Research Associate
@CNS_Updates
. Rocket propulsion and radiological security (usually not at the same time). Opinions my own. Faves/RTs ≠ endorsements
No. Stop paying attention to Pro-Russian spam accounts like this. Everything about this is wrong, except that it's in Moscow (on the ring road, approximately 55.809 N, 37.839 E, the convoy is headed north).
1. The Sarmat is a silo-based missile and ISN'T EVEN IN SERVICE YET.
I'm honestly surprised that people expected the Ukrainian military to collapse so fast. They already had 8 years of experience fighting the Russian military and proxies. In previous engagements, Russian forces struggled enormously to remove entrenched Ukrainian troops.
You know who I feel sorry for in Saudi Arabia right now? The Air Defense Forces officer in charge of the short range air defenses at the Abqaiq oil facility. He'll be lucky to get out of this with his life.
1/7
The Iranian missile strike destroyed several buildings/structures at Ain Al Assad Airbase.
@planetlabs
has images from this morning that
@DaveSchmerler
analyzed.
A mystery munition first seen in Ukraine two weeks ago is an advanced countermeasure deployed by Russian Iskander-M ballistic missiles to evade air-defense systems. Story w/ analysis by
@CAT_UXO
and
@ArmsControlWonk
:
I think it's very unlikely that Moskva was carrying nuclear warheads.
However, if it was carrying nuclear warheads, two is probably the right number. 1/4
2/7 For the longest time, we'd wondered what these circular caps on bottom of the missile were for. Now we know: they're covers for penetration aid tubes.
During the terminal part of its flight, the Iskander-M can poop out up to six penetration aids. But what are they?
4/7 The Iskander-M PENAID does all three. The body's radar return adds clutter around the missile. The end of the PENAID has a flare to create a strong thermal signature. The interior of the PENAID has a radio transmitter to jam or spoof radars.
🇷🇺Today at 15:12 Moscow time, Sarmat, land-based intercontinental ballistic missile, was successfully launched from a silo at the Plesetsk state testing cosmodrome in Arkhangelsk Region.
New thread: Why did Abqaiq's air defenses fail?
First, updated maps of the air defense sites at Abqaiq. First one is April 2019 (the date of the image), the second is how forces were deployed as of this week.
This thread will by much more analysis, much less satellite imagery.
3. The entire point of mobile ICBMs is to move them out of target zones. Moscow is a GIANT TARGET ZONE.
Those vehicles are either doing parade prep or travelling to/from exercises. Based on location and direction, they might be headed to the 54th Guards Division in Teykovo.
Someone mentioned the 4D10 (the rocket engine in the R-27/SS-N-6) on Twitter.
The 4D10 is one of the reasons I got into rocket propulsion. It's also a ridiculously complex engine.
(I put this together in a hurry, so it's a bit short of pictures.)
On paper, the point air defenses at the Abqaiq oil processing facility are rather formidable... by 1995 standards, at least.
A battery of Shahine SAMs (French system from the early 1980's)
3 or 4 anti-aircraft gun sections, each with 2 twin 35mm cannons and a fire control unit
Today I learned that the Duga-1 over-the-horizon radar (the receiver station for which is near Chernobyl) was not considered entirely successful. Due to ionospheric interference in the polar regions (polar cap absorption?) it did not initially perform as expected. 1/4
3/7 Generally speaking, penetration aids (PENAIDs) can work three different ways: physically, as a decoy, using its radar return; thermally, using a flare to spoof heat-seeking weapons, and electronically, spoofing or jamming radars and electronics.
5/7 As
@CAT_UXO
noted, the GRAU index is 9B899. We've seen five different serial numbers, the highest being 2257, plus at least two more that we can't see the serial numbers of.
1/12 Continuing from the previous thread on Soviet nuclear turbojet research, I will now give a quick overview of Soviet nuclear ramjet research.
This thread is a bit longer, since the story is rather convoluted.
