Haplogroup frequencies of Iron Age Scythians 🏇 n=85
Includes Scythians, Sarmatians, Cimmerians, and Saka (excluding the genetic outliers).
Credit to Evgeny Kray for the art of the Scythian warrior
Haplogroup frequencies of the Unetice culture 🗡️ n=114
The Unetice culture was an Early Bronze Age culture of East-Central Europe. They were descended from Eastern Bell Beaker groups and are commonly believed to have been ancestral to the Italo-Celtic languages.
Genetic breakdowns for CHG and Iran N
right = c('Cameroon_SMA','Malawi_Hora_LSA_8500BP.SG','Russia_Ust_Ishim_HG.DG','China_Tianyuan','Russia_Kostenki14','Russia_Yana_UP.SG','Russia_MA1_HG.SG','Italy_North_Villabruna_HG')
Genetic distance to the Early Medieval Baiuvarii 🗡️🇩🇪
The Baiuvarii were a Germanic people who settled in the regions of modern day Bavaria and Austria. They are likely to have spoken an early version of the Austro-Bavarian dialect of the Upper German family.
Genetic distance and breakdown for an Iron Age Norwegian from Nordland 🇳🇴
Dated to ~138 CE, placing him in the Late Proto-Germanic to Early Proto-Norse period
Map of estimated Basal Eurasian/ANA admixture
Note - these are still only ghost lineages at the moment, so this could change quite a bit in the future
Made using:
Genetic breakdowns for EHG
right = c('Cameroon_SMA','Russia_Kostenki14','Romania_PesteraMuierii_EUP','China_Tianyuan','Bulgaria_BachoKiro_BK-1653','Czech_Vestonice16','Morocco_Iberomaurusian','Russia_Yana_UP.SG','Russia_MA1_HG.SG','Italy_Tagliente_LPaleolithic')
Haplogroup frequencies of the Iron Age Gandhara Grave culture of the Swat Valley 🇵🇰
Thanks to Rtam for providing the hypothetical reconstructions! You can follow him here:
@Rtam86418021
Genetic distance to the Sidelkino EHG
Dated to ~11,000 ybp, this sample is the earliest known representative of the fully formed EHG cluster.
Y-DNA - n/a
mtDNA - U5a2
Genetic breakdowns for Mesolithic Europeans
right = c('Cameroon_SMA','ZlatyKun','BachoKiro_IUP','Russia_Kostenki14','China_Tianyuan','BK-1653','Goyet_Aurignacian','Russia_Sunghir.SG','Romania_PesteraMuierii_EUP','Russia_Yana_UP.SG','Russia_MA1_HG.SG','Israel_Natufian')
Haplogroup frequencies of Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherers (SHG) 🦌 n=27
SHG’s were a distinct genetic cluster of Mesolithic Europe. They were the result of EHG, migrating along the Northern coast, mixing with WHG’s migrating from the south and east.
(More info on Instagram post)
Genetic distance to Bolshoy Oleny Ostrov LBA
Dated to ~3700 ybp, these samples are the earliest evidence of the presence of Y-haplogroup N and Siberian-related ancestry in Europe.
Y-DNA - N1c-L392
mtDNA - U4a1, Z1a1a, T2d1b1, C4b, U5a1d, D4e4
@Robkearney1981
Most of the EEF admix of Irish comes from the mainland via Bell Beakers, Celts, and Scandinavians. The Irish EEFs were practically wiped out during the Bronze Age
Genetic distance to the youngest sample with a fully Mesolithic European profile, VK531
”Reconstruction” shown is a hypothetical Norwegian SHG, as we don’t have a skull for this sample.
Genetic distance to a Colonial Era sample from Indian Cabin Ridge, Pennsylvania 🇺🇸
Relatively high distances, possibly the result of the sample being lower coverage or having trace Amerindian ancestry.
Genetic distance to Iron Age samples from the Volga-Oka interfluve 🇷🇺
These samples represent the Uralic speaking groups who inhabited Northwestern Russia prior to the Slavic expansion.
K14 is dated to roughly 37000ybp and is associated with the Aurignacian culture of Upper Paleolithic Europe. He belonged to Y-DNA C1b
A group similar to him contributed ancestry to Vestonice cluster Gravettians, Ancient North Siberians/Ancient North Eurasians, and Epigravettians
Closest modern populations to some Andronovo averages
You’ll notice the more northeastern average matches closer to Finns than Scandinavians, due to them having slightly more Siberian admixture