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Tomas Pucik Profile
Tomas Pucik

@Djpuco

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Researcher and trainer at ESSL, forecaster at ESTOFEX

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Joined April 2011
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
This is how the early morning supercell looked like in Belfiore, near Verona at 3:30 UTC. The author of video is unknown, it was sent to me by Michele Tedesco
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
Look at these craters from yesterday's giant hail in Italy...
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
9 days
Examples of likely giant hail in Bosnia from today. Situation still ongoing with most severe storms now over Hungary and Romania under the gun.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
3 months
8th April, ladies and gentlemen...
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
Outlook for Thursday. Read more here: Please bear in mind that this is a probabilistic forecast and the overnight development may change the highest threat corridors. Level 3 is not a guarantee that everyone within will experience a very severe storm!
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
Do you remember the Lvl 3s from the past few days? Well, tomorrow could overrule them all. Even stronger shear, including the lower troposphere, is forecast across N Italy. High-res models are simulating numerous very intense supercells. ESTOFEX forecast will be prepared tonight
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 years
Some information concerning the exceptional hailstorm of yesterday in France based on the ESWD. The duration of the hailstorm was at least 5 hours with the hail swath being app. 300 km long. The largest hail fell near Poitiers, 12 cm across. The most affected town was Chateauroux
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
26 days
Something I haven't seen in a long time. Partial debarking of trees due to the wind-driven hail in Sasarm, Romania, yesterday. Many houses were badly damaged as well. Photo by Muresan Bianca.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
Tomorrow will be the first out of 3 days with high severe weather potential in Europe. ARCHaMo shows a very high probability of both large to very large hail in a swath from France through the Alpine area (). We will try to cover these days with ESTOFEX.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 month
Spectacular supercell over Croatia today. Photos shared by Crometeo on Fb, authors: Xenia Kraljik and Suzana Kovaฤeviฤ‡.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
After having finalized the 19 July hailstones with @PavanFederico00 (stay tuned, information on that coming up!), this appeared from yesterday... Source:
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
Another great downburst video.
@ErikaHamden
Prof. Erika Hamden
11 months
This video is INCREDIBLE! Seeing the clouds forming and downpour/outflow head to the camera is really wild!
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
Forecast for Tuesday 06 - Wednesday 06 UTC. Big hail likely especially early on over France, likely transitioning into one or more swaths of severe to extremely severe gusts. Lack of strong linear forcing = exact track tough to forecast. Read more here:
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
17 days
Enormous damage to crops caused by wind-driven hail within bow echo yesterday night in southeast Romania. Photos shared by "Meteoplus" on Facebook.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
29 days
Here we go. The first one this year. That said, there are some uncertainties, for example, most storms may happen BEFORE the best CAPE/shear overlap forms. Or morning convection can shift the main corridor of severe somewhere else. Please read the text at
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
Based on the investigation together with @Pre_Temp and namely @PavanFederico00 , at @essl_ecss we have estimated the largest hailstone that fell on 19 July 2023 in Italy to be 16 cm across. We are confident this is the largest photographed hailstone in Europe to that day. 1/3
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 days
Beautiful supercell from yesterday in France (photograph by Sandy Morey, posted originally as a comment on Facebook).
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 months
It will be fun they said... Yeah, you look at the most interesting area and forget there are 10 other marginal ones, so you go from one higher CAPE area to slugfest of storms or not, hey, low LCLs, and skinny CAPE, so let's give heavy rain. Well, here goes. I need Ibuprofen :D.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 years
While working on a presentation about tornadoes, I came across this stunning photo of (allegedly) a June 15 1990 tornado in Nebraska shared on reddit. I was not able to find the author but decided to share it as the combination of the vault and wide tornado is just jaw-dropping.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
Severe weather outbreak continues today! Extremely severe storms possible anywhere within the Lvl 2 corridor. Read more:
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 years
As of 31 August, the number of Europe's large hail reports surpassed the U.S. by more than 60% (6681 vs 4090 reports). 2021 was the first year when there were more hail reports over Europe than over the U.S. (5195 vs 3756). Any guesses on the numbers by the end of the year? 1/x
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
ESTOFEX outlook for Wednesday. A "ring of fire" situation around the ridge over the Mediterranean with severe and well-organised storms possible from Spain through France to much of central Europe, Serbia and even Romania. Large hail and damaging wind gusts will be main threats.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 month
I am not sure what is going on in Mexico, but holy... note how cold the anvil and the OT are with respect to the other storms and how rapid the anvil expansion is.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 years
The northern Czech Republic has just experienced several low-topped supercells with great structure. CAPE was around 200 J/kg, hodographs long and straight. This photo was taken by Adela Hozakova, and can be found here:
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
Organized convective storms will make their way into western and central Europe next week! On the last day of the second Testbed week, participants looked at the forecasts beyond Day 1. It should all start on Sunday with France and of course, large to very large hail as threats.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
10 months
I am sorry, but there is no other way to answer an email like that :D
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
Another day with severe weather outbreak and a large area with conditions favorable for intense supercells! The highest risk will be confined to Bosnia and S Serbia. Forecast hodographs very long, straight hodograph and majority of shear above 1 km. Giant hail threat yet again!
