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Jin Kim 🌐 Profile
Jin Kim 🌐

@jin_overweb3

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Follow for your #daily dose of blockchain wisdom! 🌐💡 Everyday, just in 280 characters. @overprotocol OverWallet Official Quiz🧚‍♀️

over the world
Joined October 2022
Don't wanna be here? Send us removal request.
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@jin_overweb3
Jin Kim 🌐
@jin_overweb3
10 months
[ #Mnemonic ] Randomly generated and ordered words for easy wallet access instead of long and complex private key. It's risky to store in potentially exposed locations like computer notepad. It's recommended that you print it out or write it down by hand and store it in safe place.
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@jin_overweb3
Jin Kim 🌐
@jin_overweb3
9 months
1/ Hello Over Community, Today, I’d like to share an important announcement with you. 🧵
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9 months
[ #KYC ] is an important process to verify customers' identity, to ensure that all info & data be authentic. Simply put, ‘identity authentication.’ KYC is a regulatory requirement in many countries and regarded important to prevent money laundering, fraud and other financial crimes
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9 months
The Happy New Year survey is being conducted today! How was 2023 with Over? I hope that another happiness awaits you in the coming new year, so please share a little bit about what you most wish for 2024. There is no set answer. Over hopes your wishes come true. #HappyNewYear !
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9 months
[ #Mainnet ] is a blockchain network that operates independently with a consensus algorithm. It can independently form the basis of the ecosystem like creating digital currency, operate Dapp, and process personal wallet transactions by having its own network, tech, and protocol.
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11 months
Today's mission is SURVEY! You've got three options here. Feel free to choose the one that suits you best. 1⃣ I have a PC and can connect to the Internet using a LAN cable. 💻🔌 2⃣ I have a pc and can only connect to the internet via wifi. 💻🛜 3⃣ I only have mobile. 📱🛜
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9 months
[ #Oracle ] Transfers off-chain data into the blockchain (on-chain), which is tamper-resistant, but executing contracts based on off-chain data raises authenticity concerns. Various techniques are employed to verify off-chain data authenticity, ensuring reliable real-world info.
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9 months
[ #L2 ] is a separate blockchain network built based on the mainnet to improve computational speed and fees. Eg, it functions by processing Txs such as calculating/verifying on a separate external layer 2 and then records only the resulting data at the original layer 1 blockchain.
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9 months
[ #Testnet ] a pre-release blockchain network, tests new features in advance for mainnet stability. Distinct from the live blockchain, you can participate with a few testnet tokens, with no real value. Through this period, sincere feedbacks enhance security and user experiences.
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9 months
[ #CannonicalChain ] is the agreed-upon main chain determined by the chain selection rule. In practice, parties decide the block threshold for canonical inclusion. More blocks on top increase the likelihood, so generally "X confirmations" is required to prioritize chain stability.
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@jin_overweb3
1 year
Superblock [ˈsuːpəblɒk] 1. The name of the developer of OverProtocol. @SuperblockKR
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9 months
[ #Protocol ] defines all the rules for how a blockchain works. It's a general term for #ConsensusMethods , agreeing on rules to be used to accept data in this world. The term #Blockchain we refer to essentially refers to this protocol mechanism to reach consensus within a network.
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@jin_overweb3
11 months
[ #O ] Currently, OverWallet’s Point Staking is fee-free. OverWallet has recently launched #Staking feature, which allows you to maximize your Points you collected! Point Staking just started today, which comes with no fee, paid by Over for your flexible staking experience, Try it!
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11 months
[ #Attestation ] A validator is expected to create, sign and broadcast an attestation for a specific slot in the epoch. The purpose of this is to vote for the checkpoints, regarding previous and currect epoch’s first blocks. This info is combined to reach consensus about the state.
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10 months
[ #ConsensusLayer ] is a consensus among network participants reached. Consensus peers manage the network’s consensus algorithm and block generation using PoS. You have built-in blockchain client software, ensuring all devices contribute by the rules and penalize those that do not.
