TGIF (almost!)
Join us tomorrow for a premarket call & I'll explain live what I look at daily-
...and why as a career market maker,
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...stay calm.
I found a treasure trove of coverage on the SPX whale's put spreads from last summer.
should I drop a master thread this weekend?
..need a ton of demand for this to justify the effort.
follow / like / retweet, and IF the interest is there
..it'll be epic.
per GS...
"While 2008 and 2020 brought us more volatility, Monday was historic in the sense that we've never seen the VIX move >40 points in one day, not even close."
My take...
We still haven't seen the VIX move >40 points in one day. Not even close.
What happened Monday was
SPX options are priced on a forward curve.
The underlying SPX value for a year out option is NOT THE SAME as the underlying SPX value for a 0DTE.
Right now you have around $230 between Sep24 and Sep25 - the futures settlements on the CME website give you a quick view of the
What if rising odds of a Fed rate cut aren't actually bullish because they could happen within the context of both a slowdown in the economy and disinflation, both of which could erode revenue and earnings? Something to consider. Certainly the bond market appears to be seeing it.
via JPM this week:
"With crowding in the Momentum factor in the 99.8%ile... such crowding episodes tend to be followed by an eventual and often sharp correction."
Friday we dropped into a very supportive gamma zone circa 5200 as
@optionsdepth
pointed out on their feed
Moving from neutral gamma to dense long gamma is a very very stabilizing thing for markets during a selloff
very
Suddenly,
dealers "WAKE UP"
...and start adding size to
If you believe, like I do, that this rally is overextended and at risk of selling off *soon* given the increasing tension building around rates & issuance, at ATHs...
then- skew is your friend here.
Vol & Skew this low is a sign that the market is not adequately hedged.
1/2
When a customer buys OTM calls and a dealer sells them
and the market RIPS *through* them
Once the dust settles, charm kicks in.
As the clock ticks the day away, the delta of that in the money call keeps climbing towards 100.
But dealers are short that call. (Short 100 delta)
What matters more than what you "think" should happen?
Positioning- along with mechanical and systematic flows.
Bookmark this thread!
Every mini case study we produce over time will be catalogued here.
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...fwiw this is not the takeaway from the Nomura notes-
@unusual_whales
has it backwards🤷♂️
SKEW exploded in April & retreated in May
BUT IS CLIMBING AGAIN
..demand for Puts over Calls reflects *increasing* levels of fear in markets
"crash risk" is making a comeback... 👀
Stock-market crash fears are fading, per MW.
Demand for “out-of-the-money” puts relative to “at-the-money” puts on the S&P 500, a measure known as “put skew,” has diminished after rising last month, according to data from Nomura’s Charlie McElligott.
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it's only fair to elucidate my views on Cem's calls
don't care for drama and I know everyone is busy
first my view as I spelled out on feed and in the note I send out:
July 3 to July 5 I ramped up the messaging that it was time to start hedging
why?
few reasons
1) same
Macro + Flows = 𝗖𝗿𝘂𝗺𝗯𝘀 🥐
@jam_croissant
is back with
@OJRenick
to share his latest notes on volatility, options flows, trading around the election, and more:
ty GS for a great weekend reminder:
VIX options open interest at this point in cycle (VIXPIRY Aug 21st) is at levels not seen since "the last big one"
Problem for dealers / the market?
..not enough underlying to hedge with...
VIX futures liquidity is at "worst ever" levels
Dealer Hedging Dynamics 5-Day Boot Camp is officially complete and going forward will be run once per month...
...OPEX Week🎯
Next one starts tomorrow night
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Done, finalized, cherry on
This- is SKEW.
To see how everything's related, let's go back a step.
think of GAMMA intuitively.
...cut through all the jargon, math and calculus for a second
and resist the urge to worship at the altar of precision
What is GAMMA?
"second derivative of price with respect
VIX call spreads can be attractive but honestly those probably work best when S&P skew is trash and dealers are swimming in downside gamma- since the VIX upside is probably overpriced in all but extreme situations-
Keep it simple right now, vol is cheap-
you get too creative
@VolSignals
So what are some practical ways to hedge a portfolio? VIX call spreads or SPX far OTM put spreads at different tenors? Seek to protect x% of your portfolio using 2 sd OTM puts assuming a 3sd move? Everyone says you should hedge, but don't tell you how. (mini-rant/rhetorical Qs)
Tired of hearing about CTAs?
