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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

Important Welsh Artefacts in the British Museum. A very long thread. All images by the British Museum.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 year

This Early Bronze Age flint barbed and tanged arrowhead is from the Breach Farm hoard which contained 13 arrowheads of this type, this one of the most impressive. Image NMW. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

One of the most significant Late Medieval finds from Wales, the Oxwich Brooch dates to 1320-1340 and is decorated with three chalcedony cameos and two cabochon rubies, possibly of Parisian manufacture it was found in Oxwich Castle, Swansea. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

This Lower Palaeolithic Flint Handaxe dates from around 300,000 B.P. and is one of several found in the vicinity of Greenhithe in Kent. Image British Museum.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

One of my favourite artefacts, a Neolithic decorated flint macehead dating to 3000-2500BCE found at Maesmor, Corwen, Denbighshire. Image NMS/NMW. #neolithicnovember #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A treasure that should be returned to Wales, the Mold Cape dates to c.1900-1600BCE and was produced from a single ingot of gold, it was found in a stone lined grave within a burial mound.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A 13th century pottery jug found at Wharton Street, Cardiff it was produced at Ham Green on the river Avon north of Bristol. Image NMW. #medievalmonday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 year

Two nearly identical Roman harness studs dating from the 2nd century and decorated with millefiori enamel, one found at Chepstow (left) and the other at Usk. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Romano-British belt buckle and plate of Hawkes and Dunning type 1B dating to 350-450AD found at Pen-y-Corddyn-Mawr, Abergele. It is engraved with Peacocks, Fish and a Tree of Life which were part of early Christian iconography. Image NMW.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

The intricately carved Towie Ball is one of over 400 Neolithic stone balls that have been found, mostly in Aberdeenshire. Their purpose is unknown but one theory is that holding the stone gave the holder permission to speak. #findsfriday #neolithicnovember

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A medieval gold finger ring set with an uncut turquoise in the shape of a crescent moon found at Llanbadog Fawr, Monmouthshire. Image NMW. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A well preserved Early Bronze Age dagger dating to 2150-1950BC found alongside a male skeleton in a cist under Corston Beacon Round Barrow, Pembrokeshire. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

Neolithic Flint Macehead from Maesmawr, Corwen. Image from National Museums Scotland/National Museum Wales.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 year

A Late Iron Age copper alloy terret inlaid with opaque red glass, it dates from around 50-80CE and was found at Lesser Garth, Pentyrch. Image NMW. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

Written in Roman cursive and dating to 75-125 CE this wax tablet is the oldest surviving will in Britain and was found in Trawsfynydd, Gwynedd. #epigraphytuesday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A neolithic stone axehead dating to around 3000BC with part of the original wooden handle, found at Aberafan, Port Talbot. Image NMW.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

5 months

The length of time that humans have been present in Wales is truly mindboggling, for example, when the bout-coupé handaxe (Laugharne) on the left was made the Lower Palaeolithic handaxe (Rhossili) on the right was already around a quarter of a million years old. Images NRW.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Viking copper alloy sword guard decorated with zoomorphic knotwork and dating to 1100-1125CE found at Smalls Reef, Pembrokeshire.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

7 months

Brittonic bird cognates today

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 year

The words 'car' and 'horse' are doublets, both are ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós ("vehicle").

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

3 months

To coincide with the launch of Simon Phipps' 'Brutal Wales' here are 10 amazing Brutalist Buildings from Wales. 1. Cardiff Central Police Station (Image: Modern Mooch)

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 year

The development of the word "full" in some of the Indo-European languages.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Lower Palaeolithic stone handaxe fron Bontnewydd Cave, St Asaph, Denbighshire, contemporary with Neanderthal remains found at the site it is approximately 230,000 years old. Image NMW.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

The Caergwrle Bowl is made from shale decorated with gold leaf and dates to the late bronze age, it is believed to represent a ship, complete with waves, oars, shields and ophthalmoi. Image NMW.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

7 months

Some Brittonic tree cognates, all forms are in the singulative

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Roman ear ring made from gold wire and a pear shaped garnet found at Caerleon. Image NMW.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Late Bronze Age cauldron made from five layers of sheet copper alloy rivetted together found at Llyn Fawr, Rhondda Cynon Taf. The cauldron would have held around 50 liters of stew, enough to feed 100 people.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Romano-British hinged belt buckle and plate of found at Caerleon. It would originally have been covered in red enamel with yellow and white champlevé inlays. Image NMW. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

Two near perfect Early Bronze Age halberds found at Tonfannau, Gwynedd, they date to 2300-2150BCE and are made from Irish copper which was cast in Britain. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Late Iron Age royal blue glass bead with raised white spirals found at Llangurig, Powys. Image NMW.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