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11 months
[ #Target ] is the part of the finality vote indicating what the validators see as the FIRST block in the CURRENT epoch, over a supermajority. If more than two-thirds of the validators vote #source for slot 64 to be justified and vote #target for slot 96, then we JUSTIFY slot 96.
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9 months
[ #Bootstrapping ] When a node first runs, it is has to link up with existing nodes to kickstart connections and subsequently uncover additional peers, downloading and validating data up to the latest block. Every full node can act as a bootnode as long as it is publicly available.
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10 months
[ #RPCNode ] If we compare a node to a restaurant, validator node is the chef. When they create a dish called a block, regular RPC nodes deliver it to users, responing to requests, sending and receiving data to help users interact with the blockchain, verifying and delivering Txs.
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10 months
[ #SyncCommittee ] It's a group of validators that collect and add signatures to the block header and receive extra rewards. Once every few epochs, number of validators are selected. The selected participants receive a reward for every slot when they correctly perform their duties.
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@jin_overweb3
1 year
[ #ArchiveNode ] maintains all history of State Changes. Due to large computational needs for accessing historical states, this stores every historical state with its vast disk space required, enabling quick queries about past states, like account X's balance at a certain block.
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@jin_overweb3
11 months
[ #Proposer #Attester #Aggregator ] Validators perform three roles for each epoch. Validators ready to get involved are divided into few committes. Primary works of validators are proposing and attesting. Attestations are gathered by the aggregators and sent to next block proposer.
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11 months
[ #Asmanyasyouwant ] OverWallet Staking reservation has just started! In our last quiz, we learned that #staking is depositing tokens to participate in PoS blockchain network, with rewards for the contribution given based on the amount staked. You can try it #over and #over #again !
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1 year
The lightest full node, OverNode. Stash the must-haves, trash the excess.
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1 year
[ #ColdStorage ] There are two types of asset wallets: hot wallets for online transactions and cold wallets for offline storage, similar to being in a frozen state. Cold wallets, stored on separate hardware devices like USB, despite being less convenient, offers enhanced security.
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1 year
Over holds Korea Blockchain Week side event next week! Exchange your points with goods at the Pop-up store held in Seoul from September 7th to 10th! #KBW #OverProtocol
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1 year
[Home Staking] Over's Light Full Node takes up minimal capacity on your computer, making it possible for you to run nodes from home. Over provides PC Client software with an intuitive UXUI for a streamlined user experience to run nodes. Be a Home Staker! #theLightestFullNode
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1 year
[ #FullNode ] is a program that fully validates Tx and blocks. Almost all full nodes also help the network and participate in operations by accepting Tx and blocks from other full nodes, validating as it holds the current states of blockchain and relaying them to further full nodes
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1 year
[ #multisignature ] requires multiple agreements to execute message. Since a certain amount of signatures is needed, it enhances security even if one's private🔑 is hacked. Additionally, it is significant that it enables decentralized consensus through the participation of members.
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11 months
[ #M2E ] #MovetoEarn is a new game trend where users purchase NFT shoes and wear them in the app, and walk or run to earn token. More clearly, it is a service that rewards users for their movement through their mobile devices. Each NFT item provides different stats or attributes👟.
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1 year
[ #State ] Just as token transfer Tx changes the balance of each account, the State, which is a set of accounts, changes with Tx execution. That is, states can record asset balances, codes, another related state. Everyone maintains the same state(world state) following the records.
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10 months
[ #InactivityPenalty ] This addresses prolonged non-agreement. Chain triggers inactivity leak mode after 4 epochs without finalizing a checkpoint. Inactive validators receive penalties for chain liveliness, preventing prolonged offline periods, as finality requires a majority vote.
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1 year
[ #AMA , Ask Me Anything] Join Over's upcoming AMA event! We'll address pre-submitted Q&A, roadmap insights (testnet, incentive testnet, mainnet), and a special 2,000P code reveal. Stay updated on our website and explore OverProtocol's benefits in the Whitepaper. Oct 5th, 11am UTC!
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1 year
[ #Burn ] is generally done by sending tokens to a random Dead Wallet address whose private key is unknown. Hacking the private key of #dEaD Wallet is virtually impossible as it requires drilling through countless cases, keeping it fair by ensuring that it is not owned by anyone.