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
Giant hailstone, estimated at 11 cm across that fell in Prnjavor, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
ESTOFEX forecast for tomorrow. Big hail especially within the Lvl 2s, otherwise it is mostly about heavy rain. Read more:
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
ESTOFEX forecast for today. Interesting situation today, both combining slow-moving, disorganised storms over much of southern Europe with some areas of strong shear. Three level 2s were issued all primarily for very large hail and also severe wind gusts.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
3 months
My Twitter is full of eclipse photos from the U.S., but look at this RIJ signature in the intensifying bow echo about to enter Belgium soon.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 years
An impressive swath of reports from a supercell that tracked over France last Sunday. Hail reached up to 7.5 cm in diameter and 5 tornadoes were reported in the path of the storm so far (8 in total for the whole event). Also, some wind events may have been tornadoes.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
An impressive example of a Mesoscale Convective Vortex, which has been left after the decay of a large complex of storms over France. The MCV has initiated multiple storms ahead of its path as it moved towards Germany.
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Tomas Pucik
7 months
Unbelievable photo of lenticularis on the wave behind the High Tatras in Slovakia. Author of the photo: Stanislav Yi (posted on the FB page of Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute)
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
The downburst at the end is amazing, but I especially appreciate the illustration of how the convective initiation works: first updrafts moisten the mid-troposphere, so that the next ones suffer less from the entrainment.
@RobMayeda
Rob Mayeda
1 year
Quite the timelapse from the Rincon cam at @HAS_UArizona โ€ฆwait for it. #AZwx 7/17/2023
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 months
Have you ever seen overshooting tops dance around each other and merge? Well, now you have :). Also, note the intense left mover coming from the south and the outflow boundary pushing west.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 years
A brief take on the factors leading up to the extremely severe hailstorm that killed 1 and injured more than 30 in Catalonia yesterday. 1/ Isolated convective initiation over the Pyrenees with a single updraft not competing with others. 2/ Very moist airmass yielding high CAPE...
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
While today is shaping up, tomorrow will bring another round of severe weather, in a belt from N Italy through Slovenia, Croatia, N Serbia, Hungary into Romania. ESTOFEX outlook will be issued tonight. Stay tuned! Automatic severe forecasts can be found at
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
More than 3300 severe weather reports have been submitted to ESWD in the last 10 days (10 - 19 July). Severe wind gusts (yellow squares) were most common with 1643 reports, followed by large hail (green triangle) with 1488 reports. 19 July is still in the process of reporting!1/2
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
Heads up for today! Another outbreak of severe storms is expected to the S and SE of the Alps. This time, the zone of severe weather will extend further SE, including Serbia and Romania. See the forecast discussion at for details.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
4 months
Satellite loop of yesterday's giant hail-producing supercells over Mexico. Note the large, cold, overshooting tops and pronounced above-anvil cirrus plumes (AACP). The AACPs are colder than the anvil below them because the EL of the storms was below the tropopause level. 1/2
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
3 months
Textbook bow echo currently over NW Germany.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 years
I have waited for a good overview of what made the 27 April 2011 environment special and @theweathermanda delivered that. It is fascinating to read about how the QLCS formation had a pronounced impact on the synoptic-scale evolution on that day. Part 1:
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
18 days
Destructive storms today in a belt from Serbia through S Romania and N Bulgaria. I will monitor the situation in the afternoon to evening and posts some updates. For now read forecast at
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
A small look back at the record-setting hailstorm and its environment. First, the giant hail swath measured 50 km in length and the very large hail swath was up to 10 km wide at some points. Second, the supercell was elevated. This is clear from ICON D2 21 UTC analysis (1/3)
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
10 days
While we are all waiting for what's about to happen today, tomorrow also can be a major severe weather today, especially in a belt from Serbia through E Hungary, W Romania, and E Slovakia into W Ukraine.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
If you're interested in hailstorms, have a look at the analysis of the major hail events in Europe in 2021 and 2022 that I just presented at the ECSS together with @MateuszTaszarek , @pgroenemeijer and @fra_battaglioli
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
Finally a break for Italy, Croatia, and Slovenia! Still, lots of severe weather across Europe today () There will be a risk of strong tornadoes as the storms cross the warm front over Russia with plenty of low-level streamwise vorticity in the bottom 500m.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
13 days
It has been some time since I had a situation with such a strong low-level shear. Read more at
@Estofex
ESTOFEX
13 days
Severe weather threat expected in a very large area. The highest risk will exist across E Lithuania, E Latvia, N Belarus and W Russia, where storms will be capable of extremely severe wind gusts and tornadoes, some of which can be strong.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
As the storm approached Istria today. Major wind damage was reported from the peninsula.
