Associate Professor of Research
@UniofHerts
; Convener
@OGOMProject
; Botanist & Gothicist: Vampires, Werewolves, Angels, Yōkai. Gothic Fairies, Wolf Children
WINTER FOLKLORE IN COSTUMES - A thread
Europe loves its folk festivals and Charles Fréger has lovingly photographed the most striking winter folk costumes - a delight to behold. Let me know your favourites & share your own!
1. Austria
SCHNABELPERTCHEN
Austrian Folklore figures with long beaks, equipped with a basket on their backs, large scissors, needle & thread & a broom. The Schnabelperchten make their way through town on the 5th of January, on the eve of Epiphany
#GothicFolklore
HUMANS ENCOUNTER FAIRIES IN FORESTS
1. Malevolent fairies enchant a peasant woman in a stunning painting by Yulia Litvinova. The fae are contemporary manifestations of Polevoi or Rusalka, dangerous inhabitants of forests & rivers
#GothicSpring
#WyrdWednesday
WINTER FOLK COSTUMES - A thread
Europe loves its folk festivals and Charles Fréger has lovingly photographed the most striking winter folk costumes - a delight to behold (with a nod to folk horror). Let me know your favourites & share your own!
#31daysofhalloween
1. Austria
CORPSE KEYS There are Victorian graves with doors to which only the corpse has the key. Mysterious fears of being buried alive led to doors being fitted already locked over (or at the front of) the grave after burial, the key left in the hand of the corpse inside
#FolkloreSunday
TIBETAN GHOST BEATING FESTIVAL at the Lama Temple or Yonghegong in Beijing China. The symbolic ritual involves wonderfully elaborate costumes & the beating away of spirits of troublesome
#ghosts
with sticks.
RUSSIAN FAIRIES enchant a peasant woman in a stunning painting by twentieth-century Russian artist Yulia Litvinova. The fey are possibly Polevoi or Rusalka, dangerous inhabitants of forests, fields, and rivers
#FolkloreGetsEvil
THE VAMPIRE RABBIT OF NEWCASTLE is a mysterious grotesque which has perched above the door of the historic Cathedral Buildings for over a hundred years; no one is quite sure why the fanged blood-sucking rabbit was created with the building in 1901
#WyrdWednesday
VAMPIRE POETRY 'Les Metamorphosis du Vampire' is one of 6 banned poems from Baudelaire's Les Fleurs Du Mal (1857). The ban was not lifted in France until 1949. The vampire speaks the decadent erotic line 'Impotent angels damn themselves for me' ooh!
#Gothtober
#31daysofhalloween
GOTHIC VALENTINES Mary Shelley is rumoured to have kept Percy Shelley's heart in a silken shroud, carrying it with her for years (his remains were in Rome). After she died the heart was found in her desk wrapped in his poems. It's hard to out goth that! 🎨Embalmed hearts
GHOST APPLES The beautiful & uncanny name for when freezing rain settles on the fruit & ices over creating a frozen coating. The apple defrosts before the ice does & the rotting apple falls out of the bottom leaving its gothic icy 'ghost' behind
#FolkloreThursday
THE VAMPIRE RABBIT OF NEWCASTLE to get you in the mood for the spooky season; this mysterious grotesque has perched on the historic Cathedral buildings for over a hundred years; no one is quite sure why the fanged blood-sucking rabbit was created with the building in 1901
VICTORIAN LOCKED GRAVES There are some graves with doors to which only the corpse has the key. Fear of being buried alive led to doors being fitted already locked over graves after burial, the key was in the hand of the corpse inside
#31DaysOfHalloween
THE BLACK VAMPYRE 1819 The first black
#vampire
, the first vampire story by an American writer and the first vampire anti-slavery narrative. You can read about this remarkable text in
@OGOMProject
forthcoming book on the Polidori , the Romantic Vampire and its progeny 2021
VAMPIRE POETRY Les Metamorphosis du Vampire is from Baudelaire's Les Fleurs Du Mal, 1857. The ban on the poem's publication was not lifted in France until 1949. The erotic
#vampire
poem contains the decadent line 'Impotent angels damn themselves for me'.