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10 months
[ #Surroundvoting ] is voting source and target on incompatible areas when a chain is forked. Only one branch is ultimately selected, so each fork is incompatible. Voting with overlapping heights in each fork becomes the target of slashing because it interferes with chain formation
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1 year
[ #PublicKey ] It is used when sending or receiving tokens. So it's okay to share it with others, similar to a bank account number. If you know this public key, you can view all wallet activities including transaction history of the corresponding wallet in a blockchain explorer.
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11 months
[ #Aggregator ] In each epoch, a validator within each subnet is chosen act as the aggregator. The aggregator collects all the attestations it receives through the gossip network that contain the same data as its own. Then aggregator broadcasts the signature to the wider network.
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11 months
[ #Proposal ] Proposing blocks refers to proposer's creating a block and propagating it to the network when it's its turn. A single validator is randomly chosen to propose a block in each slot. They broadcast the block topping on the fork, which has gained the largest attestations.
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1 year
[ #CA ] refers to an account type that is inscribed with contract code, esp hash, created when deploying a smart contract to the blockchain. Unlike EOA, it does not have own private key. It rather receives Tx initiated by EOAs and executes functions according to smart contract.
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1 year
[ #TXID ] unique number of Tx, for identifying and tracking. You can check the progress, fees, transaction address, etc. It is a value that applied the hash function to rawTransaction data encoded as a hex value after combining the signature and Tx information via the private key.
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10 months
[ #Mempool ] Full nodes temporarily store pending Txs in the #Memory , a queue awaiting inclusion. Initiated Txs are broadcast, undergo signature verification, and spender's coin ownership confirmation. Valid Txs enter the mempool, shared across the network, and chosen by proposers.
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10 months
[ #PeerNode ] are the surrounding nodes that communicate with. Your node continuously attempts to connect to other nodes on the network until it has enough peers. When you firstly enter the network, you get introduced to a set of peers by a #bootnode who connect new nodes to peers.
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11 months
[ #Justified ] is the status of a block voted in favor of its inclusion in the canonical chain. As validators vote for pairs of block components considered valid, the first blocks gained more than two-thirds of the total staked balance are regarded as justified, before finalized.
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1 year
[ #TVL (Total Value Locked)] measures the total deposit of tokens locked in smart contracts, usually in #DeFi . A higher TVL indicates ecosystem stability, reducing volatility within it. With more tokens locked, fewer circulate, influencing price through supply dynamics. @DefiLlama
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1 year
[ #Hexadecimal (0~9,a~f)] Public🔑 is generated from private🔑, and account address is generated from the public🔑. Starting with 0x in code, we use [0-9a-f]=[0-15] for memory conservation, readability, and compatibility. It allows more concise representation, e.g., 14 is simply E.
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1 year
[ #BlockTime ] refers to the Time it takes for a block to be created on the blockchain. The shorter blocktime means the faster tx, but can lead to unstable hash rates. Due to #staleblock risk - valid blocks being not updated on the chain - reducing block time isn't straightforward.
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10 months
[ #Reward ] Only between Activation and Exit, validators are eligible for Rewards and Penalties, both. Validators receive rewards when they make votes that are consistent with the majority of other validators, when they propose blocks, and when they participate in sync committees.
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11 months
[ #MyComputerisATM ] At the upcoming BWB2023, @overnance will be participating as a speaker, sharing OverProtocol’s mission “My Computer is ATM.” Blockchain has never been easier than this. Get Light Full Node on your PC. Run a node at home. Join home staking. Enjoy new lifestyle.
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11 months
[ #Epoch ] In units of about 6.4 minutes, consisting of 32 slots, block proposers and attesters for each slot are assigned mainly two epochs ago. It is the basis for the selection cycle of duties, and it is also the unit of time for distributing rewards for proposal or attestation.
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10 months
[ #Synchronization ] downloads the latest version of chain to a node, validates and maintains recent blocks when firstly executed or out of date. To catch up, Over employs secure sync, dividing slot sections and receiving blocks from peers and periodically updates by every 2 slots.