@blaTeabla
Tea Blaลพeviฤ‡
1 year
Doฤ‘e, nikoga ne pita! ๐Ÿ“ธValentino Luigi Cappellari/Neverin @N1Hrvatska
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
Heads up for Baltic countries, Finland and Sweden for the weekend and Monday: there may be multiple episodes of severe storms. This is just a snapshot from the ECMWF on Monday over Finland. Details will change, but the models are consistent with the threat over past runs.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
MD for W Germany and Luxembourg. Severe risk is increasing over the region. Cell E of Bonn is riding the warm front with 23/17 T/Td and easterly surface flow. Needs to be monitored for tornado risk. More here:
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
Tomorrow, ARCHaMo predicts elevated risk of both large and very large hail in a belt from N Spain through S and E France into S Germany.
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Tomas Pucik
22 days
An intense HP supercell now moving from Slovakia into Hungary. 60 dBz has reached 10 km. Damaging hail combined with severe wind gusts is pretty likely.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 months
I'm sure I've reposted this some time ago, but this is just an OMG structure to me. How the mid-level clouds arc upward with the forced updraft and the turquoise color within it...
@MrTwisterChaser
Mr Twister
2 months
Time to chase. Thurs Fri Sat. Let's go
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
29 days
We're still on track for a severe weather outbreak across part of SE Europe tomorrow. ESTOFEX will be issued tonight. Just FYI, the site will be upgraded this year with EPS data from ECMWF and dedicated verification site :).
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
20 days
Let's discuss the latest Estofex forecast (issued for Saturday). Again, a longer thread coming. Overall, I am happy that the highest density of severe weather reports was within both Lvl 3s. The AT-HU Lvl 3 worked out well both coverage and intensity-wise.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
9 months
And that is perhaps the structure of the year over Europe. From an isolated supercell that tracked almost 700 km and lasted more than 9 hours. The longest-lived supercell I have ever seen in Europe.
@Hailz_Serbia
Hailz Serbia
9 months
@nikzimmer87 @larslowinski @Djpuco @CameronJNixon Vrbas, N Serbia, 77.31 dBz. July 13th, 2023
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
24 days
So many areas in Europe have severe weather threats today and tomorrow. Supercells are already ongoing across Austria, Hungary, and Slovakia. SE Austria through Slovenia to NW Croatia may see the highest coverage of severe weather.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
23 days
So here goes. I already posted something for N Italy before, so now concerning E Austria/W Hungary. High-resolution models here show more intense storms compared to Italy. While Italy may end up with the biggest hailstone, tornado and wind threats will be higher in the other area
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 month
2/3s of Europe could see a severe thunderstorm tomorrow, mostly with heavy rainfall. Hail risk will increase towards the south. Read more at
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
And 5 days after the record had been beaten, we've beat it again. 19 cm based on the measurements of the rag and also the bottle nearby. This is just 1 cm shy off the Vivan, South Dakota hailstone, which was 8 inches (20 cm) across. @JTAllen3 @CameronJNixon @PSU_RadarMeteo
@PavanFederico00
Federico Pavan
11 months
@MateuszTaszarek @Djpuco @pgroenemeijer Can confirm 19 cm based on the cloth
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
Giant hail impact on car windshields in Azzano Decimo documented by @unwetterfreaks on their storm chase in Italy (used with permission). It is exceptional to see front windshield completely punctured by hail. The last time I saw this was with record-breaking hail in Australia.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 years
An incredible photo of red sprites over the Alps by Didier Plassard. You can find the photo and more captures of sprites on his Facebook page:
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
Spanish supercell going ballistic now. Lightning activity is increasing and satellite data now shows a pronounced Could-U. The storm has formed in close to 30 m/s of 0-6 km bulk shear. The hodograph looks perfect for very big hail, long, straight, and not much low-level shear.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 years
That transition from laminar to turbulent/convective!