If you're obsessing over SPX dealer gamma
but ignoring CTA thresholds
you're doing it wrong.
The second tweet explains this- but before you read on-
Consider: JPM's Global QDS desk estimates that CTAs account for 10% of total futures volume
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SPX... h/t GS→
SPX posted its worst week since Mar'23, yet the intraday moves were significantly more violent than close-close...
Goldman's View: "The move lower is in the latter innings & the risk of a squeeze is growing rapidly as we approach oversold conditions & an
More from 2024 Equity Volatility Outlooks...
"New lows in volatility: Equity volatility is at 5-year lows, only the 17th percentile in a 20-year range. The end of Fed tightening cycles often results in periods of very low volatility.
These tend to give way to a much more
Sell a cab, drive a cab
Brutal start to '24 for this short SPX 0DTE manager
...what advantage could there be to selling spreads like this at 0.10-0.15?
risking 125-1 losses..
when there are much more attractive, premium-intensive structures upon which to build your approach?
Tomorrow my son graduates Kindergarten🥳
The teachers gave each child a personalized award—
& told stories
about what makes them so special.
My son pulled his award from his backpack tonight💗
...and gave it to me.🥲
I wonder sometimes, how this world fits his heart🫠
the suspense is killing me
let's get this over with
if anything I've posted has helped you >>
retweet & get me over the 10k mark already
bonus points if you screenshot, q/t or post in comments the comment or tweet most helpful to you
appreciate you🥂
rest up tonight 👀
GS on CTAs?
. . .they triggered. 👀
the key level in ST was flagged as 5135 SPX on Friday-
which the index finished well through.
If SPX falls ~3% from 5130 over 1 month, expect $20bn of S&P futures for sale
and $42bn for sale if the index falls 7-8% from here.
With Powell out of the way and saying a whole lot of nothing-
...beware holding Friday options for NFP when CPI is the big game.
—and critically:
CPI is 3/12
👀Opex is 3/15 . . .
Quarterly positions will be 2.5 - 3DTE when CPI is released.
The "event vol" crush *could* have
sell the rips 🎯
...now watch for CTAs, round 2
If we trigger again, expect fireworks and range expansion to the downside...
Need to understand the flows taking the wheel here...
-it's not small-lot flow from Twitter traders
TL/DR from last night's note-
Trader's Market.. but need to know:
✓ CTAs
✓ MM's longest strikes
✓ Charm & Vanna Flows: *Not always supportive...*
✓ Seasonality- Weakness behind us
Sign Up & read FREE
CTA triggers aren't close.... yet.
In his latest note, Nomura's McElligott called these systematic flows out for what they are-
"synthetic short gamma"
When we say the market is short or long gamma, we are describing an embedded feature of its behavior
Time to care about CTAs.
CTA flows are...
🎯conditional
🎯in the direction of trend
🎯 getting closer...
You should know where these SPX flows cluster & have a ballpark estimate of potential size-
Now's a good time to pay attention
...it's just like big neg GEX 👀
Which way will we go after tomorrow’s NFP?
Here’s a handy cheat sheet from a dealer hedging perspective:
At 8:29:59—
If futures are above ~5200… impulse is 👍
If futures are below 5200. . .
this is going to be an interesting sequence ahead-
elevated vol after a vol spike nobody seems to have a handle on...
combined with two key data points Tues & Wednesday...
taking us into serial Aug Opex on Friday...
with VIXpiry *next* week on August 21st...
before Jackson
per GS Futures...
"On Thursday's close, GS Strategists' framework projected $60bn+ of CTA demand over the coming 5 days (+$30bn in the US)."
that's two tailwinds now, for the Bulls (looking ahead into next week)
CTAs are buyers of equities in almost every scenario over the next 1 week, per GS-
but you can see clearly in the chart below that once this bidding is complete, they are back to representing a significant source of asymmetry in the market-
...a "sell skew"
h/t McElligott, the sell-side Rambo-
You can see how much “upside” we’ve been running into on the retrace.
