Vanderbilt Psychologist. Author of "Clearing the Fog" (May 9, Little Brown Spark). Studies Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) and Long Covid. Christ Follower.
A common and terrifying fear in many people with
#LongCovid
is that their partner, unable to tolerate their illness, will leave them.
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
Lost in the discussions about "mild" cognitive changes in people with
#Longcovid
in the idea that for many, slight changes represent the difference between holding and losing a job, driving and crashing a car, turning off the oven and burning the house down.
@CIBScenter
Why is cognitive impairment is huge problem? Because it impacts functioning. Our patients "run" red lights, leave the stove on overnight, forget words during presentations, pay bills twice. What have you noticed?
#longcovid
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
I've seen many ICU survivors who look completely normal only to score 18/30 on a MOCA and to be utterly unable to draw a clock. As survivors of Covid-9 begin to flood your clinics, don't assume they are fine - they might not be. Ask and explore.
@ICU_Recovery
@DrMeganHoseyPhD
Huge numbers of Covid survivors are out of the workforce. One reason - cognitive impairment - e.g. problems following directions, sustaining attention, remembering details, prioritizing tasks, grasping concepts etc. How has cognitive impairment impacted your work?
@CIBScenter
It is hard to overestimate the impact of processing speed deficits. Unfortunately, these seem to be the primary difficulties we see in our Covid-19 long-haulers who can't think on their feet, can't respond to questions or requests, and cannot 'keep up.'
@CIBScenter
Lost in the discussions about "mild" cognitive changes in people with
#Longcovid
in the idea that for millions of people, slight changes represent the difference between holding/losing a job, driving /crashing a car, turning off the oven/burning the house down.
@WesElyMD
Cognitive impairment is a problem because it impacts functioning. Our patients "run" red lights, leave the stove on overnight, forget words during presentations, pay bills twice. What have you noticed?
#longcovid
@CIBScenter
Asking brain injured and cognitively impaired
#LongCovid
survivors to accurately fill out complicated disability paperwork to prove they are indeed cognitively impaired seems like a problem to me.
@CIBScenter
A reminder. Seeing a
#LongCovid
survivor display a bit of energy doesn't mean they don't grapple with fatigue, Seeing them smile broadly doesn't mean they aren't depressed, Seeing them engage lucidly doesn't mean they don't have cognitive deficits.
#empathy
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
At the end of the day, cognitive impairments that occur in people after
#LongCovid
reflect an "acquired brain injury" or "ABI" - these are brain injuries that don't have a "traumatic" (e.g. mechanical) cause but are injuries nonetheless. Know this term.
@CIBScenter
#abi
#SLP
New data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor:
The number of people with a disability dramatically increased & hit a new record of 34 million in June 2023.
#LongCovid
is a mass disabling event.
Cognitive impairment after
#COVID19
is often mild enough to escape detection but severe enough to create havoc at home and at work.
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
A reminder . . . in many cases, the term "brain damage" or "brain injury" is far more apt than "brain fog." Cognitive impairment in survivors of Covid is a serious concern.
#LongCovid
@CIBScenter
Medical
#PTSD
is far and away the most common form of PTSD that no one talks about. Few patients who have it know it and few doctors recognize it. And it impacts millions of people.
#LongCovid
@CIBScenter
#Trauma
@WesElyMD
In my experience, the signature "cognitive" injury in
#longcovid
is processing speed. Problems include difficulty following instructions, being very slow to respond, having problems making decisions, missing social cues
@CIBScenter
#clearingthefog
What are the effects of cognitive impairment in
#LongCovid
? Being scared to give a presentation because you can't think on your feet anymore, responding twice via email to questions you've already answered, forgetting the names of coworkers, feeling ashamed.
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
I've been on a dozen podcasts or so in the last 2 months and one of my main goals has been to help the public understand that cognitive impairment in
#LongCovid
is more brain injury than brain fog. The language we use is important . . . brain fog = brain injury.
@CIBScenter
When
@WesElyMD
and I started studying cognitive impairment in ICU survivors 20 years ago, experts were widely dismissive of the idea that cognitive impairment could result from critical illness. Let's not repeat this mistake with
#COVID19
.