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10 months
[ #Whistleblower ] It is the reward for initial slashing report, to the proposer who included the slashing evidence of misbehavior by other validators in the proposed block. It is not tied to the base reward, which is set at 1/512 of the effective balance of the slashed validator.
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1 year
[ #History ] In blockchain, 2 main data types are state and history. History is a continuous record of all Tx, acting as an archival store preserving block details. It's made up of blocks and Tx data, and each block incorporates the history, facilitating the tracing of past changes
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11 months
[ #Validator ] So far, we have seen what consists of blocks, which are the things that validators tackle with. To be specific, validators are accounts, and nodes are individual computers. Validator is an #account that proposes or attests blocks and is managed by a node operator.
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1 year
[ #BaseFee ] Minimum cost to be paid as a basic fee. Usually it's not fixed, which is calculated based on the size of the previous block (the amount of gas used). If there were many tx, then it increases. Generally, it is just deleted from the network (burn), not goes to validator.
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11 months
[ #BlockchainTrilemma ] means scalability, decentralization, security can't be satisfied all at once, chosen by philosophy. Centralizing for faster Tx sacrifices decentralization. Inviting nodes for security and decentralization reduces scalability due to increased verifying time.
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11 months
[ #AsPossibleAsICan ] To maximize uptime as a validator, it is best to maintain 24/7 network connectivity and ensure the node is operating well, as this increases the chances of successfully completing missions without missing any tasks in each turn and earning rewards from them.
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1 year
[ #Non -CustodialWallet] Crypto assets exist as data on blockchain, and wallets enable owners to access them. Custodial wallets, Exchanges manage and control assets and keys. In Non-Custodial wallets, private🔑 exclusively owned by owner, prevents 3rd entities from seizing assets.
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1 year
[ #Balance ] displays asset amount held by the account. Its status of an account changes when the account generates Tx related to the balance. If A sends 7 tokens to B, eg., code transfer(B, 7) is executed, and the balance status of each account in storage is updated: A: -7, B: +7.
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1 year
[ #Finalize ] A state that verified and included Txs are highly unlikely to change. For each specific number of blocks, a Key Checkpoint is established to confirm them. Here, if more than 2/3 of the validators approve the block, it is finalized and never be modified or reversed.
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11 months
[ #LightNode ] allows running nodes with low hardware requirements. A light node is a node operates light client software. Rather than keeping local copies of the blockchain data and independently verifying all modifications, they request the necessary data from full nodes instead.
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1 year
[ #Signature ] When the signature value is calculated (encrypted) with a function consisting of the sender's private key and hashed message, the recipient compares the hash value decrypted by the sender's public key with the original hash value of the message to check modulation.
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9 months
[ #Receipt ] The information provided by a node client to signify the outcome of a specific Tx encompasses details such as the Tx hash, block number, gas usage, and the contract's address in case a smart contract is deployed. This receipt is generated upon the completion of a Tx.
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1 year
A consensus algorithm serves as the mechanism for <producing blocks within a blockchain>. Depending on the type, the approach to proposing and validating a block can involve either hash power or stake within the chain. @overprotocol adopts Proof of Stake (POS).
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1 year
[ #StorageHash ] The contract code and storage data used by the CA are not stored directly in the account state. Instead, the contract code and key-value data are stored in a separate space, then the hash value of these is stored in the account state and uses it like an address.
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11 months
Today, a survey was provided without an answer. Anything you choose is a correct answer. You can choose up to two options, and please share your thoughts and participate in the blueprint of OverProtocol to your heart's content! We always appreciate your sincere interest. Thanks !
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10 months
[ #BaseReward ] It's the basis for weighted reward, calculated according to the number of active attesting validators from both total and your effective balance. Proposer and Attestation rewards are proportional to base reward, which receives a fraction of it for each valid action.
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10 months
[ #DoubleSigning ] is the act of validator attempting to sign and propose different blocks at the same height/slot, being the cause of " #Slash ". Under normal conditions, only one block proposer is selected in each slot to create and release a single block in its dedicated slot.