A lot of this is near dated- and you’ve seen me talk about it or heard it in our premarket calls… but not all-
Now that we’ve “left” tails behind and run into this
One of those periods where *charm* and *vanna* flows are actually supportive, buybacks returned to market, and CTAs were net buyers after briefly trimming exposures mid-late April
GS modeling CTAs as buyers in all scenarios over the next week as we've reclaimed each horizon's thresholds and they have dry powder, having sold out of most of their US eq's exposure during the decline
be aware of the mechanics,
if only to be wary of the mechanics
We've arrived...
Today's the last day of trading for the SPX August AM contract.
Make sure if you're in this week's Dealer Hedging Dynamics Boot Camp, that you make today's premarket call...
we'll cover pinning at expiration, which is often misunderstood or misattributed- I
did you check Fintwit today to find out if options had any hand in today's selloff?
"probably something to do with 0DTE positioning, right?"
so you scroll through your feed and find the gamma guys- let's see what they're saying
hmm...okay.
any other guys out there seem to
..you get it yet?
it does matter
it's not rocket science (well..)
If it's still Greek to you..
Friday morning before open I'll host a free voice chat to explain it all and answer Qs 🥂
>> Retweet & Sign-up <<
my read on yesterday is below⏩
JHEQX / JPM Hedged Equity
SPX Quarterly Put Spread Collar...
+39k MarQ'24 3800/4510 Put Spread ($33.73)
-39k MarQ'24 5015 Calls ($33.99)
Fund buys 15.7k of the DecQ (0DTE) 4515 Calls for $256.74
Total Trade
$7.5B delta for sale & ~$5.5M vega for sale
I think
@jam_croissant
may be right on a different point fairly soon
Recall he popularized the idea that "what worked last time, won't work this time"... so you tend to see flip/flop alternating behavior in markets where derivatives positioning is relevant
During the last
...fwiw this is not the takeaway from the Nomura notes-
@unusual_whales
has it backwards🤷♂️
SKEW exploded in April & retreated in May
BUT IS CLIMBING AGAIN
..demand for Puts over Calls reflects *increasing* levels of fear in markets
"crash risk" is making a comeback... 👀
JEPY
The Defiance ETF that sells SPX 0DTE at any IV, daily 👀
- they're going to grow.
- you're going to hear their name thrown around with words like "Volmageddon".
— ignore.
SPX cratered through their naked short Puts yesterday
...did they survive?
-130bps
one. point.
..you get it yet?
it does matter
it's not rocket science (well..)
If it's still Greek to you..
Friday morning before open I'll host a free voice chat to explain it all and answer Qs 🥂
>> Retweet & Sign-up <<
my read on yesterday is below⏩
$SPX
The systematic Iron Condor seller got run over yesterday.
🚨He seems to have doubled down in magnitudes never seen before 🚨
About 47k contracts expiring today 🤯
See it by yourself...
Yesterday:
Today:
Will he will this time?
Comment below ⬇️
Goldman flags big moves ahead..
"Our model suggests a 25% probability of +5% move in SPX over next 1m (options price 6% chance) or 24% chance of -5% move (options pricing 10% chance)"
Goldman's GS EQMOVE has been🎯 for a while
Macro & flows suggest volatility coming
per GS...
drop in gamma / pickup in vol has coincided with a drop in liquidity too
5d avg of top of book depth in e-minis has dropped to 9.4mm
helps to know the real gamma profile
when long gamma, dealers effectively provide "2-way markets" in ES minis (hedge asset)
VIX settled... and we are "unclenching" higher...
serious spot up/ vol up when it's not just FSV but actually VIX up SPX up
we are nearing the end of my "most diabolical path"
everything has knocked in, to some degree-
16 was my VIX level. Basing around 14-17
14 was strong
Looks like a less *sticky* dealer gamma backdrop today
"Room to run,"
. . .but how much?
Premarket call in ~50 minutes.
We'll talk about VIX Expiration,
as well as the large prints that went up yesterday in Oct and Nov downside SPX...
You should definitely be taking advantage of the Fourth of July “options clearance sale”
Own 60-90 dte vol here hedged…
-and between seasonality and near-certain electile-dysfunction, the odds are on your side.