@tmprowell
@CIBScenter
Among the cognitive difficulties we see in
#LongCovid
, processing speed deficits rise to the top - problems finding words, responding to questions quickly, reading social cues, making decisions rapidly. Processing speed problems can be hugely impairing and, for many, they are.
A new study out in the Lancet of people with
#LongCovid
. Key points: A) 88% reported cognitive deficits including word finding issues, cognitive slowing, problems processing. B) >40% reported changes in work status.
#SLP
#rehabilitation
#brainhealth
Once a woman came to see me at
@VUMC
for cognitive testing after ICU. She seemed fully "normal" (~100) till she showed me her previous IQ scores (~140s) proving that her post illness decline was profound. Don't be too quick to assume people are normal.
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
So often dismissed as "just brain fog", we're beginning to learn that for many, the cognitive challenges that occur in
#longcovid
are actually brain injuries - chronic and very traumatic challenges that are hard to endure.
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
#braininjury
The attention deficits we regularly see in many people with
#LongCovid
are devastating and incredibly disruptive, leading to an inability to focus, concentrate, and achieve goals, big and small. Think "brain injury" not "brain fog."
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
Executive dysfunction!!! A key concern in
#LongCovid
and one of the most common forms of impairment. Results in problems planning, an inability to finish tasks, failure to meet deadlines, disorganization.
@CIBScenter
#braininjury
I saw 8 Covid long haulers at our clinic today. Virtually all of them experienced problems in processing speed and executive functioning, while lacking an awareness of the severity of these problems.
#LongCovid
@CIBScenter
Friends. My book, "Clearing the Fog" is offically available today. Between its covers, I pray you'll find kindness and affirmation, patient stories that empower, practical strategies grounded in science and experience, and, perhaps most importantly, hope.
@WesElyMD
#longcovid
When medical providers hear the term "brain fog" they often shrug their shoulders but a "brain injury" diagnosis leads to action, as it should. Let's call it what if often is - a brain injury, not brain fog.
@CIBScenter
#PICS
#LongCovid
I've seen many ICU survivors who look completely normal only to score 18/30 on a MOCA and to be utterly unable to draw a clock. As survivors of Covid-9 begin to flood your clinics, don't assume they are fine - they might not be. Ask and explore.
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
#LongCovid
@thanh_neville
@thanh_neville
- I commend you for your tender heart and your deep empathy, which surely makes you a great physician. I'm sure it feels like it but you didn't lie - try to be kind to yourself during this hard season, you're doing the best you can and helping so many.
Hi Friends! Many of you are aware that I've written a book for patients with
#longcovid
and I'm announcing it here. It is available on May 9th. This empowering, hopeful, and practical guide provides a road map for navigating Long Covid.
@CIBScenter
Cognitive Impairment in survivors of
#LongCovid
: A 🧵. Before the pandemic, I worked with survivors of critical illness in clinical/research contexts at the
@CIBScenter
and
@ICU_Recovery
. Since 2020, I've focused on neuropsychological issues in
#LongCovid
. What have we learned?
I've been working clinically with patients for nearly 30 years and I've never received as many requests for help filing for disability than I have during this Covid-19 season.
#Longcovid
survivors have cognitive impairment and mental heath concerns that directly impact work.
Asking cognitively impaired people to fill out complicated paperwork in order to prove they are cognitively impaired doesn't make a lot of sense to me.
#LongCovid
@CIBScenter
#disability
A question for
#LongCovid
survivors. What are the outcomes that researchers should be assessing? What are the symptoms we should be studying? Are what outcomes are we studying that don't particularly matter to you?
@CIBScenter
One of the most disruptive brain injuries I see in
#longcovid
survivors involves processing speed. Their brains are overwhelmed by a lot of information, they struggle to respond to questions quickly, they find that comprehending instructions takes so very long time.
@CIBScenter
If you've been in the trenches with
#LongCovid
patients, you'll know that this syndrome is a massive public health emergency that derails lives, ends careers, and dashes hopes. We need an Operation War Speed for Long Covid.
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
What is cognitive impairment in people with
#longcovid
? More brain injury than brain fog. A key point . . . even when impairment is mild, the consequences are often severe.
@CIBScenter
I can't prove it but my guess that medical trauma may be the cause of more cases of PTSD than virtually any other trauma. And yet it is rarely (almost never) explored or discussed.
