My last article is out!
“Builders FirstSource $BLDR: 8 Reasons to Love The Company (And Many Sectorial Tailwinds)”
(link in bio)
$FAST $WSO $POOL $SITE $GWW $IBP $FERG $AIT $BXC $BLD $UFPI $GMS $BECN $OC
For those interested in roll-up strategies, serial acquirers, consolidators… this is a list with some of them (mainly from US). Any other interesting one?? (trying to create a comprehensive list)
Are P/E ratios really telling us whether one company is cheaper than another?
Epoch Investment provides an interesting article about how to correctly interpret P/E and its interplay with FCF, ROIC, growht and required returns.
Full of insightful messages👇
How sales are finally converted into earnings? The importance of understanding “earnings chain”: operating leverage and financial leverage together determine earnings
(“Operating Leverage” by Michael J. Mauboussin)
#ValueInvesting
Understanding Price-Earnings multiple’s economic background through Modigliani & Miller’s formula of firm’s value
(Ref documents: “What Does a Price-Earnings Multiple Mean?” and “M&M on Valuation” by M.J. Mauboussin)
#ValueInvesting
"Primer on the ROIC Valuation Framework"
Value is driven by the following four levers and determined by their interaction:
1. Excess returns
2. Reinvestment opportunities
3. Competitive advantage period
4. Risk profile of the company (WACC)
How capital structure affects firm's value? Great explanation of Modigliani and Miller's proposition: the value of a firm is independent of its capital structure (under certain conditions)
(Source: Mauboussin, "Estimating the Cost of Capital")
LRT Capital Management 13F-HR provides a great fishing pond to look for quality companies.
Any recommendation of funds focused on similar companies to look for?? (i.e. quality companies, compounders, growing moats, CF machines…)
“Wonderful Companies at Fair Prices” by Polen Capital
Great paper that highlights the importance of outweighing the understanding of a business over its valuation, and how a good earnings power analysis may overcome the consequences of a bad valuation
Interesting reading: The Equity “Compounders"
What defines a compounder?
- high quality
- franchise businesses
- recurring revenues
- high ROIC
- sustainable competitive advantages
- pricing power
- low capital intensity
...
and main sectors to look into👇
List of companies that attract “quality shareholders” (long-term horizon + high conviction).
Source: “Lessons from quality shareholders on corporate governance practice, research and scholarship” by Lawrence A. Cunningham
Difficulties arising when using EV/EBITDA multiple
(Reference documents: “Valuation using multiples. How do analysts reach their conclusions?” by P. Fernández and “What Does an EV/EBITDA Multiple Mean?” by M.J. Mauboussin)
Active-Passive investing paradox:
Big concentrations on active or passive investing create forces in the opposite direction: the higher the active investing the higher the market efficiency and the higher the incentives for investors to move to passive investing, and vice versa.
What’s wrong with “traditional” return metrics? Introducing Market-Expected Return on Investment (MEROI) as an alternative measure based on market expectations.
(reference document:“Where’s the Bar? Introducing MEROI” by M.J. Mauboussin
)
#ValueInvesting
How vulnerable is the moat? How big is the threat of new entrants? Understanding what influences the decision of a new entrant will help to select top value creators
(source “Measuring the moat” by Michael J. Mauboussin )
#ValueInvesting
#valuation
The beauty of $POOL business model lies on its capacity to create a win-win-win situation where all the players (manufactures, retailers and the Company itself) within the pool industry’s hugely-fragmented supply chain can benefit
DCF models frequently fail to reflect the impact of innovation: the absence of new investments may deteriorate firm’s financial performance. Doing nothing is not neutral.