Mid-July usually marks the seasonal nadir for index vol
GS: Dealers are long $5.5bn of SPX gamma which increases to $15bn on just a 1% move higher." Note gamma fades if we go even higher. The biggest "pain" for dealers is to kick this up a percent and hold it there for the shortened holidays week. Paying out massive theta checks and
...per Mike Wilson @ Morgan Stanley:
"Bear 🐻 markets are *mostly* about negative earnings trends ->
...depth & length of bear markets depends on trend in forward earnings
-> Has EPS troughed...?"
like this if you think we have smaller ranges than last week
retweet it if you think we have bigger ranges
articulate your rationale in the comments
I will comb through followers tonight to block those who don't obey
just kidding. probably
SPX options are priced on a forward curve.
The underlying SPX value for a year out option is NOT THE SAME as the underlying SPX value for a 0DTE.
Right now you have around $230 between Sep24 and Sep25 - the futures settlements on the CME website give you a quick view of the
cluster of support kicks in just south of 5550 in the 0DTE/ intraday positioning
reject the urge to consider today & friday a wash
We will soon be losing the passive buying of corporates (~week of 9/16) and moves like this (assuming today's range is not recovered for a tight
okay, sideways/tailwind case seems off the table now
markets mean business
next "supportive" level seems to be around 5550 from the GEX perspective
...but again, it looks like VOL is leading.
What positioning should you watch?
VIX 22 / 30 CS (customer long/dealer short)
Oct
per GS—
Feb is a very tricky month for risk assets, as cash stops making its way into the equity market- especially towards end of month
Feb is the 2nd worst month for the S&P since 1928 (Sep = worst)
The 2nd half of Feb is the worst 2 wk period of the year for the S&P 👀
...to be clear, "Water down a hill" is just my way of saying "path of least resistance"
This, plus the opposite (short Put), is largely implicated in the passive dealer hedging flows which have contributed to this rebound in record time.
know the flows
know the positions
..you get it yet?
it does matter
it's not rocket science (well..)
If it's still Greek to you..
Friday morning before open I'll host a free voice chat to explain it all and answer Qs 🥂
>> Retweet & Sign-up <<
my read on yesterday is below⏩
Quarterly expiries do see more inventory build as a lot of traditional vanilla hedging structures track end-of-quarter settlements (..the JPM Collar, for instance)
. . .but there's another 'less sexy' reason the numbers dwarf serials by comparison
Most of the manual trades-
"Options expiry tomorrow with $2.5 trillion in notional set to expire. This is slightly higher than the average May expiry, but well below some of the recent quarterly expiries we have seen."
not sure if you can tell...
but dealers are long boatloads of gamma in the SPX right now.
This trade can be self-fulfilling—
...as the hedging of this gamma keeps the index contained.
Let's look at some estimates-
1/n
Remember, FOMC weeks don't make for "trader's markets"
especially not the Monday & Tuesday prior to the "release"
Thursday seems to rob Monday and Tuesday of their volatility.
this is insane, sad... an absolutely awful moment
the most awful thing about it?
it's that 'shocking' isn't one of the first words to come to mind
if there was ever a time to pray for this country,
this is it
if we can't draw the line here and say 'hold up- too far', we're in
💥...a lookback at last Summer's flows 🐳👀
[Bookmark this to catch the updates]
...we first began profiling the Whale's trades last year, the week after July OPEX💥
...stay calm.
I found a treasure trove of coverage on the SPX whale's put spreads from last summer.
should I drop a master thread this weekend?
..need a ton of demand for this to justify the effort.
follow / like / retweet, and IF the interest is there
..it'll be epic.
speaking of JPM
Here's your collar...
Nov29th 4460 / 5300 Put Spread
vs
Nov29th 5885 Call
"EVX 4460 5300 5885 PS Collar"
Fund buys put spread, sells call...
roughly a -42d structure
approximately flat premium ($0.03 debit?)