SCHNABELPERCHTEN Austrian Folklore figures with long beaks, a basket on their backs, large scissors, needle & thread & a broom. They make their way through town on the 5th of January, on the eve of Epiphany
#GothicAdvent
#WyrdWednesday
SCHNABELPERTCHEN
Austrian Folklore figures with long beaks, a basket on their backs, large scissors, needle & thread & a broom. You have to let them see how clean your house is when they make their way through town on the eve of Epiphany
#31daysofhalloween
#FolkloreSunday
RED HAIR is supposedly an indication of someone who is susceptible to becoming a VAMPIRE after death. The myth originates in oral tales from Poland, Russia, Germany Sweden etc. Image: Yankelevitch, 1895. Munch's red-haired Vampire, 1895 perpetuates the myth!
ENCOUNTERING FAIRIES Malevolent fairies enchant a peasant woman in a stunning painting by Yulia Litvinova. The fae are imaginative manifestations of Polevoi or Rusalka, dangerous mythological inhabitants of forests & rivers
#MythologyMonday
THE CROOKED FOREST (Krzywy Las) a mysterious grove of oddly-shaped curved pine trees located outside Nowe Czarnowo, West Pomerania, Poland. The spooky grove of 400 pines was planted around 1930; despite speculation, nobody knows what really happened to the trees
#GothicSpring
GRAVEYARD BATS. Inhabiting that liminal space between day & night, Bats have long been associated with graveyards; their relationship to the
#vampire
was sealed in 1733 when Buffon named the 'vampire bat'; inspiring gloriously dark symbols in Père Lachaise
#FolkoreThursday
VAMPIRE GRAVE A 300 year tomb in St Aidan's Church near St Helens is known locally as the
#Vampire
grave due to the folklore arising from its wonderfully gothic appearance. The tomb is distinguished by an engraving of a serpent encircling a memento mori skull
VICTORIAN LOCKED GRAVES There are some tombs with doors to which only the corpse has the key. Fear of being buried alive led to doors being fitted already locked after burial, the key left in the hand of the corpse inside!
#Gothtober
MAY DAY marks the Celtic festival of BELTANE; half way between the spring equinox and the summer solstice. The veil between our world and the shadow world will be extremely thin and it's exactly half way to Halloween🎨Rheam 1903
#GothicSpring
#FolkloreThursday
#MayDay2023
A canny pigeon has been helping itself to poppies placed on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the Australian War Memorial. Its fake poppy nest is built in an alcove beneath a stained glass window. An uncanny symbol of hope in a bleak world
#RemembranceDay
GREEN FATHER CHRISTMAS Coca-Cola popularised Red Santa in advertising in 1933; his red image is found earlier too in 1870s cartoons by Thomas Nast. Victorian Christmas cards in Europe show a green figure with Fir Cones, Spruce & Holly. Should he be green again?
#GothicAdvent
MAY DAY marks the Celtic festival of Beltane; half way between the spring equinox and the summer solstice. It is a time when the veil between our world and the shadow world is extremely thin and exactly half way to Halloween🎨Rheam, Fairy woods, 1903
#GothicSpring
GHOST APPLES The beautiful & uncanny name for when freezing rain settles on the fruit & ices over creating a frozen coating. The apple defrosts before the ice does & the rotting apple falls out of the bottom leaving its gothic icy 'ghost' behind!
TEA WITH A COCKATRICE Stunning 19thC Cockatrice teapot. A cockatrice is described in medieval bestiaries as hatched from a rooster's egg by a toad. It has a serpent's head & tail and the feet & wings of a Cockerel
#SuperstitionSat
HEKSENFLUIT or witch flute, fashioned from a rat's leg c.1890. In folklore there is a tradition of rat kings & demonic pipers whose flutes are made out of rat vertebrae; reminiscent of the Pied Piper myth🎨Czech Pied Piper dir. Jiri Barta, 1986
#GothicAdvent
#WyrdWednesday
VICTORIAN LOCKED GRAVES There are some graves with doors to which only the corpse has the key. Fear of being buried alive led to doors being fitted already locked over or at the front of the grave after burial, the key left in the hand of the corpse inside
#GothicNewWorlds
GOTHIC SEEDS Snapdragon seed heads resemble tiny skulls! They arrive just in time for October. Thrilled to have them in my garden (pic 1). Seed folklore extends to poppy and millet seeds, used in Eastern Europe as a preventative cure against vampires!