5 months

Brittonic days of the week

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

Five well preserved Late Iron Age socketed spearheads from Llyn Cerrig Bach, Ynys Môn/Anglesey where they had been deposited as votive offerings along with many other items. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Romano-British copper alloy disc brooch decorated with blue and yellow enamel found at Prysg Field, Caerleon. Image NMW.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

This copper alloy openwork brooch dates to the 8th or 9th century and was found in Nannerch, Flintshire, in design it is similar to objects found in the Galloway Hoard. Image National Museums Liverpool. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 month

Word initially Latin v /w/ became gw /ɡw/ in Welsh as seen in the following loanwords vacuus > gwag ("empty") vāgīna > gwain ("sheath") venēnum > gwenwyn ("poison") vīpera > gwiber ("adder") vīnum > gwin ("wine") vitrum > gwydr ("glass") viridis > gwyrdd ("green")

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Late Bronze Age iron sword with bone handle dating to around 700BC. Part of the Llyn Fawr hoard the iron has been laboriously hammered to make it look as if it's been cast in bronze. Image NMW.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

The Gnoll Stone is part of an 11th century wheel cross found near Branwen, Neath, it is decorated in an Irish style and human figures on crosses are rare in Wales. Image Swansea Museum. #medievalmonday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

5 months

How difficult is it to have systems that recognise diacriticics

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A 9th century Trewhiddle Style Sword with silver and niello decoration found at Builth Wells, Powys. Image British Museum. #medievalmonday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

One of four Middle Bronze Age armlets or bracelets found at Capel Isa, Manordeilo, Carmarthenshire, armlets of this type are unique to Wales with the only other example being from Maesmelan, Powys.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A hoard of Late Bronze Age axes found at Colwinston, Vale of Glamorgan, it includes one palstave, seven complete socketed axes and one partial socketed axe.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 year

The words for 'brother' in Welsh, English and Welsh Romany, and their developments.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Medieval bone chess piece decorated with a face found at Skenfrith Castle, Monmouthshire. Image NMW. #medievalmonday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 month

Celtic word of the day - god Welsh - duw Breton - doue Cornish - duw Irish - dia Gaelic - dia Manx - jee

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

The Raglan Ring is quite possibly the finest example of late medieval gold jewellery to be found in Wales. Dating to the 15th century it may have belonged to William Herbert, first Earl of Pembroke. Image NRW. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

An Early Bronze Age long necked beaker dating to 2250-2050BCE found in a burial cist in Llandaf, Cardiff alongside a bronze awl, a flint flake and a single inhumation. Even though it's broken this is by far my favourite beaker. Image NMW. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

4 months

Welsh 'brechdan' ("sandwich") is from Middle Irish 'brechtán' ("bread with butter") which is from Middle Irish 'brecht' (“variegated, multicolored”) which is cognate with Welsh 'brith' ("speckled, mottled").

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

An Early Medieval silver gilt penannular brooch decorated with gold filigree wire and blue glass inlays found at Newton Moor near Cowbridge, Vale of Glamorgan. Image NMW. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A 5th-6th century bucket made from yew staves an copper alloy bands found at Bryncir, Gwynedd, the interior and exterior of the bucket are covered in symbols. Image Storiel.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A medieval gilt bronze mount bearing the arms of Owain Glyndŵr as Prince of Wales found in the middle ward of Harlech Castle which was captured by his forces in 1404. Image NMW. #medievalmonday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 year

There are several Welsh animal words without a clear Indo-Europen origin that have been attributed to substrate languages these include gwennol (swallow), blaidd (wolf), llyg (shrew), hwch (sow), hydd (stag), gwyach (grebe), ystlum (bat), gwylan (gull) and hwyaden (duck).

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 year

Not quite as well preserved as the Nördlingen example but a broadly contemporary Middle Bronze Age sword found at Oystermouth, Swansea. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

The Burton Hoard was found in Burton, Wrexham in 2004 and dates to 1300-1150BC. It includes 2 bronze palstaves, 1 bronze chisel, 1 gold torc, 1 gold bracelet, 1 gold pendant, 4 gold beads, and 3 gold rings.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 months

Non-Celtic placenames in Wales recorded before 1715, many of those in the east are very old and date to before the Norman conquest of England.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

7 months

Some sound correspondences between Welsh and Irish

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A medieval gold finger ring inscribed with the words AVE MARIA GRA, and set with a reused Roman nicolo intaglio, found at Llanfaes, Anglesey. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 month

The classification of the Celtic languages as per Joseph Eska (2017).

