing folks off the street as well...for there to be huge, possibly violent pushback...This hurts the police & the citizenry.”"
that's a transpo bureau that claims to be broke, removing a new bike lane
from a street designated years ago as a city bikeway
because it connects to the city's biggest destination for working-class jobs
without announcing the removal
Map by
@AEI
of areas no more than a 10min walk from at least 6 restaurants, coffee shops, grocery stores, hardware stores, and/or drugstores.
Apparently there are two ways for a Portland neighborhood to not have walkable retail:
1. be uniformly poor
2. be uniformly rich
This morning, after years of work by hundreds of Portlanders, 4plexes, mixed-income 6plexes, double ADUs, big group homes & backyard RVs became legal almost everywhere in town.
I got
@nbrhoodwrkshop
&
@alfred_twu
to help show what's likely to happen next.
If you'd like a fresh example of how zoning (a simple & fine idea) has become a micromanaging busybody that's accidentally tearing gashes in our civilization, here's one
(thread)
Ok, I got the data! Portland land use in 100 emojis:
🏢🏢🏢🏬🏬🏬🏪🏪🏪🏘️🏘️🏘️🏘️🏘️🏘️🏘️🏘️🏘️🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏠🏡🏡🏡🏡🏡🏡🏡🏡🏡🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🌲🌲🌲🌲🌲🌲🌲🌲🌲🌲🌲🌲🌲🌲🌲🌲🌲🏥🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️🛣️
Many folks think upzoning = more homes, therefore enough upzoning = enough homes.
As a zoning reformer, I'm sad to say this isn't how it goes.
This is wrong for the same reason 4plex legalization doesn't = immediate transformation of every low-density street.
(short thread)
Yes that's a bipartisan bill in WA, sponsored by the senate transpo chair, to make the most of public transit investments by
lifting the bans on mid-size apartment buildings within 3/4 mile of frequent transit
The numbers are in: 2023 was another year of exponential growth for parking reform.
18 more North American cities removed mandates, including Austin; Durham; Duluth; Charlottesville; Burlington; & 13 Oregon cities complying with new state rules.
🏡🚶🌲
Here's a real estate brokerage bragging that Portland's affordability mandate for new apartments is driving up rents & landlord profits by shielding landlords from new competition
i.e. from new buildings
But even in a rosy scenario, letting teenagers learn in otherwise empty college classrooms across the street SHOULD NOT REQUIRE AN EMERGENCY ACTION BY CITY COUNCIL or whatever.
It would be sort of cool if, for the next few weeks, you would email scooters
@wweek
.com every time you see someone do something potentially fatal with a car
See an e-scooter going the wrong way down a city street? Did you use one to flee the PDX traffic jams? Got a photo of people riding without helmets? Want to complain about them beeping all night outside your house? Send tips to scooters
@wweek
.com. 🛴
If you're OK w/ self-driving cars that don't stop for "jaywalkers" then you're OK w/ self-driving cars that don't stop for kids & pets who don't know the law
2) Fully legalizes cottage clusters.
I'm biased, I live in one myself! But til now, to build one you had to do a custom negotiation with bureaucrats & risk being dragged through court by nearby homeowners.
Few builders will risk that, so few exist.
House Bill 2001, Oregon's statewide legalization of missing-middle homes, just passed unanimously out of committee.
In larger cities & counties, legalizes duplexes on every low-density lot; legalizes triplexes, quads & cottage clusters in every zone.
Good morning, 2023. In urban & suburban Oregon, it's no longer illegal to create a home or a job; to reactivate an old vacant building; or to just depave part of your property
without having to provide more auto parking than you actually need.
1) Legalizes townhomes citywide.
You know townhomes from such classic cities as Baltimore and Paris. If you want to own a smaller lot that shares its structure with neighbors, you can - no need to rent to save $.
Our new code even lets them go "sideways" on midblock lots. Yuss.
For about $10,000, you can own it.
It can turn parking lots to villages, then back again.
It can go anywhere with you.
But our laws almost always ban the simple home on wheels.
Today Sightline asks: why?
👀
I hope this is a life-changing moment for the guy, and also that every media report mentions that his runoff opponent
@sarah2020
has faced the gas, including his, many nights
No law should require someone to pay for parking spaces they don't need.
Oregon just slashed parking requirements statewide. First state-level action of its kind in US history ❤️🌎🏘️
It took us 10 years, but we wrestled back this terrible decision and then kept pushing.
Today, Portland's city council unanimously voted to cut the last vestiges of mandatory auto parking from city code. 🎉🎉🎉
Portland's city council is about to unanimously amend its fourplex legalization to make it even better: a "deeper affordability" amendment to legalize mixed-income sixplexes on any lot in the city.
Unthinkable a few years ago. What a shift.
Final vote on package in a few weeks.
6) Sideways sixplexes.
Affordable housers have heard loud & clear from their buyers: apartment buildings shouldn't be our only option. 4-6plexes hitting price targets for at least 1/2 of homes will now be able to offer porches & private yards - including for ownership via condo.