#31daysofhalloween
THE BLACK VAMPYRE 1819. The first black
#vampire
, the first vampire story by an American writer & the first vampire anti-slavery narrative. This remarkable text is discussed in
@OGOMProject
forthcoming book on 'Polidori: the Romantic Vampire and its Progeny'
VAMPIRES & SUNLIGHT - A Thread
There is no precedence in vampire folklore for the idea that vampires are destroyed by sunlight, this trait comes to us via film, namely F. W. Murnau's 'Nosferatu' in 1922.
ICELANDIC YULE CAT At Yuletide Icelandic parents warn children of the monstrous kitty of Nordic folklore, JÓLAKÖTTURINN. He can tell who's been naughty or nice. Bad children are warned they'll be sacrificed to the ravenous feline
#Caturday
#GothicAdvent
VICTORIAN LOCKED GRAVES There are some graves with doors to which only the corpse has the key. Fear of being buried alive led to doors being fitted already locked over or at the front of the grave after burial, the key left in the hand of the corpse inside!
#GothicAesthetics
JACQUES ROULET tried and convicted of being a
#werewolf
in France in 1598. Known as the 'Werewolf of Angers', he was sentenced to death aged 35. Witchcraft trials are well documented but not as many people know that folk were tried & executed as werewolves
#GothicSpring
MAY DAY marks the Celtic festival of Beltane; half way between the spring equinox and the summer solstice. It is a time when the veil between our world and the shadow world is extremely thin and exactly half way to Halloween🎨Rheam, Fairy woods, 1903
#FolkloreThursday
GREEN FATHER CHRISTMAS Coca-Cola popularised Red Santa in advertising in 1933; his red image is found earlier too in the 1870s in cartoons by Thomas Nast. Victorian Christmas cards in Europe show a green figure with Fir Cones, Spruce & Holly. Should he be green again?
WINTER FOLK COSTUMES
It's
#WinterSolstice
& Europe loves its folk festivals. The winter wild man explores animal/human boundaries & testifies to our need for myth. Charles Fréger's photographs of winter folk costumes are a delight (beginning with Croatia below)
#GothicAdvent
WINTER FOLKLORE IN COSTUMES lovingly photographed in Europe by Charles Fréger (Austria, Ireland & Croatia featured here)
#GothicAdvent
#FolkloreThursday
GRAVEYARD BATS Long associated with dusky graveyards & liminal spaces between night & day; their relationship to the
#vampire
was sealed in 1733 when Buffon named the 'vampire bat'; inspiring dark symbols in Père Lachaise Cemetery. Glorious images by J. Rydell
#MythologyMonday
GHOST APPLES The magical & uncanny name for when freezing rain settles on the fruit & ices over creating a frozen coating. The apple defrosts before the ice does & the rotting apple falls out of the bottom leaving its gothic icy 'ghost' behind!
MAY DAY marks the Celtic festival of Beltane; half way between the spring equinox and the summer solstice. It is a time of the year when the veil between our world and the shadow world is extremely thin and exactly half way to Halloween🎨Rheam, Fairy woods, 1903
#GothicSpring
GRAVEYARD BATS
#Bats
have long been associated with graveyards at dusk; in 1832 Darwin confirmed the existence of the 'vampire bat'; inspiring gloriously dark symbolism. Bats at Père Lachaise Cemetery; photos Allison Meier
#31daysofhalloween
SCOTLAND'S FAIRY COFFINS In 1836 in a rocky crag known as Arthur’s Seat, a little cave was found containing 17 tiny coffins, 4 inches long, inside were miniature wooden figures. They remain mysterious, associated with
#witchcraft
,
#fairy
funerals & mock burials
#WyrdWednesday
SPOOKY NETSUKE (根付) Exquisite miniature bat sculptures reflecting important aspects of Japanese
#folklore
; popular during the Edo period in Japan (1615–1868) and beyond they feature ghosts, bats, spirits & supernatural creatures
#31DaysofHalloween
Day 2
PSYCHIC VAMPIRE STORY
The Parasite is an 1894 novella by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle about a psychic
#vampire
Miss Penelosa, a small pale creature who practices mesmerism & the evil eye & transforms into a monstrous parasite who creeps into her victim’s form.
GRAVEYARD SCREAMER The Irish folkloric name for a barn owl is 'Scréachóg Reilige' or Graveyard Screamer! How wonderfully gothic. Love hearing their cry as the
#Autumn
nights draw in
#FolkloreSunday
#OwlishMonday
WEREWOLF WARNING The
#HarvestMoon
will bring increased activity from
#werewolves
. Compelled to leave their hunting grounds in the woods, they will make their way to open fields to prowl & howl at the moon. They may be found crossing roads & gardens. Farmers Beware!!