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10 months
[ #ExecutionLayer ] is responsible for executing contracts or Tx and managing state changes. All smart contracts and network rules reside in the execution layer software. To maintain performance of the node network, securing minimum of 3 Execution & 1 Consensus peers is essential.
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1 year
Follow @overprotocol and check the date we joined! This is the month when the autumn whispers the secrets in 2022! 🍁
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10 months
[ #HeadVoteReward ] Attesters have duties on a correct source, target, head vote. When they make an accurate head vote, and the attestation is included in a block in the very next slot, reward's given. The rewards are distributed among the attesters who had made the same head vote.
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10 months
[ #TransactionTraffic ] Indicates how many Txs mempool contains relative to its capacity, network usage by Txs. If avgerage gas usage to gas limit from last 5 block is <66.6%, it's #Comfy —low traffic, send fast with low gas fee. #Crowded means users are sending Txs more than usual.
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1 year
"Genesis block" refers to the very first block created in a blockchain, onto which additional blocks are added. The creation of a genesis block carries a symbolic meaning that the blockchain network has started.
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@jin_overweb3
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[ #Decentralization ] refers to how more diverse participants can join the network without relying on a single entity. It's determined by the level of verification authority granted to the subject and the accessibility to become a validator, such as the size of computing resources.
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[ #EffectiveBalance ] There're actual balance & effective balance. Effective balance is used to calculate rewards & penalties, minimum staking amount required to validator. Validator's influence is proportional to its effective balance. RANDAO probability is weighted by this value.
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[ #BlockchainExplorer ] All Tx details on the network are recorded in real time. Basically, you can check block height, latest block and Tx. You can also enter wallet address or TXID to check all records on the blockchain, including tokens the wallet holds and the its Tx history.
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10 months
[ #CorrelationPenalty ] grows with slashed validators’ effective balance. Slash initiates a token burn and a 36-day removal. Extra penalty ensues after day 18, based on the magnitude of the slashing event that a minor event with single validator is lightly punished, the other more.
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@jin_overweb3
1 year
[ #GasFee ] generally refers to the fee for executing Tx on a blockchain for using computing power and storage space of it. The number of Tx included in a block is limited, which is determined by Block Size and Gas Fee for each Tx. The higher Gas Fee, the less Tx. ※ NOT 'real' gas
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@jin_overweb3
11 months
[ #BlockBody ] consists of an array containing the UncleBlocks(Ommer Blocks)’ headers and Tx. Data is stored separately in block header & body, and other spaces containing state raw data and receipts. Root value that compresses the contents of the raw data is entered in the Header.
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11 months
[ #Uptime ] increases when a validator perform its role upon its turn, connected to the network. The ratio of executing its role without missing is displayed as #Uptime . Validator with higher uptime will generate and verify blocks reliably, and thus receiving rewards more reliably.
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@jin_overweb3
1 year
[ #Hash ] refers to the process of breaking something into pieces and producing a result, like 🥔hash browns. Hash function receives data of arbitrary size and produces an output value of a fixed size, enabling easy detection. Inverse conversion to the output value is impossible.
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@jin_overweb3
1 year
[ #Privatekey ] a PW composed of random characters and numbers, uniquely associated with address. Tx signed with private🔑 is verified by public🔑 to authenticate the sender. If it is exposed, others can generate valid signature on your behalf. Hence, extreme caution is essential.
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@jin_overweb3
10 months
[ #DoubleSpending ] is attempting incompatible TXs, like same asset transferred to two recipients simultaneously. Account-based blockchain uses account as a counter along with nonce to ensure that TX with the highest gas fee be processed when multiple TXs are sent to the same nonce
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10 months
[ #Slasher ] is an entity that scans attestations to detect slashable offenses, collecting & reporting evidence that hinders consensus. Slashings're broadcast to network and the next block proposer adds the proof to the block, receiving a reward for slashing the malicious validator
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10 months
[ #InclusionDelay ] Delayed Attestations shall be included later(not next) block, but limited space might lead to delays in including both original and delayed Attestations, causing a network-wide delay. This actually serves as a penalty, as it prevents receiving potential rewards.