@CIBScenter
We published our first paper on cognitive impairment in ICU survivors in 2003. I remember how skeptical people were (experts were) of the idea that people could suffer cognitive decline after being critically ill. Let's not repeat this mistake.
#LongCovid
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
In new research,
#longcovid
is associated with problems regulating and inhibiting emotions (our patients report this regularly) AND with reduced oxygen uptake in the brain while engaged in cognitive tasks.
@CIBScenter
Cognitive impairment has consequences in the "real world." it has consequences. Forgetting to pay bills, problems driving, errors managing medications, struggling with technology, not reading social cues, not meeting deadlines, underperforming at work.
#rehabilitation
#longcovid
Thanks
#NPR
for giving me a chance to talk about brain injuries in
#longcovid
. Inattention, slow processing speed, executive dysfunction, and memory deficits form a toxic cocktail that derails functioning at home, at school, at work.
@CIBScenter
#rehab
20 years ago, in the early days of our work with ICU survivors, many experts insisted that having sepsis, ARDS, etc had NO long term impact on cognitive functioning. Patients were rebuffed and felt "crazy." Let's not repeat these errors with
#longcovid
.
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
Two disability letters written and it's only early in the afternoon . . . I've written more letters for patients with
#disability
due to
#LongCovid
in the last year than in the previous 25 years combined.
@CIBScenter
One of the more alarming outcomes I have seen in people with
#LongCovid
is the onset of stuttering in patients with no previous dysfluency. This leads to isolation, shame, and problems communicating. Have others seen this?
#slp
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
Cognitively impaired
#covid
survivors don't wear a sign that says "my brain doesn't work right" but, often, that's the truth of the matter. A close inspection often reveals subtle challenges - problems planning, organizing, staying on top of things as well as before.
@CIBScenter
So often I see patients in our clinic who are thoughtful, engaged, neatly dressed and even polished AND on a simple screening test, they are very cognitively impaired. Look below the surface, identify problems, and give people the help they need.
@CIBScenter
#LongCovid
@WesElyMD
I've seen many
#Covid
survivors who look completely normal only to score 18/30 on a MOCA and to be utterly unable to draw a clock. As survivors of Covid-19 continue to flood your clinics, don't assume they are fine - they might not be. Ask and explore.
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
Cognitive impairment in people with
#LongCovid
is often unrecognized. That does NOT mean it doesn't exist. As many as 1 in 3 people with long covid have significant cognitive impairment.
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
My clinical experience with Covid-19 survivors is that some with a profound illness course are quite fine and some with a much milder illness course are thoroughly devastated. Others have expected outcomes. May we one day unravel these mysteries of resilience and vulnerability.
Cognitive impairment is one of the signature features of
#longcovid
. Problems are pervasive in domains of attention, executive functioning, processing speed, and - sometimes - memory. Always ask about
#brain
functioning in your Long Covid survivors.
@CIBScenter
A month into our "cognitive skills" group for Covid-19 long haulers. Observations: 1) Their cognitive complaints are very significant. 2) They've lost jobs/been demoted/applied for disability 3) None have seen a neuropsychologist (we're changing this).
#LongHaulers
@WesElyMD
Today,
@drsanjaygupta
reported on a treatment we're studying for "brain fog" - interviewing me and one of our brave
#Longcovid
survivors. Please watch and listen and don't give up hope - neuroplasticity is a real phenomenon.
@CIBScenter
Executive dysfunction is common in survivors of
#Covid_19
and
#PICS
but how is it expressed? Let's unpack the expressions of this condition in a 🧵.
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
1 of 5
What are the effects of cognitive impairment in
#LongCovid
? Being scared to give a presentation because you can't think on your feet anymore, responding 3 times via email to questions you've already answered, forgetting the names of coworkers, and feeling ashamed.
@CIBScenter
I was overwhelmed by the bravery of one of my patients - a
#LongCovid
survivor. In the ICU for 60 days, he carried his ICU diary with him everywhere for almost a year. Friday, he opened it and we read it together as we cried. The only way around is through.
@CIBScenter
Suicide after
#LongCovid
is a concern - one that we discuss with our patients regularly. A potential antidote is helping people realize that they are not alone and connecting them with a community of other sufferers.