@OGOMProject
GOTHIC NATURE Tentacled ivy reclaims the dead at Highgate Cemetery; the
#Gothic
fusing of the living vines and the ancient tombs is beautifully dark and very evocative of transgressing boundaries between life and death, new and old worlds
#GothicNewWorlds
GOTHIC
#VALENTINES
Mary Shelley is rumoured to have kept Percy Shelley's heart in a silken shroud, carrying it with her for years (his remains were in Rome). After she died the heart was found in her desk wrapped in his poems. It's hard to out goth that!
🎨Embalmed hearts
FRENCH WEREWOLVES – A Thread
French
#werewolves
stand upright against a cemetery wall in this fascinating illustration 'Les Lupins' by Maurice Sand (1823-1889). I elaborate on the unsettling gothic history of French werewolves in this thread
A WERE-HEDGEHOG appears in a story recorded by the Brothers Grimm. A farmer's wife gives birth to a hedgehog boy (Hans or Jack) and they give him a nest of straw. He later rides off on a cockerel to find his fortune (images 1892)
#FairyTaleTuesday
THE VAMPIRE OF THE CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS Alexander Dumas, 1849. This unsettling gothic story is set in 1829; it's narrated by an aristocratic Polish girl who flees to a monastery in the mountains and finds herself amidst the disinterred bodies of suspected
#vampires
KRAMPUS CAT The wonderful feline version of Krampus, the horned Yuletide figure from Austro-Bavarian folklore has arrived early for
#caturday
& to remind you that 1st Dec marks the start of
#GothicAdvent
& Krampusnacht is December 5th
1.BRAM STOKER'S WEREWOLF NOTES - A thread
Stoker spent seven years researching
#Dracula
. He wrote copious handwritten notes on folkloric creatures including the werewolf, consulting Sabine-Baring Gould's The Book of
#Werewolves
, 1865
MATCH BOX BATS for
#Baturday
including vintage Japanese design & c. 1900 vampire bat.
#Bats
associated with darkness are ironically made the bringers of light!!
A PERYTON or winged stag shares the unicorn fountains at Linlithgow Palace in Scotland. It's wonderfully hybrid & can be fierce unlike the unicorn; it is said to cast a human shadow until it kills whereby it casts its own shadow (Borges)
#GothicSpring
ICELANDIC YULE CAT At Yuletide Icelandic parents warn children of the monstrous kitty of Nordic folklore, JÓLAKÖTTURINN. He can tell who's been naughty or nice. Bad children are warned they'll be sacrificed to the ravenous feline
#GothicAdvent
#Caturday
PONYHENGE a collection of discarded carousel ponies & rocking horses sitting nightmarishly in a field 14 miles west of Boston. Over the years, the collection has grown & will frequently rearrange into circles & rows. How did the first pony appear? No one knows
#WyrdWednesday
DARK BEAUTY No coward soul could live here. I was struck by the unsettlingly dark beauty of the Bronte family home & churchyard when I visited Howarth a few days ago.
SPOOKY NETSUKE (根付) Bat and Ghost
#Bat
These exquisite miniature sculptures have a long history & reflect important aspects of Japanese folklore. Popular during the Edo period in Japan; Animals, spirits & supernatural creatures are celebrated
#baturday
GHOST APPLES The beautiful & uncanny name for when freezing rain settles on the fruit & ices over creating a frozen coating. The apple defrosts before the ice does & the rotting apple falls out of the bottom leaving its gothic icy 'ghost' behind
#FolkloreThursday
ABRACADABRA A magical medieval spell used for banishing demons. The word should be written out on paper in an inverted triangle. One letter of the word is dropped with each line, until nothing is left; the idea is that evil fades along with the words
#FolkloreThursday
RED HAIR is supposedly an indication of someone who is susceptible to becoming a VAMPIRE after death and rising again as a revenant. In her Encyclopedia of Vampire Mythology, Bane claims the myth originates in oral tales from Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden
#mythologymonday
SAMURAI BATS are a thing in Japanese culture in images from the 1800s and I love them! Utagawa Kuniyoshi (歌川 國芳 1798-1861) was one of the great masters of the Japanese ukiyo-e style of woodblock prints and painting. Perfect for
#Baturday
which is also
#Halloween
!!