Today, the Aug 30th 5565 Calls will expire-
as JHQTX (JHEQX's baby brother) opens a new hedge in SPXW Nov 29th
believe it or not, these two images say the same thing
@VolSignals
I think Natenberg, MacMillan, Bennett are great resources but for me Charles Cottle, another former MM, was the game changer for a deeper understanding of the game 👇
Dealer positioning in SPX is worsening as we head into Jan OPEX-
and dealer positioning in VIX Calls is notably strained (1%-ile, per Nomura's McElligott = *very* short)
Supportive positioning is evaporating / replaced with increasingly negative gamma. . .
4750 = 👀
Remember the "gamma unclench"?
Now, look 👀
Just a few days later
When you hear McElligott say that "time is not a bear's friend"
or
@jam_croissant
talk about how the window is closing-
that sharp vertical inflection right after SPX op-ex is exactly what should come to mind
Sunday night data dump.
...time for no context derivatives memesplaining.
new meme every 5 minutes.
will go until the folders are dry 👀
retweet the good ones
disclaimer: no offense
VIP Mentorship >> Registration ends tonight
Follow, like & retweet...
2 random free entries drawn at 9:00 PM ET
think: "GEX plus everything else about options"
How do volatility markets work, from the lens of a practitioner?
Flows and positions you need to be aware of in the
something notable about this time around-
very little evidence of customer sold options in front of FOMC tomorrow
often, you see dealers massively long gamma, partially owing to customers selling in FRONT of FOMC to buy BEHIND
not this time?
are we for real?
I don't seek argument-
I OWNED the fact that I misunderstood the George meme.
I then USED the George meme for dispersion only.
and now am just asking if that's still in play (cuz it seems like an important Q)
(because I never ran a dispersion book)
@willemijn_arjen
@jam_croissant
I don't even actually care if right or wrong I just want to know NOW if dispersion is still a force for grind up or if that's done
why is this so hard does everything have to be a fucking fight
Look at the setup in the SPX 🤔
The first thought you should have when you see a graph like this?
. . . "Call Wall"
Now- this one is a little more interesting since we have a concentration of customer-short options around 5245...
—but a quick shift into negative gamma
$SPX
🚨The Latest Market Makers' Gamma Exposure Heatmap is LIVE!
✅Here is a quick breakdown of today's environment:
0:00 Gamma heatmap overview
2:45 3D gamma surface
3:55 0DTE customer positioning
Make sure to share and comment if you enjoy this content 🙌
...kind of a wild day to have VIX hold 18-19 level for the whole day even as the SPX hovers around unchanged-
I'd expect vol to come in pretty hard into tomorrow's open but it's an opportunity in my view to pick up 30-60dte downside hedges (and maybe some < 14dte upside lottos)
Time to care about CTAs.
CTA flows are...
🎯conditional
🎯in the direction of trend
🎯 getting closer...
You should know where these SPX flows cluster & have a ballpark estimate of potential size-
Now's a good time to pay attention
...it's just like big neg GEX 👀
...strange thing about Powell's commentary.
He keeps saying "policy is restrictive"
Despite financial conditions- as measured by the Fed's own National Financial Conditions Index (NFCI)- not only "looser than average"...
...but easing since March of '23 🤔
Remember- positions are supportive up here through Tuesday, as CHARM goes.
But the support fades away if we selloff and if VOL spikes.
We’d see vanna influence probably inflect at the middle strike of JPM’s collar, and below it, not as much spot down vol up behavior
Good luck
Per GS...
"Gamma, this is new. S&P 500 index gamma is now long only ~740M, this is the smallest long position since November 1st. Gamma peaked at nearly $10B long at the end of the year. This was one of the largest two-day decline in gamma in our data set. This matters. The
tailwinds...
h/t BofA
"On Tuesday 3-Sep-2024 we see small S&P 500 buying from equity vol control strategies and CTAs"
With everyone *waiting* for Friday's data, the combination of dealer long Gamma + systematic buying may make for an overshoot of current SPX highs 🤷♂️
CTAs bound to trigger MT sell thresholds tomorrow unless this reverses
Know your domain
Not every vol pop is worth selling
Sorry to all who’ve been fucked by Seinfeld memes
per GS...
drop in gamma / pickup in vol has coincided with a drop in liquidity too
5d avg of top of book depth in e-minis has dropped to 9.4mm
helps to know the real gamma profile
when long gamma, dealers effectively provide "2-way markets" in ES minis (hedge asset)