(Previous thread linked below)
@GeorgeWHerbert
@CherylRofer
@mgubrud
I dragged these up a year or so ago, looking for old Soviet nuclear aircraft propulsion research. The first is a "ring/coaxial" scheme (looks kind of like the US XNJ-140E), the second is a "shoulder yoke" scheme.
I'm guessing they're impractical (esp at cruise missile sizes)?
6/ Two companies are known to be involved in the 9B899. The Central Radiotechnical Research Institute named for A.I. Berg issued contracts during the mid-2010s, and the Stavropol Radio Factory "Signal" claims to have started production of the 9B899 in 2008.
@CAT_UXO
@EliotHiggins
Interestingly, it looks as if it was:
1) described in that forum post as 'secret'
2) purchased by a radio research lab
3) manufactured by a facility that also contracted to make electronic surveillance equipment around the same time
Here is something interesting. It looks like North Korea actually fired three rockets in the most recent test.
In the first picture, the first rocket is being launched, and three launch tubes still have their caps.
After the test (2nd & 3rd pics), only one tube appears unfired.
Behold, the ultimate TEL shenanigan: Object 829. A proposed TEL for the Temp-2S ICBM, it died fairly quickly after the design team at the Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology decided the vibrations of a tracked chassis might cause problems for the new missile.
Did we ever tell you about the time
@CNS_Updates
bought the turbopump from a Thor IRBM engine and made a teaching aid out of it? I don't think we did...
Operation IDLE HAWTHORNE
Status: Completed, pending write-up
Except that none of those systems were designed to intercept cruise missiles, and against aircraft-sized targets, the Shahine and Skyguard radars have a 20km detection range. Against smaller targets, like a drone or cruise missile, the detection range (& warning time) is shorter.
I hate to break it to you, but that's not a rocket and spacecraft anything. In 2021, it wasn't even occupied, as best I can tell.
It's this building (55.9247 N, 37.8226 E), next to the sausage factory and the hardware store.
The Russian Rocket and Spacecraft Scientific Center in Korolyov is on fire right now.
It’s the main analytical center of the Russian Space Agency (Russian NASA) Roskosmos.
2 strategic fires yesterday, 1 today.
Greeting from Ukraine?
4/7 The attackers knew this, and didn't waste cruise missiles on the air defense sites, as shown in post-strike
@planetlabs
images. Perhaps they flew drones into the radars, but either way, if the strike package arrived simultaneously, it would easily overwhelm Abqaiq's defenses.
4/4 However, that would raise the question of why they were running around with nuclear-armed missiles in peacetime. Which, again, I consider unlikely, though I am open to correction.
Many people, including
@ArmsControlWonk
& myself, have been monitoring this site. If Russia planned to re-use an old site to store nuclear weapons in Belarus, it makes the most sense, given its proximity to Belarus's only ballistic missile brigade. 1/10
If I recall correctly, the DPRK reportedly tested a new engine a few weeks ago, so
#2
makes sense. The second stage burn time on the first two HS-14 tests was crazy long, so it could benefit from a different engine.
7/7 Addendum: I only figured out the Shahine site using Sean O'Connor's 2013 SAM site file. Confirming it was a bit of a chore - the identity of the vehicles wasn't apparent until I saw this 2018 Google Earth image. The silhouettes of the radar antenna and launchers are obvious.
I see the ghost of the R-27 has returned to haunt us again.
"Ampulization," referring to the fueling & hermetically sealing of a ballistic missile at the factory, was a Soviet innovation, developed by the Makeev bureau & first used in the R-27 SLBM. 1/12
The DPRK statement has a little bombshell in it.
"It also ascertained the stability of the engine as well as of missile fuel ampoule that has been introduced for the first time."
"He also noted the military significance of turning all missile fuel systems into ampoules."
6/7 So, yeah, the Saudi military has some questions to answer, but at the same time, there wasn't a whole lot they could do, especially at the short-range end of the spectrum.