@jantsalado
Juan Antonio Salado
2 years
Nube de levante sobre #Gibraltar ๐Ÿš‚
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
Massive overshooting top on an isolated supercell approaching Kassel. Very large hail is almost certain, and tornado risk is present as well.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
Saturday will bring numerous severe storms in a large belt from NW Greece towards the Baltics. All hazards will be possible. For discussion concerning different regions, see
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
9 days
Another big situation is ahead of us! And I like doing ESTOFEX in the morning, cause one can see what the dewpoints look like and that the temperature is rising without too many clouds over the area of interest.
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@Estofex
ESTOFEX
9 days
Severe weather continues throughout the weekend! Today, the highest risk will be in a belt from Bosnia through Serbia, Hungary, and Romania into E Slovakia and SE Poland. However, N Italy is also not out of the woods yet. Read more at
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
12 days
Regarding the next two days. Thursday still means business concerning severe storms, read more at The best environment for severe storms is forecast across the flanks of N Alps with threats of very large hail and severe wind gusts. 1/2
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
10 months
Heads up for Italy tonight! As the surface low deepens across the Mediterranean Sea, low-level shear will substantially increase overnight, yielding hodographs favorable for strong tornadoes. This will especially be the case if storms can remain surface-based during the night.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
10 months
ARCHaMo is in a goofy mood concerning the forecast of large to very large hail for tomorrow. Slightly more serious ESTOFEX forecast will be prepared this evening :D
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
It's not every day in July that you wake up and see this. Our Testbed may go a bit non-convective today as well :)
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 months
There's been a lot of discussion about tornado ratings recently, so here goes: our paper on the impacts of the 24 June 2021 violent tornado paper has recently been accepted and published in the early online release form: ...
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
15 days
So next week will be pretty interesting. Testbed participants will get to practice forecasting severe, well-organized storms in high-shear environments. Plus, there should be good opportunities to test the new DWD nowcasting products.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
Forecast for tomorrow. The highest risk of severe storms is forecast in a belt from central Italy through Croatia, Bosnia into Hungary, and S Slovakia. Read more here:
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 years
147 km is the longest path length in the history of tornado surveys in Europe. Of course, there could have been events with longer paths, but we do not know about them. What a remarkable event!
@KeraunosObs
Keraunos
2 years
Les #orages du 23 octobre bousculent la climatologie des #tornades franรงaises: l'enquรชte de terrain permet d'รฉtablir que ce sont dรฉsormais prรจs de 150 km qui ont รฉtรฉ parcourus par la tornade de Bihucourt. Du jamais vu (ancien record 81 km) ! Plus d'infos :
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
What a horrible situation, being stranded on the highway with trees falling toward your car. I really hope that no one dies on the roads today.
@NoodweerBenelux
NoodweerBenelux
1 year
Impressionante beelden in #Nederland ! Storm #Poly zorgt ervoor dat de situatie op de weg levensgevaarlijk is. Bomen vallen om onder de beukende wind van 9 tot 11 BFT en windstoten tot 140 km/u (locatie Uitgeest op A9). Er is een level 3 actief vanuit onze weerdienst. Blijf
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 days
Now this is what you get with a high and fat CAPE environment.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
4 months
So here goes the forecast. Remember, ESTOFEX primarily covers the contribution of convective storms to severe weather. Non-convective wind gusts will play a big role in this setup as well. Read more at @seerkocinjsh
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
5 months
Oh, and this is another jewel from N Italy from 2023, just couldn't believe my eyes when I first saw the video. I think @unwetterfreaks were also documenting this storm.