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Romano-British copper alloy plate brooch in the form of a pig or a boar inlaid with red, white and blue enamel found at Prysg Field, Caerleon. Image NMW.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A partial list of important items from Scotland in the British Museum. A very long thread. All images British Museum. #Archaeology

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 month

The Welsh word for "out" varies according to dialect, being 'allan' in the north and 'mas' in the south. Interestingly Cornish and Breton also use 'mes' and 'maez' respectively for "out" although these are parallel developments.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Late Iron Age copper alloy terret dating to around 50-80 CE found at Lesser Garth, Pentyrch.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Middle Palaeolithic bout-coupé handaxe dating to the MIS 3 interglacial between 59,000 and 41,000 years ago found at Coygan Cave, Laugharne, Pembrokeshire. Image NMW.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

Roman glass finger ring with spiral decoration and amber glass "setting" found at Bear House Field, Caerleon. Image National Museum Wales.

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@SPTomos

2 years

A Romano-British belt buckle and plate of Hawkes and Dunning type 1B dating to 350-450AD found at Pen-y-Corddyn-Mawr, Abergele. It is engraved with Peacocks, Fish and a Tree of Life which were part of early Christian iconography. Image NMW. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

The Naaboth's Vineyard Beaker, probably one of the best preserved beakers from Wales, was found in a cist in Llanharry, Rhondda Cynon Taf and dates to the Early Bronze Age. Image NMW.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

Early medieval silver 'cocked hat' sword pommel cap inlaid with garnets and dating to 600-650AD, found at Gresford, Wrexham. Image NMW.

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@SPTomos

2 years

An Early Bronze Age gold sun disk found at Banc Tynddol, Cwmystwyth, Ceredigion. Dating to 2450-2150BCE it is one of the oldest gold objects from Wales. Image NMW. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A 9th century gold and niello ring found in Llysfaen, Conwy and now in the V&A. Written on it are the letters ALHSTAᚾ (runic N), thought to refer to Bishop Alhstan of Sherborne who accompanied King Ecgberht of Wessex on his invasion of north Wales in 828.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

The Carausius Stone. A grave marker from Penmachno dating to the 5C or 6C. It says 'Carausius Hic Iacit In Hoc Congeries Lapidum', Carausius lies here in this heap of stones. The stone is also inscribed with a staurogram an early Christian symbol. Image RCAHMW. #epigraphytuesday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

10 months

A Middle Bronze Age gold armlet from the Capel Isaf hoard, Manordeilo. This type of armlet is unique to Wales with only 3 examples known, 2 from Capel Isaf and another from Maesmelan, New Radnor. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 month

Celtic word of the day - goat Welsh - gafr Breton - gavr Cornish - gaver Irish - gabhar Gaelic - gobhar Manx - goayr

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

A Late Bronze Age penannular ring dating to 1300-800BCE found at Cwm Cadnant, Ynys Môn. Made from solid gold inlayed with a silver alloy strip it was found with three copper ingots and a spatula like object. Image Oriel Môn. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 months

Celtic word of the day - book Welsh - llyfr Breton - levr Cornish - lyver Irish - leabhar Gaelic - leabhar Manx - lioar

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

An Early Medieval copper alloy mount in the shape of an axe blade found at Dinorben, it depicts a sitting forward facing man surrounded by zoomorphic creatures including snakes. Image NMW. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

5 months

One of the most significant Late Medieval finds from Wales, the Oxwich Brooch dates to 1320-1340 and is decorated with three chalcedony cameos and two cabochon rubies, possibly of Parisian manufacture it was found in Oxwich Castle, Swansea. #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

5 months

The Naaboth's Vineyard Beaker, probably one of the best preserved beakers from Wales, was found in a cist in Llanharry, Rhondda Cynon Taf and dates to the Early Bronze Age. Image NMW.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 year

Latin 'ct' regularly became 'th' in Welsh as seen in words like 'ffrwyth' ("fruit") from Latin 'frūctus', 'doeth' ("wise") from Latin 'doctus', 'bendith' ("blessing") from Latin 'benedictiō', 'traethawd' ("essay") from Latin 'tractātus' and 'llaeth' ("milk") from Latin 'lactis'.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

4 months

Some Welsh borrowings of Old and Middle English words that didn't survive into Modern English; aelwyd ("hearth), broc ("driftwood"), copa ("peak"), maip ("turnips"), moron ("carrots"), sicr ("certain"), ffwlbart ("polecat"), gris ("step"), saim ("grease"), twca ("cleaver")

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

1 year

Did you know that much of our outdoor heritage is out of bounds? For example, of the 36 scheduled hillforts in Gwynedd only 14 have comprehensive access and in Ceredigion, the situation is even worse with only 4 out of 49 fully open to the public. @Right_2Roam @jm0ses

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@SPTomos

2 months

Celtic word of the day - silver Welsh - arian Breton - arc'hant Cornish - arghans Irish - airgead Gaelic - airgead Manx - argid

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

2 years

Seeing as someone is denying the existence of Rome, here is one of my favourite Roman artefacts, a snake bracelet found at Dolaucothi, Carmarthenshire, the site of a major Roman gold mine.