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1 year
[ #Ethanos ] @overprotocol realizes #TrueDecentralization with Ethanos: "downsizes state trie by periodically emptying it, and then re-builds it only with the active accounts in the period's Tx". This cuts resource needs, letting anyone with a basic PC run a node & be a validator.
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1 year
[ #StatelessClient ] A client without block state for verifying Tx working within minimal storage, being a solution for high resources required due to infinite growth of State Trie. It does not maintain the entire State Trie, reducing sync burden when validators are newly assigned.
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10 months
[ #Bailout ] is the name of @OverProtocol ’s Validator Rescuing Mechanism. Based on the activity history, validators who are dormant above certain level are #BailedOut as a relief measure, which is to evacuate them before the balance is largely affected from the accumulated penalty.
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10 months
[ #Slashing ] Slashing happens when validators break certain protocol rules while making attestations or block proposals. This applies to actions that could be part of an attack on the chain. Being slashed means losing a big chunk of stake and getting ejected from the protocol.
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10 months
[ #RANDAO ] Randomly assigning duties unpredictably, like proposing blocks and committee roles, is crucial for security. Duties are allocated based on RANDAO, with block proposers contributing randomness through BLS signatures. RANDAO accumulates randomness from all the proposers.
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@jin_overweb3
10 months
[ #Penalty ] is the disadvantage for validators who do not complete their duties. Validators that are absent / fail to act when called upon miss rewards and lose a small portion of their existing stake, but it’s still small. Rather, some malicious intent are penalized more harshly.
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10 months
[ #blockgraffiti ] Block graffiti is an optional field that can be used to add a message to the block. Validators (stakers) can include a 32 byte long message to their block proposal. This message will be associated with the new block and can be seen on the block explorer, forever.
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@jin_overweb3
11 months
[ #Timestamp ] is the time a block was created, ensuring that proves its existence. It is a form in which one time axis is shared by all participants without depending on the centralized server’s time, included in the hash function, completing the concept of continuous chain time.
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@jin_overweb3
11 months
[ #Source ] Source is the part of the finality vote indicating what the validator see as the most recent justified block. So, it is previous epoch’s checkpoint which has already been justified. If the source vote is incorrect, then the attestation is never processed into the state.
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@jin_overweb3
1 year
[ #Codehash ] Hash value used to find the executable code's location. When a smart contract code is deployed on the chain, a new CA is created. when you send a Tx, the code causing that its action is executed in the actual code stored at the address pointed to by the CA's code hash
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1 year
Permissioned blockchains offer external anonymity. Blockchains can be categorized as open to anyone, or restricted to pre-approved participants (private or consortium). Tx data remains hidden from the public #Anonymity , while they retain other key blockchain features.
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@jin_overweb3
11 months
[ #Source #Target ] Validators, especially attesters make attestations about checkpoint block in each epoch, which are called #source and #target individually. Rewards are calculated by weighting the base reward based on whether they voted at the right checkpoint at the right time.
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10 months
[ #TransactionTip ] Max value of #priorityfee (not base fee) per gas is included as a tip to the validator. You add this fee to incentivize validators to include it in the next block. This prevents them from working on empty blocks, for providing extra rewards, enhancing security.
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@jin_overweb3
1 year
[ #Nonce ] A number assigned to Tx sent from an account, increasing by one with each transmission. Txs occur sequentially according to the nonce, so if multiple Txs are sent with the same nonce, the one which paid the highest gas fee is executed. This prevents double spending issue
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@jin_overweb3
11 months
[ #MerkleRoot ] In the Merkle tree, a data structure that summarizes all Tx info, the hash value located at the top is Merkle root. While binary tree flows from the parent node to the child node, Merkle tree is a structure that moves upward from the child node to the parent tree.
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@jin_overweb3
1 year
[ #BlockHeight ] Count of blocks from the Genesis block, which is assigned 0, to the current block - also can be said the number of blocks ahead. The use of vertical concept shows blockchain's security, which is difficult to alter underlying info for being built up from the bottom.
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1 year
[OverProtocol White Paper Released] Today, the White Paper that encompasses Over's technology and philosophy, created by our dedicated team, has been released. Check out this historic document officially at , @overprotocol , and on .
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