I'm not sure the nuclear SA-N-6s still exist (if they ever did), and removing a depth bomb from the magazine is probably an easy task. I suspect the SS-N-12s, however, are a pain to move around, and can understand the crew avoiding switching out missiles whenever possible.
5/7 Even if the air defenses did respond, they were short-handed - the south-eastern and south-western gun emplacements were empty.
And with old equipment defending a site well inside of Saudi Arabia, these probably weren't the RSADF's elite troops.
Aww yiss. The NK-15/NK-33 is easily my favorite turbopump. Not because it's good, mind you, but because it's batshit insane.
Six shafts, only two of which rotate at the same speed. One of the shafts isn't mechanically linked to the others and is drive by a hydraulic turbine...
1/17 I agree with this assessment. Nonetheless, since I am apparently a masochist, I geolocated all of the nuclear weapons storage sites active in Belarus during the 1980s.
I'm pretty sure there were 22 of them, though I am open to corrections.
At
@JamesMartinCNS
, we agree with
@ColinZwirko
that some of the footage released by North Korea is from the failed test on the morning of March 16 instead of the successful March 24 afternoon test.
The TEL's shadow matches a morning launch much better than an afternoon launch.
Poppity pop pop pop. Lockheed's MKV-L.
Nice example of small thruster pulsing. Many reaction control system (RCS) thrusters fire in pulses like this, rather than long burns.
No, this is not CGI. This terrifying little guy was built by Lockheed Martin to intercept and destroy ballistic missiles. The control is amazing. Credit: Lockheed Martin
According
@googlemaps
, there is a "traffic jam" at 3:15 in the morning on the road from Belgorod, Russia to the Ukrainian border. It starts *exactly* where we saw a Russian formation of armor and IFV/APCs show up yesterday.
Someone's on the move.
JUST IN: Pentagon has announced that it has tested a ground based cruise missile that went over 500 KM - that is, a weapon that had been banned under the INF treaty. Data from test will be used to inform future weapon development.
In his 2012 paper, Igor Sutyagin estimates that the Slava-class cruisers had 4 warheads assigned to them - 2 nuclear-armed SS-N-12 anti-ship missiles, 1 nuclear-armed SA-N-6 surface-to-air missile, and 1 nuclear depth bomb for the ship's helicopter.
1/ Was glad to help with this. Now that it’s out, I can give some explanations. I have the first nine tweets planned out. Then I’ll need to pause and write the rest
This thread might end up rather long. I apologize in advance.
'Missiles like these will start the war': North Korea tests showcase growing capability. Experts weigh in on what Thursday's tests show about the new missiles
Iran has a wide variety of missiles and drones in its arsenal. Too wide, perhaps.
Seriously, the rate at which Iran iterates different missile designs almost makes Soviet ICBM development look rational.
1/18 Okay. Now let's talk about what can be done to defend against this type of attack.
This is sort of pushing the limits of my knowledge, so please chime in if I miss something.
This looks... awful. NASA is underfunded as it is, and a lot of the other cuts directly or indirectly affect education and culture. We're pawning the underpinnings of our society to pay for a crippling addiction to military hardware.
White house proposes to eliminate NASA Office of Education, National Endowment for the Arts, 5 Earth Science Missions, NASA WFIRST, & Corporation for Public Broadcasting
10/7 The Patriot site to the southwest of Abqaiq is also apparently real. A
@planetlabs
image taken earlier today shows that it is occupied.
After dinner I'll start a new thread on the specific problems faced by the defending forces.
I've spent the past week learning how to use
@AGItweets
Astrogator and simulating the Iranian satellite launch. I'm pretty close now, most of the orbital elements are within 5% of the TLE data.
Still trying to figure out Target sequences, though.
I refuse to be part of your silent majority.
I have been trying to avoid tweeting on politics since the election, but someone (
@PaperMissiles
, I think?) said that now is the time to look beyond career and stand up for what we believe in.
I agree. 1/7
That's all. I will probably never use this information again, but thought I should share it.