@CIBScenter
We're starting a new support group for
#LongCovid
survivors, utilizing acceptance and commitment therapy
#ACT
. We have spots left
@CIBScenter
. No cost! Using Zoom. Contact us if interested - we want to support you.
@WesElyMD
Going into the office and clocking in on Saturday because you think it's Friday, thinking an old friend is alive when you knew very well that they died, nearly getting fired because of the errors you make at work. The face of
#LongCovid
. Not brain fog! Brain injury!
@CIBScenter
When I think of the
#longcovid
survivors I work with, one word that comes to mind is
#shame
- they feel shame for having challenges that aren't their fault, for the burdens their families feel, for "letting down" people in their lives. Let's work to address shame.
@CIBScenter
The cognitive impairment we see after Covid-19 is usually mild but this does NOT mean that it isn't a problem. Mild cognitive changes can derail your life, cause you to lose your job, make easy things difficult, impede your quality of life.
#LongCovid
@CIBScenter
Being dismissed by healthcare professionals is hard on people in the best of times. Imagine how devastating it is in the worst of times - painful, heart breaking, enough to push people to the edge and over it.
#PICS
#Longcovid
@CIBScenter
Caregivers of ICU survivors and Covid long haulers are terrified of getting sick, getting hurt, losing a step and not being available to support the ones they love. It is an active fear, never far from their minds.
#LongCovid
@WesElyMD
#LongCovid
I often feel like my tweets are floating into the ether, not making any impact but in the last 2 days, I've met 2 patients who've told me they are often encouraged by them. I've been reminded that Twitter - often a challenging place - can be a force for good.
@CIBScenter
When we started studying cognitive impairment in ICU survivors 20 years ago, doctors were often dismissive of the idea that cognitive impairment could result from critical illness. Today, this is hard to believe. Let's not repeat this mistake again.
#LongCovid
@CIBScenter
"Brain fog" might better be called "brain injury" as the cognitive impairment that impacts many
#longhaulers
is like a brain injury in nature - it happens abruptly, impacts a wide array of cognitive domains, often is not progressive, and may respond to rehabilitation.
@CIBScenter
It can be a bit easy for people to dismiss the idea that
#Delirium
in the ICU is profoundly and sometime permanently traumatic until you talk to people who have experienced it, as we do every day. For them, it often ranks as among the worst experiences in their life.
@WesElyMD
Cognitive problems are a key feature of
#longcovid
and are clinically consistent with brain injuries. We must treat them the way we treat brain injuries, with the utmost seriousness. People's lives are derailed due to cognitive impairment after
#Covid
.
@CIBScenter
Do cognitive deficits persist after COVID-19 and, if so, what is their biological basis?
Our NEW pre-print under review in
@NaturePortfolio
We report one-year cognitive, serum biomarker, and neuroimaging findings in 351 patients
A thread 1/n
I lead a long-time peer support group for ICU survivors at Vanderbilt - now totally virtual - and last week one of our members - tough but tender - said "We're experts in surviving the ICU, Dr. Jackson - we can help people with what's to come." Yes, you can!!!
@ICU_Recovery
What is cognitive impairment in
#LongCovid
? Accidentally overdosing on medication, forgetting the name of a friend of 15 years, putting your glasses in the refrigerator, hiding in meetings because you worry you'll be called on and give the wrong answer.
@CIBScenter
Hi Friends!!! In a few short hours (11 central) I'm on "Fresh Air" on NPR talking about my new book
#Clearingthefog
, about the cognitive and mental health challenges people experience due to
#LongCovid
, and about paths to growth and healing. I hope you can listen.
@CIBScenter
One of the key skills we must teach families of our patients? How to effectively advocate for their loved ones while in the ICU. Not a simple skill, especially for the marginalized, especially during times of stress but it really is crucial. Who's with me?
@DrMeganHoseyPhD
Why should we perform cognitive and functional assessments in patients after critical illness? Here's one reason - they often don't know they are impaired. They haven't returned to "life-roles" - driving, work, school, etc - yet so they aren't fully aware of new limitations.
I saw a patient with
#LongCovid
today and we spent 100% of our session talking about how to apply for disability. There were other issues to address but this is one of the primary ones people are worried about.