@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
This is how the early morning supercell looked like in Belfiore, near Verona at 3:30 UTC. The author of video is unknown, it was sent to me by Michele Tedesco
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 years
NW France and S Belgium ahead of the strengthening storm face a very dangerous situation. Model hodographs look supportive of both (very) large hail and strong tornadoes. Based on ICON-D2, the storm should have purely streamwise vorticity in the inflow in the bottom 500 m.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
Outlook for Monday: situation remains similar, but Germany and Alps will see more storms compared to Sunday. Best convective organisation is expected over N Spain and W France. Read more here:
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
A high threat of severe weather continues today. The most likely corridor of severe weather is the southern Alps, but very large hail and damaging wind gusts can occur anywhere within Lvl 2. As a bonus, eye-candy from yesterday: Cold-U and AACP on a left-moving supercell.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
11 months
Active severe weather day expected over parts of N and NE Europe. Damaging wind gusts will be the main problem over the Baltics -> Belarus area, while strong tornadoes are most likely over Sweden tomorrow. Read more at
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Tomas Pucik
2 months
I am not sure that any supercell can really compete with that :D
@DikySitepu
dikdik
3 months
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Tomas Pucik
2 years
Very large hail (>= 5 cm) was reported in 15 out of the last 19 days across Europe. We have collected almost 2000 reports of large hail in ESWD, most from France, followed by Italy and Hungary. Giant (>= 10 cm) hail fell in France and Austria.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
2 years
Not an easy decision, as usual when one issues a Lvl 3.
@Estofex
ESTOFEX
2 years
Storm Forecast: Level 3 issued by Pucik for period Fri 20 May 2022 08:00 - Sat 21 May 2022 06:00 UTC - -
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
Severe weather risk remains high ahead of the cold front sweeping across Europe. The highest risk is forecast from SE Austria through Slovenia, Croatia into Hungary and N Serbia.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
10 days
Hail core that I sampled today from the radar and satellite perspective. I will post photos and videos of the storm and hailfall tomorrow. I have found a lot of 5-6 cm hailstones while the maximum hail size reached 9 cm with this core.
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Tomas Pucik
10 days
Hail up to 6 cm in diameter near Mor. Budejovice
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Tomas Pucik
18 days
Sun setting on so far the most long-lived supercell of this year in Europe, going strong for more than 5 hours. Incredible. Also note a huge AACP on one of the supercells over Romania. What an incredible situation.
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@HrizztoWX
Hris (Chris)
18 days
Insane.
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@Djpuco
Tomas Pucik
1 year
Just issued an MD on ESTOFEX (). First storms have developed over France. Convergence zone set up, dewpoints up to 22 deg. Intense supercells with very large hail can develop any minute now.
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Tomas Pucik
3 years
Textbook structure on a supercell near Bardejov, Slovakia today. The region was affected by severe storms two days in a row, delivering large to very large hail and flash floods. Author of photo: Matus Vilcek, original source:
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Tomas Pucik
3 months
This forecast took a lot of time given it's March with many areas of interest and uncertainties. For example, in my earlier posts, I didn't mention the risk of tornadoes over France/BENELUX or the risk of hail/wind over Germany. Read more at @seerkocinjsh
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Tomas Pucik
3 years
I spent two days surveying the tornado damage. I was stunned by seeing the extent of the devastation and deeply saddened or amazed when listening to the survivor stories. Here is what a tornado can do to the alley of trees.
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Tomas Pucik
1 year
Heads up for tomorrow (Wednesday 06 -> Thursday 06 UTC), which will be another big day around and especially south and east of the Alps! Thursday will also likely feature a severe weather outbreak with threat shifting more south and east.
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Tomas Pucik
16 days
Over the last 7 days, 1499 severe weather reports have been collected in the ESWD (a number likely to increase). Severe weather will ramp up again since early next week, now also affecting W and central Europe more. I will post on this later.
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Tomas Pucik
13 days
What the hell is that? A BWER even visible on the max. column reflectivity or an HP supercell transforming into a bow echo?
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Tomas Pucik
3 months
Now that is a holy sh*t profile especially concerning the degree of CAPE (locally the dewpoint values are even higher than in the model sounding). An outbreak of severe weather is very likely today in a belt from Argentina through Uruguay into S Brazil.
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