I will not, however, be sharing the picture of a random naked dude standing on top of the radar unit. That picture will haunt me for the rest of my life. 4/4
@GeorgeWHerbert
@CherylRofer
@mgubrud
I dragged these up a year or so ago, looking for old Soviet nuclear aircraft propulsion research. The first is a "ring/coaxial" scheme (looks kind of like the US XNJ-140E), the second is a "shoulder yoke" scheme.
I'm guessing they're impractical (esp at cruise missile sizes)?
Not sure if anyone else has pointed it out yet, but Google has updated its imagery of Severodvinsk with pictures from May and June. These barges near the SLBM loading area look... familiar.
The Russian encampment is at 46.7627° N, 33.3847° E. The column of vehicles was headed southeast (away from the Kakhovka hydroelectric dam) on the R-47.
#OSINTatMIIS
#Ukraine
There are Russian forces camped out next to the R-47 in Nova Kakhovka. They've been pulling over civilian vehicles and checking them. A column of vehicles, including tanks, just passed through, heading towards Tavriis'k (and possibly Melitopol)
The CNS OSINT team has published its response to Ted Postol's article on the Hwasong-18. His analysis is flawed at a fundamental level.
Our team has spent weeks examining, analyzing, and modeling the Hwasong-18, and I have full confidence in our work.
This is why the US Navy's Phalanx close-in weapons system (CIWS) has a fully automatic mode (i.e. without a human in-the-loop) - because engagement times against sea-skimming missiles (which travel much faster than 75 m/s) are often a minute or less.
Was an exciting Monday in Koltsovo, Russia. There was an explosion at the Vector institute, home to an exceptional library of dangerous pathogens (including smallpox and ebola). The town's mayor notes that the affected room contained no biohazards.
Nothing to see here. Just the main liquid oxygen valve for an LR-79.
Waiting to get some high-temperature wire so I can rewire the heater unit and put it on display.
Apparently, other Duga installations did not transmit over the north pole to the same extent, and so did not suffer from this problem. In 1980, the Duga site near Komsomolsk-on-Amur detected ICBM test launches from Vandenburg. 2/4
Let's get some misconceptions out of the way:
-The Saudis are not incompetent
-Patriot is not useless
-The attackers were not merely "lucky"
-I am not actually air defense expert
Pavel points out that the satellite launched by Russia earlier this month is likely a small optical reconnaissance satellite, part of the Razbeg program. The orbital parameters for the launch agree with this.
So that satellite is likely unrelated to the current discussion.
The satellite launched on February 9, Cosmos-2575, is said to be a Razbeg small optical reconnaissance satellite. Sun-syncronous orbit suggests that it is. So, I very much doubt that it's about this one
I haven't seen any news about whether a test actually took place at Nyonoksa last week, but
@planetlabs
got some Skysat images of the test site over the weekend. It's active, and there has been some construction since last August.
Hmm. The front end of the tube looks DF-41-like (no Russian-style guidance interface), rear end looks Topol/Yars-like (no cover over the base extension).
Not sure what those pairs of loops on the tube are for (camo netting?)
If the first stage engine fails to ignite, the entire missile comes crashing down on the silo, with catastrophic results. This precise event happened during the first test launch of the SS-18 mod 5 in March 1986.
The resulting crater looks rather familiar...
9/7 Yup, that's definitely a Patriot battery to the east of Abqaiq. Looks like it was fairly empty on September 16, though.
(Aspect ratio on that Planet image might be weird, had to play with it in Powerpoint to get it to display right)
In the early-mid 1980s, NIIDAR worked to fix the problem at Duga-1, and in 1982 it could detect Space Shuttle launches from Cape Canaveral. I guess it still wasn't satisfactory, as work continued after that, and the site was offline at the time of the Chernobyl disaster. 3/4
14/18 This is the only test of this engine that we were ever shown, and it was made obsolete a year later when North Korea showed us its (probably RD-250-derived) March 18th engine.
Kim was so excited by the March 18th success that he started giving out piggy back rides.