KRAMPUSNACHT is 5th Dec.
#KRAMPUS
is the horned Yuletide figure from Austro-Bavarian folklore, the dark other of the kindly St Nicholas, he kidnaps children rather than bringing them gifts
#GothicAdvent
#FolkloreThursday
SKINWALKER (yee naaldlooshiiwitch) In Native American Folklore, specifically Navajo culture, a Skinwalker is a witch or sorcerer who has the ability to shape-shift into a wolf, coyote, bird, or elk and thus 'walk' in their skins
#WyrdWednesday
#GothicSpring
SCOTLAND'S FAIRY COFFINS
In 1836 in a rocky crag known as Arthur’s Seat, a little cave was found containing 17 tiny coffins, 4 inches long, inside were miniature wooden figures. They remain mysterious, associated with witchcraft, fairy funerals & mock burials
#31daysofhalloween
LOST SOUL This vampiric demon is experiencing limbo, he's cast out of heaven or possibly confined to the underworld in this magnificent painting by Spanish artist Bartolomé Bermejo (1440 – 1501).
EARLY GOTHIC GREEN MAN in wonderful detail in Bamberg Cathedral, Germany (1200's AD). The Green Man is commonly depicted as a face which is made up of leaves. Branches or vines may sprout from the mouth. Both unsettling and wonderful!
#WyrdWednesday
HISTOIRE DES VAMPIRES 1820 is the work of French demonologist Jacques Simon Collin de Plancy. It includes historical tales of
#vampires
, spectres, succubi,
#werewolves
& all manner of undead creatures that feed on the essence of the living 🎨1820 French edition
MARI LYWD (Grey Mare/ Holy Mary). A Welsh skeletal horse - hard to out goth that for Yuletide!! A horse's skull atop a sack cloth; this wonderful figure accompanies groups of wassail-singers as they travel door-to-door
#GothicAdvent
VAMPIRE GRAVES show signs of disturbance that suggests a
#Vampire
is lying within according to folklore. Vampire hunters must look for deep holes around the headstones, sunken graves, crooked crosses & leaning tombstones
#31DaysofHalloween
GRAVEYARD BATS Long associated with dusky graveyards & liminal spaces between night & day; their relationship to the
#vampire
was sealed in 1733 when Buffon named the 'vampire bat'; inspiring dark symbols in Père Lachaise Cemetery. Glorious images J. Rydell, 2018
#MythologyMonday
CHRISTMAS VAMPIRE Callicantzaros is often uncannily referred to in English as the 'Christmas Vampire'. It's a demon confined to the underworld but it emerges for 12 days over the Christmas season from 25th Dec to 7th Jan 🎨Bartolomé Bermejo, limbo
#FairyTaleTuesday
#GothicAdvent
DED MOROZ or 'Grandfather Frost' predates Christianity as the Slavic wizard of winter. He brings presents to good children, often delivering them on New Year's Eve. Ded Moroz is sometimes accompanied by Snegurochka or Снегурочка, the 'Snow Maiden'
#GothicAdvent
#MythologyMonday
UNCANNY NEST A brave pigeon made a nest of fake poppies stolen from an Australian war memorial and she even built it over the spikes that are meant to prevent her nesting. An uncanny symbol of hope in a fake and unkind world!
#RemembranceDay
MAY DAY marks the Celtic festival of BELTANE; half way between the spring equinox and the summer solstice. The veil between our world and the shadow world will be extremely thin and it's exactly half way to Halloween🎨Rheam 1903
#GothicSpring
#MayDay2024
#WyrdWednesday
GOTHIC GARDENING Many Victorian graves were designed to be planted with symbolic flowers and would have been gardened and cared for by loved ones in the Victorian era. These were called 'cradle graves'; a few are being recreated in the present
#GothicSpring
#BotanicalGothic
IRISH VAMPIRE KING In Glenullin, is a tree which marks the grave of ABHARTACH, an ancient vampire. Slain with a Yew sword, he was buried upright with his feet towards the sky & a large stone cross & thorns were placed on the grave to hinder his return
#Gothtober
BECOMING A FEMALE WEREWOLF.
It is believed that when SEVEN girls succeed one another in one family that among them one is of necessity a WEREWOLF; young men are slow in seeking one of SEVEN sisters in marriage.
7 sisters werewolf myth popularised by Sabine Baring-Gould, 1865