3) Legalizes back-lot homes.
Many people dislike demolition of usable small homes. It's the No. 1 complaint every city hears about re-legalizing duplexes. Fair point!
So Portland just legalized backyard homes (bigger than ADUs) with a lot split option.
This is one of a million ways well-intentioned zoning rules have clogged the arteries of our society's common sense.
We've self-ossified. It stops us from helping each other out: quickly building publicly funded housing. Letting someone rent a parking space across the street.
This is sort of a crazy chart from
@OregonDEQ
that can be summed up as "detached housing seems to be bad for the environment by every metric we could think of"
As a former suburban development reporter, I feel qualified to say that “level of service” is the biggest mandatory-suburbanization policy you’ve never heard of
California finally gets rid of "level of service" -- a backward rule that counted any project that resulted in slower car trips as a negative for the environment.
4) Eliminates barriers to double ADUs.
Portland's old, tight ADU rules were written for a world where single-detached zoning was sacred. In our state it's now illegal.
Since that cat has now left the bag, we removed some rules that limit ADUs based on size of main house.
In 18 months, Portland streets could see the most dramatic change in public transit since the arrival of the streetcar. All it will take is gallons of red paint.
Good morning! It's a big day in Oregon as our state land use board prepares to vote on the largest cut to parking mandates in modern US history.
In state's 8 largest metros, mandatory auto parking would no longer be a meaningful barrier to homes & jobs.
Folks often say landlording isn't a real job but that's half wrong. It's hard & valuable.
The part that's not a real job is landOWNING.
The issue isn't property management. It's the rivers of unearned gold that flow to ALL landowners, including landlords, when homes are scarce.
For 100 years, apartment bans have been a powerful force for segregation & separation.
Portland has been starting to lift them - but depending on what happens Nov. 3, faux "historic" districts could step smoothly in as the new exclusionary zoning.
Portland city council just voted unanimously to:
1) fully fund its inclusionary housing policy
2) refocus the program on less expensive homes, for folks making about half the median income
Effect should (eventually) be a big uptick in mixed-income apartment buildings. 🎉🎉
5) Family-size 4plexes.
Our big 2020 concession to NIMBYs was the same as in Minneapolis & Vancouver: a tight cap on building size (aka floor area ratio).
Ours was a bit less tight & is now even less: 4 homes up to 1k sqft each on a standard lot.
Second and final section of this thread, and the the thing I didn't realize AT ALL about bus lanes until I did that presentation:
Bus lanes that double the *speed* of buses also double the *frequency* of buses.
7. Instead, starting one year from now, current plan is relocate the student body for 3 years to another high school a 19-minute drive (and a 56-minute bus journey) away
🤯
good thing schools don't face attendance or graduation challenges these days
What we need most is simplicity.
But that requires politicians & public employees to say "there are a lot of things we don't actually need to control," and it requires members of the public to back them up.
Here's a chart that permanently changed how I think about NYC metro.
Downtown Manhattan is at the left of the chart; further out is to the right. Up/down is number of homes in each ring of distance from city center.
Orange line is 1990, brown is 2012.
Good morning especially to the 37,000 households who'll one day sleep & laugh & kiss & watch TV in homes made possible by Oregon's new parking reform
The figure is 10% of
@GovTinaKotek
's 10-year housing target...
and that's in the Portland suburbs alone
Got many thoughts about my friend
@sarahforpdx
's heroic mayoral campaign, but the one to share here is:
She ran on one of the most ambitious platforms Portland has ever seen & with a 5-point loss, she gave us the city's closest mayoral finish since at least 1948.
You may have heard that Portland recently re-legalized 4plexes & other middle housing citywide.
But is anybody actually building them? And at what prices?
I'm in
@dwell
today with the answer.
I spent 5 years on a 4-person team trying to get the US to import 1 very simple idea (putting stuff between car & bike lanes).
It worked, after 40 years of prior attempts, because we star-spangled it & avoided mentioning it came from anywhere else.
5. Turns out that the city's "campus institutional" zone allows "colleges" but not "schools."
"A school is not identified as an accessory use to a college," the city planning spokesperson tells me.
(For the record, this situation is very not her fault; she's correct.)
@DeadmansPlayboy
We shouldn't prevent anyone from having a bigger or a detached home! There are lots of detached homes in the neighborhood pictured. People should get to choose home size & type. That's why we should allow homes of all sizes to exist.
Oregon’s statewide land use board declared its support Thursday for rules that, among other things, reduce or remove parking mandates in 61 jurisdictions in the state’s eight largest metro areas.
Vancouver council approved 7,899 housing units in 2020, with 52% of units approved being rentals, including social, supportive, purpose-built rental housing and laneways.