#advocacy
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
#Disability
In research on primates, Covid-19 was found to cause many brain changes - most concerningly, cell death. Let's stop with "brain fog" and use a more accurate term - 'brain injury." Strong work coming out of
@Tulane
@WesElyMD
@CIBScenter
#LongCovid
Cognitive impairment is a problem because it "impairs" functioning. Our patients get in car accidents, leave the space heater on overnight, stumble during presentations, take their medication twice. What have you noticed?
#longcovid
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
Great talk with some our ICU nurses this week. A key point - don't base your "success" during Covid-19 entirely on "outcomes. That some patients may die doesn't mean you failed them. Be proud of the commitment you showed, the dignity you afforded, the care you provided.
In our
#LongCovid
support group today, we were talking about Halloween and one of our patients made a poignant comment: "Maybe we can dress up as our old selves."
@CIBScenter
Survivors of intensive care
#ICU
often have Post Intensive Care Syndrome -
#PICS
- with PTSD as severe as in combat veterans, with cognitive impairment as severe as moderate
#TBI
. . and is remains largely overlooked and ignored, though it impacts millions annually.
@CIBScenter
I've debated for a long time about being public with this, bc it's heavy & I still haven't come to terms with it. But I have a rare pre-COVID datapoint so will do it, hoping it helps people:
Right before I got COVID, I did neuro testing to see if I had ADHD.
1/
#LongCovid
I've been working clinically with patients for 30 years and I've never received as many requests for help filing for disability than I have during this Covid-19 season.
#Longcovid
survivors have cognitive impairment and mental heath concerns that impact work.
@CIBScenter
Many are appropriately concerned about our economy and returning to work. Sadly, research consistently shows that ~50 of ICU survivors previously working will be out of the workforce 1 year post discharge due to effects of physical, psychological, and cognitive deficits.
Our
#LongCovid
survivors are regularly referred for neuroimaging and I'm an advocate for that. Too often, however, the message they get is that because their "scans are normal" - they aren't cognitively impaired. This isn't necessarily the case.
@WesElyMD
@CIBScenter
Cognitive impairment is pervasive in people with
#LongCovid
and includes problems with attention, executive functioning, memory, and processing speed. Sometimes mild and sometimes severe, it has disrupted the lives of millions of people.
@CIBScenter
#LongCovidAwarenessDay
I talked to a patient today who had a great outcome after critical illness and he posed a question. Why do you always study impairment? What if you study the outliers who thrive and draw insights from them? I think this is a great observation. Do you agree?
@CIBScenter
@DrMcFillin
Hi Roger . . . psychology colleague here . . . if the point is - and I think it is - that making a mental health issue the cornerstone of your identity, allowing it to fully define you, overvaluing it and undervaluing other things, etc - then I couldn't agree more.
The screening test, the MOCA, is a useful tool that briefly tests diverse cognitive abilities. It is NOT a measure of high intellect, brilliance, or mental fitness. Earning a "perfect" score (30/30) is the default expectation for non-demented adults.
We've been studying Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (
#PICS
) for 20 years and we've created a special day to "walk" in honor of millions with
#PICS
around the world. Join us on September 30th - walk a little or a lot. We'll be walking with you.
#walkforpics
@WesElyMD
@CIBScenter
Today, I'm listening to one of our support group members talk about all the noises and conversations she heard and remembered while heavily sedated for 3 weeks. Let's communicate with our patients while in the ICU much more explicitly than we think we need to.
@CIBScenter
Is cognitive decline a problem if it is only "mild"? Yes! It can be the difference between keeping and losing a job, skillfully driving vs wrecking a car, putting out the fire in the fireplace vs burning the house down.
@CIBScenter
@WesElyMD
#LongCovid
Few things are more prized by
#LongCovid
survivors than their brains but many of their brains are injured. Thank you to the excellent,
@sarafnovak
for describing the problem of cognitive impairment and the possibility of better days, with treatment.
@CIBScenter
#clearingthefog
A closer look at
#LongCovid
brain fog.
"I just can't think anymore," she said. "It makes you realize that you're nothing without your brain. Sometimes I feel like a shell of my former self."
My latest with
@DrJimJackson
@Medscape
🧵We often refer our patients for "neuropsychological" testing but what exactly is it, do you need it, and how does it add value? A thread. 1/10
@CIBScenter