(Article: Clayton M. Christensen, S. P. Kaufman, W. C. Shih; "Innovation Killers")
Connor Leonard's presentation at Google:
- Legacy moats: High ROIC but NO opportunities to deploy incremental capital
- Reinvestment moats: High ROIC with opportunities to deploy incremental capital
- Legacy moats + Capital allocation ≈ Reinvestment moats
Capital allocation: relevant issues when assessing share-buyback programs
(reference documents: "Disbursing Cash to Shareholders" and "Capital Allocation" by M.J. Mauboussin)
#valueinvesting
How information technology and networks have merged to create companies with unprecedented market shares, very high ROICs and rapid growth?
Insightful paper: “Exploring Network Economics” by Mauboussin
Some highlights:
1) The idea of “winner-takes-most”
“The irony is that past stock market crashes always look like opportunities, but future ones look like risks”.
Great market perspective from Saga Partners Q4 2019 investor letter: S&P 500 Historical Corrections 👇
In its Q3-18 letter, F. Liu (Hayden Capital) raises an interesting open question: how much capital should we risk on each position?
And provides some discussions points: equal weight? Proportional to conviction? does personality matter?
Interesting reading
The best distribution businesses create dynamics and network effects that make them stronger and outperform as they expand. I have in mind companies like $POOL $SITE $WSO $SHW $FERG $BLDR $AIT $BECN $ATKR $FAST $GMS $GWW $RS $GPC
What other companies fit in this list??
“Companies with high levels of ROIC tend to hold on to that advantage..."
Exhibit 4 "looks at the probability that a company will migrate from one level of ROIC to another over the course of a decade" and shows some sort of stability, specifically in case of high-ROIC companies
Warren Buffett comments on EBITDA: "I’ll look at that figure when you tell me you’ll make all of the future capital expenditures for me"
(Berkshire’s annual shareholder meeting in 2003. Image from Mauboussin, "What Does an EV/EBITDA Multiple Mean?”)
#ValueInvesting
Basic governance principles that help companies to create shareholder value (and help investors to identify companies committed with shareholder value creation)
(Reference document: “Ten Ways to Create Shareholder Value” by A. Rappaport https:/ )
Bill Nygren's great video describing how Oakmark Funds have adapted to this new environment where GAAP accounting fails to reflect some businesses' reality and value (from min 8:30 on).
Average economic profit by industry: Industry matters, a lot.
-“You’d rather be an average company in a great industry than a great company in an average industry”
-“In some cases, you’d rather be in your supplier’s industry than in your own"
"But on the rare occasions that you find a company with such a strong growth potential, be ready to pay a multiple that wouldn’t make sense for a value investor"
François Rochon (Giverny Capital)
Really interesting report on the automotive sector
("auto-related stocks are attractive bargains, or classic value traps"?)
Value Investor Insight (December 31, 2019)
Persistence of high & low returns: few low-ROIC firms are successful in reverting the situation. Choosing high-ROIC ones improves the odds:
46,5% of high-ROIC firms (>20%) in 2007 remained at this level in 2016
70% of low-ROIC firms (<10%) in 2007 remained at this level in 2016
"We have found no difference in the distribution of growth rates between so-called value and growth stocks. We did, however, find that growth stocks tend to have high ROICs... So the companies classified as growth did not grow faster on average, but they did have higher ROIC"
Searching for new distributors to dive in. Any suggestion??
Here is a list of the kind of companies I’m looking for 👇
$FERG Ferguson
$GWW WW Grainger
$WSO Watsco
$POOL Pool Corporation
$SITE SiteOne Landscape Supply
$SHW Sherwin-Williams
$BLDR Builders FirstSource
Really interesting RiverPark Q2 2019 letter
Five "fact patterns" to invest in growth stocks (and many real-world examples):
1. "Higher for Longer" (Adobe $ADBE, Amazon $AMZN)
“Founder-Led Companies Outperform the Rest”
Why? “the founder’s mentality” approach:
-Higher commitment: leadership; inspiration; engagement.