#vanpoli
#vanre
10 years of rapid homebuilding in LA would:
- bring down market rents 18%, which would
- let the federal voucher program house 24% more Angelenos
20x bigger benefit to subsidized housing than doubling LIHTC
so says this study via
@danbertolet
Apartment bans are a “huge entitlement program for the benefit of the most entitled residents,” writes a group of people you may have heard of, the editorial board of the New York Times.
Minneapolis’s re-legalization of triplexes “deserves wide emulation”
What happens when a small city like Fayetteville, Arkansas, makes commercial parking lots 100% optional?
They did - in 2015. I’m excited to share
@Citizen_Cate
’s latest, the first article I’m aware of to examine what’s happened since.
“The buildings I had identified as being perpetually and perhaps permanently unusable were very quickly purchased, redeveloped, and are in use right now”
6. Result: District concluded that because that because the zoning “could take years” to change, the college (at which many high school students have attended classes for years, it's one of the selling points of this high school) can't host the high school from 2024-27.
I can only assume that every other housing nerd in the western hemisphere also gets asked every few weeks why we don't retrofit empty office buildings for apartments.
Well, a bill getting its first hearing in Oregon tomorrow would actually help with that. But it needs help!
🧵
This is a brewing disaster for tenants across the US.
Starting to build more apartments now will be too late to prevent the disaster, but it could at least end it.
What a legislative session in WA.
Legal:
- 2-6plexes
- 2 ADUs (up to 1k sqft); fees cut, renter discrimination forbidden
- safer small 1-stair apartment buildings
Enviro review in comp plan, not at development
Design review must be clear & objective
Portland spent months analyzing the demolition-related displacement effects of its fourplex legalization proposal. Conclusion: it would reduce displacement by 28% citywide.
#MissingMiddleOR
Never been tear-gassed before, much less in the middle of a park-bench conversation about amendments to the Transportation System Plan
“It’s not even - well, it’s 10” said
@ambrown
, pulling out his phone.
A thing I didn't always realize about moving vehicles is that they don't just take up the space they seem to occupy.
They also essentially take up the space in front of them -- the faster they're moving, the more space they eat up.
The final & possibly most awesome thing about bus lanes is this: they make transit so much better that a virtuous cycle begins.
Quicker trips -> more riders -> more people wanting to live & work near bus lines -> more stuff near bus lines -> more bus love -> more bus lanes
/end
Sometimes, when enough people with enough power get pissed, something changes. Usually, what they get is a targeted carveout - a special exception.
A short term win, in exchange for even more complex rules in the long run.
Yesterday an organization you have probably heard of, the United Nations, said local apartment bans are cooking the climate & need to end.
Six annotated takeaways:
I'm obsessed with ending parking mandates because they're the least bad of the above to remove.
But you can see how hard the choices start to get after that!
4. UNfortunately (hey my sister and I used to play this game), the high school is in the IR zone and the community college is in the CI2 zone
wait, what
Share of homes in Portland with more than 2 bedrooms: 46%
Share of Portland households with more than 2 people: 32%
In Seattle it's 37%/26%.
Nationally it's 61%/39%.
We need to keep building some larger homes, but our main shortage is of smaller ones.
Maybe the single most important part of getting people to re-legalize
#MissingMiddle
homes is showing pictures of them: duplexes, triplexes, quads, ADUs, cottages, garden apartments.
That’s why I’m so proud to share
@Sightline
’s new free photo library:
In 2019, Oregon struck down 2 common local barriers to accessory dwellings:
- mandatory off-street parking spaces
- anti-renter discrimination
This didn't affect Portland, the state's biggest ADU builder, because it had already ended both.
For other cities, here's the effect:
@davereaboi
I don’t want to remove Lee’s statues because I despise any particular family. I want them gone because singling him out for honor today makes no sense in my country today.
Great news from Portland today: on most buildable lots, its Housing Bureau is proposing to fully fund its mandate that rental buildings be mixed-income
This should significantly boost construction of
a) apartments, and
b) below-market apartments
We’re headed for climate catastrophe partly cuz it’s a news story without a Selma bridge or 9/11 or immigrant toddler or Chaubin/Floyd video - the indelible, urgent images that change minds.
One exception: deadly heat waves.
So how do photo editors illustrate heat waves?
Welp.
Today,
@GovTinaKotek
signed this year's HB 2001, a fast-track omnibus package to address Oregon's long-term shortage of homes, especially lower-cost homes.
It's the biggest rewrite of state housing law since 1973, written to last til 2073.
But uh, what exactly does it do?
🧵
3. Fortunately, there's a community college campus right across the street. Many classrooms are available because the community college has gone heavily remote.
A really important recommendation in Portland's tentative equitable mobility plan: require employers to offer equal commute benefits to all their employees.
If your workers get free parking, you also gotta offer equivalent $$ to those who don't use it.
For the NYT's
#1619project
,
@KevinMKruse
explored how sprawl is in some ways a deliberate tool for segregating us by race.
But he didn't quite say *why* sprawl deepens segregation.
One of the main reasons: low-density life is expensive by design.