#Archaeologist
, got a hat (no whip though). Once known as "Yunus" among Bedouins. Demanding a revival of the venerable profession of the
#ExpeditionPainter
.
Narrator: How they'd move such monuments remains a mystery forever. ☝️🧐
Ancient Egyptians: These? Pushed them here. 😏
Narrator: Not a trace of how they could have done this. 🤷🏻♂️
Ancient Egyptians: Haha. Pushing and pulling. 💪
Narrator: Baffling. 🤯
Ancient Egyptians: 🤨
What to do with yet another grey autumn evening, you ask?
How about a trip to
#Egypt
and a tour through the
#GreatPyramid
? You don't even have to leave the sofa! 😉
🔗
So, let’s try again all together:
Documentation is not preservation.
Documentation is not preservation.
Documentation is not preservation.
Documentation is not preservation.
Documentation is not preservation.
Documentation is not preservation.
Documentation is not preservation.
#GobekliTepe
‘s monumental T-pillars are actually giant
#anthropomorphic
sculptures. Got to admit that in the beginning of my work there, more than 12 yrs ago, I found it quite ... challenging to recognize this likeness. Until we finally excavated the 'hands & loincloth' part ...
"
#Archaeology
: Why
#context
matters."
Pulling artifacts off the ground without documentation of the archaeological context … is like ripping an image from a book and tearing the rest if its pages into pieces. - You've got a nice picture, but miss the exciting actual story.
Statues aren‘t 'history'.
Statues are negotiated memorials to *a* historic narrative put on public display.
Removing these public displays means re-negotiating the narratives they represent. *That‘s* history.
Maybe fuelled by recent claims that
#Neolithic
hunters were too "simple" and thus not capable of cultural achievements, there seems to be a misunderstanding about the "
#pottery
" part in
#PrePotteryNeolithic
(PPN).
They actually *did* use vessels. Just other vessels.
A short 🧵:
In the mood for some more armchair
#archaeology
? 😉
How about another virtual trip and a little tour strolling through the excavations at the early Neolithic site of
#G
öbekliTepe in southeastern
#Turkey
?
This is a great idea!
All too often we're thinking of "treasure" or spectacular monuments when it comes to
#archaeology
- but to this day one of my favourite finds remains this Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age mud brick from a site near Aqaba in Jordan, bearing s child's footprint.
Archaeologists: what's the coolest thing you've ever excavated?
Here's my candidate: a necklace made of interlocking bone beads and Columbella shells from the burial of an adult female (
#Neolithic
Çatalhöyük, 2007)
#FindsFriday
#Archaeology
(photos
@jasonq
)
"My grandma, who passed away at almost 90 years, she never got the chance to see her ancestor," said governor Tarita Alarcón Rapu after meeting officials from the British Museum. "I am almost half a century alive and this is my first time." she added.
Hey
@AncientAliens
. Yeah, me again. Regarding that "How the heck could they have moved this?" again ...
Here’s an illustration from the tomb of
#Djehutihotep
(12th Dynasty) - showing how 172 men pull an alabaster statue (estimated to weigh 60 tons) of him. On a sledge.
Humans.
I‘m an archaeologist.
Skills people think I have:
- finding treasure
- outsmart booby traps
- battling undead creatures
Skills I actually have:
- saying "No, that‘s just a stone." in five languages
- building a complex stratigraphy of 'to read' pdf print-outs
I’m a geologist.
Skills people think I have
- Reading Ground Penetrating Radar
- Knowing the oil market
Skills I actually have
- Identifying most common minerals by sight
- Spotting new potential species in amber
- Appraising diamonds and gemstones
So, next time someone asks "How in the world could ancient people move these huge stones without advanced technology or
#AncientAliens
' help???" make sure to point out these carvings in the quarries of
#Silsila
,
#Egypt
. Because: maths and human power.
Gentle reminder that digital optical media are not meant to endure.
Long-term storage of information (as in: historically long) poses an interesting challenge now - in this case not only depending of survival of physical volumes - but also reading devices.