-Front line obsession: product- and customer-centric
-Owner’s mindset: personal impact for risk, cost & benefits
Common Errors in Discounted Cash Flow Models
(Reference documents: “Common Errors in DCF Models” by M. J. Mauboussin and “119 common errors in company valuations” by P. Fernández )
#ValueInvesting
Main methods for Valuing Companies and Equity by Cash Flow Discounting (and their link with basic accounting)
(Reference documents: “Valuing Companies" and by Prof. P. Fernández)
#ValueInvesting
"The Epoch Core Model: Our Proprietary Stock Model" by Epoch Investment Partners.
Interesting article where they explain the key components of their model...
Is higher ROIC always better?
Article about the role of ROIC as a potential incentive plan metric and the unintended consequences of excessive focus on ROIC
"ROIC alone is not enough..., a company needs both growth and returns to create shareholder value"
"The Magic House"
Insightful metaphor by
@HaydenCapital
to explain the 2 main components of what an asset will sell for: the fundamental value (earnings growth) and the price you’re willing to pay today for each $ of future earnings (multiple expansion)
Impact of Capital Structure on Value
(Source: Koller, Goedhart, and Wessels, "Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies", 5th Edition, 492)
Nice explanation about how a company (Netflix) strategically can create "consumer surplus" (eroding temporarily shareholders’ return) to increase its customers base and subsequently reclaim this surplus through its pricing power
(Source:
@IntrinsicInv
)
$TDG Transdigm is one of those companies that shows the perils of blindly make decisions based on quantitative screeners. Due to its high debt levels it would probably keep out of many screeners...
Open thread about Netflix ($NFLX). Netflix seems to be an astonishing business but would it be able to achieve market expectations?
Below some positive (P) and negative (N) points
(no advice, just food for open discussion)
As a follow-up of this tweet, I have prepared a short article with the updated list of US and RoW acquirers adding all the contributions (you will find also attached the Excel file)
For those interested in roll-up strategies, serial acquirers, consolidators… this is a list with some of them (mainly from US). Any other interesting one?? (trying to create a comprehensive list)
"Finding Value in The Enchanted Forest"
Hayden's strategy of investing close to the “tipping point” where value is not obvious in the financial statements➡️"companies that are loss-making at the moment, but are also high-probability winners"
$SE $CVNA $IQ
John Malone describing a conversation he had with W. Buffett during the early days of Microsoft
(A remainder of how difficult it is to identify great businesses and of the importance of doing your own research)
)
How management decisions influence shareholder value creation (and therefore shareholders return)?
(reference book: “Creating Shareholder Value: A Guide for Managers and Investors” by Alfred Rappaport)
#ValueInvesting
Food for thought: Would you be more willing to invest on B2B businesses or on B2C businesses?
For instance: Would you prefer airlines or aircraft leasing companies? OEMs or Tier 1/Tier 2 companies? Computer manufacturers or computer hardware manufacturers?
The Dark Side of Valuation: insightful tips to take into account when making valuations
(Reference book: A. Damodaran, “The Dark Side of Valuation”)
#ValueInvesting
“Not All Margins Are Created Equal”
F. Liu's (
@HaydenCapital
) interesting discussion on the importance of understanding “the unit economics behind a business’s published financials” and scenarios that could misleadingly discourage investors
Two examples👇
The classical Apendix of 1983 Berkshire Hathaway’s shareholders letter is pure gold!! It is a text to read and re-read carefully.
How interesting is the concept of economic goodwill, its interaction with inflation, its "leveraging" effect… just gold!
"Value Investing in a Capital-Light World" by Distillate Capital.
Interesting article on accounting practices, the flaws of traditional valuation measures (P/B & P/E) and the benefits of exploring other metrics (e.g. FCF/EV)
Interesting resources on pricing power:
1. “The Importance of Pricing Power” by John Huber (Saber Capital)
2. “What I’ve learned about Pricing Power” by Josh Tarasoff
3. More on Pricing Power by Josh Tarasoff
Graphic Mauboussin's example to emphasize the importance of the outside view.
Decisions based only on own experience (inside view) may bring unintended outcomes. Reinforcing the process with the relevant context (outside view) will lead to better decisions