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

6 months

English 'who', Welsh 'pwy' ("who") and Italian 'chi' ("who") may look very different but they are all descended from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís ("who").

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@SPTomos

2 years

A Medieval copper alloy figure of Christ from a cross found at Strata Florida Abbey, Ceredigion. #medievalmonday

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@SPTomos

2 years

Old English 'ǣled' ("fire") doesn't have any descendants in English and Scots but it was borrowed very early on into Common Brittonic and survives as Welsh 'aelwyd', Breton 'oaled' and Cornish 'oles', all meaning hearth.

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@SPTomos

6 months

Welsh - Buwch / Tarw / Llo Breton - Buoc'h / Tarv / Leue Cornish - Bugh / Tarow / Leugh Irish - Bó / Tarbh / Lao Gaelic - Bò / Tarbh / Laogh Manx - Booa / Taroo / Lheiy English - Cow / Bull / Calf Scots - Coo / Bull / Cauf

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

3 months

Five early medieval silver arm rings from Llanbedrgoch, Ynys Môn. They may be connected to the Viking Ingimundr who may have settled in the area after being expelled from Ireland in the year 902. (Image NMW) #findsfriday

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Siôn Pennant Tomos

@SPTomos

27 days

The Cornish word for country 'pow' as in 'Pow Sows' ("England") comes from Latin 'pāgus' ("district, province"), the Welsh equivalent 'pau' is obsolete but survives in the national anthem line 'tra môr yn fur i'r bur hoff bau'.

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@SPTomos

2 years

There is no tradition of handfasting in Wales nor does it appear in the Mabinogi, please do not use my tweets to promote your pseudo-history.

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@SPTomos

2 years

@KeithFrausto @photogregmartin @free_wales Wales will soon begin taxing second homes at 400% the nominal rate and there is talk of having a cap on the percentage of second homes in every community.

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@SPTomos

2 years

An Early Bronze Age short tanged flint dagger of Beaker type dating to 2250-2000BCE found at Swansea. While over 400 daggers of this type have been found they are centered around south-east England with only 5 examples from Wales. Image PAS. #findsfriday

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@SPTomos

2 years

An Iron Age bronze figurine of a boar found on Gower and now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Image Ashmolean.

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@SPTomos

2 years

This is page 141 of the St Chad Gospels, and on this page in the light brown script is one of the oldest texts written in Welsh. Dating to the 8th century it describes a land dispute between Tudfwlch ap Llywyd and Elgu ap Gelli. Image by The Chapter of Lichfield Cathedral.

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@SPTomos

1 year

An Early Bronze Age developed food vessel urn of Savory group B dating to 2100-1900BCE found inverted over cremated remains in a cist at Garn Wen Round Barrow, Lledrod, Ceredigion. Image NWM. #findsfriday

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@SPTomos

2 years

A Roman brooch in the shape of a scorpion found at Bangor, Gwynedd. Image Gwynedd Archaeological Trust. #findsfriday

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@SPTomos

2 years

A Romano-British copper alloy toggle dating to 50-100CE and inlayed with red enamel in a La Tène style found at Felin Fach, Powys. Image NMW. #findsfriday

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@SPTomos

2 years

@Johngodwyer1 When asked if he believed in fairies the Welsh poet T H Parry-Williams said "Dwi'm yn credu yn y tylwyth teg ond maen nhw'n bod" (I don't believe in the fairies but they exist).

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@SPTomos

2 years

Five early medieval silver arm rings from Llanbedrgoch, Ynys Môn/Anglesey. They may be connected to the Viking Ingimundr who may have settled in the area after being expelled from Ireland in AD902. #findsfriday

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@SPTomos

2 years

A Middle Bronze Age amulet made from a tooth of a Great White Shark found at Llanfaes, Vale of Glamorgan. Probably originating in southern Europe it had been handled for some time before being deposited as the edges are worn smooth. Image NMW. #findsfriday

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@SPTomos

5 months

Welsh 'awgrym' (suggestion) is a borrowing of Middle English 'augrym' (calculation) but ultimately it's from Arabic الخَوَارِزْمِيّ (al-ḵawārizmiyy) which also gives Modern English 'algorithm'.

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@SPTomos

2 years

The pattern stone from Bryn Celli Ddu Neolithic passage tomb dating to 3500-3000BC. Images National Museum Wales.

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