A DVD-R came to my desk today with disc rot, where the aluminum layer had oxidised and degraded. You can see the discolouration around the edge; it's bad enough you can even see it right through the sleeve. This disc was from 2008, so it wasn't even that old.
#digipres
#DVD
This a huge! Seriously huge. Ever heard of the
#Uluburn
#shipwreck
, discoverd in the 1980s in SW
#Turkey
, an amazing find shedding new light on a sea trade network in the Late
#BronzeAge
Mediterranean?
THERE’S ANOTHER ONE! 😲😲😲
How the Egyptian
#Pyramids
were built, is a great mystery, they say.
We have no idea how these ancient people could have done this. They say.
If only we had an eye-witness account telling us about it.
Oh, wait. There *is* one.
A thread:
But ... what about those '
#handbags
' these Neo-Assyrian eagle-headed temple-protectors are carrying around all the time? 🤔
Despite what popular TV shows want to make you believe, we actually do have an idea about these things - thanks to actual written historic sources ...
The Egyptian
#pyramids
are now used to discredit protests against racism, colonialism, and slavery ... with the argument that they've been built exploiting forced
#slave
-labour?!
They're not. Archaeologists actually got some idea about the responsible workforce ...
It's as easy as it is no mystery. 30 years of excavations also mean an enormous amount of finds and data to be sorted, processed, and finally published.
Research did not at all stand still, archaeology actually means much more than "excavating stuff" …
Gobekli Tepe is a prime example of what’s wrong with Archaeology today.
Dated 11,600yrs, it is the oldest, and perhaps most mysterious structure of Civilization.
Despite starting 29yrs ago, excavations are now more or less at a stand still, ~90% remains buried!
What answers
Most absurd take in this pseudoarchaeology set-up may be the accusation that "mainstream archaeology" is simply ignoring important sites and finds - while those narratives at the same time unashamedly exploit the year-long work and research of archaeologists at these very sites.
Why
#ContextMatters
(not only, but particularly) in
#archaeology
:
An archaeological artifact without its documented find context is … like an image ripped from a book (and the rest of the pages torn into shreds): something nice to look at, but missing the actual story about it.
Wow, simply … mindblowing. 🤯
An unmade bed. So what? - An unmade bed left 1,944 years ago in
#Pompeii
!
This is how
#archaeology
is about people, not things.
(Thanks a lot for sharing these fantastic on site impressions, Sophie! 👏)
I had the huge privilege of visiting the newly discovered room at villa Civita Giuliana and just the detail of the blanket left untidily on the bed was incredibly touching and elicited such a strong human connection to whoever it was who once occupied this room.
Remember the sound of an old slide projector? A chewing gum machine? A coffee mill?
#ConserveTheSound
puts together a virtual audio
#museum
of (almost) lost everyday
#sound
:
That escalated quickly. Don't have a Soundcloud & TED talks are why we're stuck where we are (as I learned from
@brosandprose
), so: just do me a favour, don't let anyone tell you our ancestors were incapable, dumb, or boring. Archaeology is full of cool stories to prove this.
"Your Majesty, there's nothing more permanent than a hole!", archaeologist Carl Schuchardt once explained the principle of the
#posthole
to Emperor Wilhelm II.
Some more
#SketchbookSunday
#SundayArchaeology
from the archaeologist's illustrated storybook: "A Hole's Tale" …
Guess who's really uncovering all those "mysteries" ancient sites like
#GobekliTepe
are "hiding" (under millennia of dust and rubble)?
Spoiler: Not an angry millionaire with a Netflix show, but e.g. these hardworking guys here, digging under the sun.
#ThoseWhoShovel
.
Wait, that stone with the hole there looks … familiar. 🤔
Must've been 2007, my first season at the Tepe. Typical last-day-of-field-work-find: Part of that profile crumbled and: voilà. 🫢
Not a clue of what would be waiting half a metre deeper, though. 😂
Unique discovery: At the UNESCO World Heritage Site of
#G
öbekliTepe in Türkiye the life-sized statue of a wild
#boar
, including remains of its original red, black & white colour, has been found during recent excavations by
#Istanbul_DAI
&
@istanbuledutr
:
They didn‘t vanish. To this day there are still more than 6 million
#Maya
still living in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and Honduras.
Pretending they don‘t exist any longer is separating
#indigenous
groups from their
#history
and means dispossessing their
#heritage
.
You know it was just a question of time - and someone had to do it. 🤷🏻♂️😉
"Types of
#Archaeology
Paper"
(Inspired by and with credit to
@xkcd
for the brilliant original idea.)
Short list of popular responses archaeologists get when people learn of their job (tag yourself 😉):
⚪️ "Did you find gold yet?" 💰
⚪️ "So, you‘re working in Egypt?"
⚪️ "You dig up dinosaurs?!" 🦕
⚪️ "I too wanted to be an archaeologist ... when I was a kid." 👶
Infectious disease in the Pleistocene: Old friends or old foes? "The package of infectious diseases experienced by our ancient ancestors may not be as dissimilar to modern infectious diseases as was once believed"
Why am I telling all this? Because there is another find which early on helped me better seeing and understanding this human likeness. I am, of course, talking about the so-called
#Kilisik
-sculpture found near
#Adiyaman
in Turkey in the 1960s.
#WorldToiletDay
, how's it going? 😉
(Roman latrine in form of a chariot, marble, 2nd-3rd century CE, Baths of Caracalla, Rome / Training potty in form of a racing car, plastic, 21st century CE.)
Depreciating past or indigenous people‘s achievements, their ingeniosity, innovation, and intentness simply means underestimating our own potential.
We literally still *are* these people.
Become an archaeologist they said ...
Make money! Be popular! Have fun! Everybody can bean archaeologist. 👍🤷🏻♂️
(h/t to
@ticiaverveer
for sharing this gem with me!)
Some
#SundayArchaeology
#Paleolithic
haute couture:
These ab. 25-30k y/o so-called
#Venus
figurines have been discussed a lot as religious, health & fertility symbols, & mother goddesses.
But some of them offer s glimpse at another interesting, often overlooked details …
#TrowelThursday
: Much more than Fedora or bullwhip, the trowel could be (one of) the archaeologists most iconic "tool of trade".
The Swiss Army Knife of archaeology:
Archaeologists don't bite, neither do they conspire (tbh, we even can't agree on a single citation style).
Lots of colleagues here who bring said cool archaeology stories to you, check out e.g.
@Cult_Archaeo
,
@I_VG
@DSAArchaeology
,
@FlintDibble
,
@KUHoopes
& many, many more.
Human curiosity about the
#Past
™ goes back a long time - some would even (a bit tongue-in-cheek) go so far naming an ancient Mesopotamian king history's first
#archaeologist
. 🤔😉
"Before the flint club,
or flint butcher’s tools,
The first tool of all
was a sling for the baby
to keep our hands free."
(
@neilhimself
, The Mushroom Hunters: )
#SketchbookSunday
, from the archaeologist's field sketchbook:
A busy day on site. Main excavation area at
#GobekliTepe
, view from "Wish Tree" southwest.
"Since the first little girl ever existed. There have been
#dolls
. But the dolls were always and forever ... baby dolls."
Wait, wait, wait,
#Barbie
. A 5 or 6 y/o
#Roman
girl's ivory doll (3rd/4th century, today in
@MNATTGN
) would like to have a word ...
Archaeology matters.
It really matters.
Because it belongs to all of us. Because it is not just for those who can afford it. And it is not just ABOUT those who COULD afford it.
It is yours, ours, theirs, everybody’s.
United we stand.
#SaveSheffieldArchaeology
#Dig4Arch
If you found that
#Pompeii
"pizza" (well, focaccia) fresco fascinating, you've got to see this! 😉
A builder just called it a day 79 CE, left roof tiles and bricks and measurement notes written in charcoal, intending to resume work the next day …
#Excavations
continue in
#pompeii
: this house in regio IX was being restructured when
#Vesuvius
erupted as tiles and bricks stored in the atrium show …
We also have to consider a variety of other vessels made from material simply not preserved, e.g. leather containers or wood and bark
#vessels
- like the exceptional examples found with Late Neolithic/Chalcolihtic #Ötzi or the Bronze Age
#Egtved
Girl's burial in Denmark:
" I thought I wanted to die. I did not realise that I just wanted to kill the emotion that was slowly killing me."
See how depression goes back thousands of years.
By:
@Moudhy
Woher wissen Archäolog:innen eigentlich, wo sie graben sollen? Was passiert auf so einer
#Ausgrabung
? Und was danach mit den Funden? 🤔
Hab ich aufgeschrieben - und
@hanserliteratur
hat's gedruckt. 🫢
Ab Herbst nachzulesen (aber schon vorbestellbar 😉):
"In
#Ireland
archaeologists found the skeleton of a baby with
#DownSyndrome
who died nearly 4,000 years ago - the oldest confirmed case of Down syndrome."
Fascinating report by
@spoke32
on "How Long Ago Humans Cared For The Vulnerable":
via
@NPR
Even stuck at home (and remember: it‘s for a reason - which is our all health) you can visit some really fascinating places.
Like e.g. ... the
#excavations
and early
#Neolithic
monuments at
#GobekliTepe
in Turkey:
(h/t
@dutpekmezi3
)
This. So much more of this!
If we're asking for understanding why digging up nice collectible things is causing such harm and loss in information, we also need to make clear why its indeed not about objects …
@lootplunder
I'd make the point however that what is important is not an object-centred what was taken, but the damage done to the archaeological record digging blindly to get the "nice collectable things" out and discarding the (less collectable) rest of the disturbed contents of the site.
#Archaeology
is not a
#conspiracy
.
Despite what that apparently currently quite popular You Tube video tries to suggest, the World Economic Forum is neither one single organization holding together all threads nor is it, at all, controlling any single archaeological excavation.
#SketchbookSunday
: Archaeologists are essential to an excavation site for sure. Anthropologists, zoologists, botanists, and architects are needed too.
But it is the many local workmen doing the actual digging, who keep the whole thing running.
Here‘s to them. ✊
Another day in the office? - Ever wondered what we’re doing on such an
#excavation
day out there in the field?
Here‘s a "Tale from a Tell", some little thread from the
#archaeologist
‘s field
#journal
and
#sketchbook
:
It's
#WorldSoilDay
by the way.
Göbekli Tepe's excavation dog Kurt really appreciates all our effort on site to just provide him with a fine cosy heap of softly sieved sediment. 😉
#FindsFriday
: Hollow crane bone from the
#Mesolithic
burial (c. 9,000 years ago) of the so-called
#Shamaness
from
#BadD
ürrenberg - a container for
#microliths
(tiny precise stone blades), put in & taken out through a small opening.
Yes, that’s your prehistoric
@xacto
knife. 😉
EvD: "Ancient Egyptians had no idea who built the pyramids." 🤷🏻♂️
Merer, actual ancient Egyptian construction inspector working at Giza, in his diary: "Another day of stone-dragging in the quarries. Tomorrow back to Cheops’ pyramid. So. Much. Fun."
Vor 2000 Jahren schrieb Diodor von Sizilien über Ägypten. Er kannte auch die Werke aller Historiker, die bereits v o r ihm darüber geschrieben hatten. „Keiner weiss, wer die Pyramiden gebaut hat“. So ist es: die alten Ägypter wussten n i c h t,wer der Bauherr der Pyramiden war.
The "Diary of
#Merer
" (
#PapyrusJarf
A & B, found in 2013 by a French expedition under direction of Sorbonne University's Pierre Tallet in a cave in Wadi al-Jarf) includes the logbooks of workers who took part in the construction of the Great
#Pyramid
of
#Giza
.
Tarihin Sıfır Noktasında Heyecan Yaratan Keşif
Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı'nca yapılan açıklamada; Karahantepe’de sürdürülen arkeolojik kazılarda gerçekçi bir insan heykeli ve Göbeklitepe’deki kazılarda yaban domuzu heykeli açığa çıkartıldı.
Detaylar⬇️
Of course
#NevaliCori
‘s pillars were already known for some time, complete with hands and stola-like garments. But their abstracted and stylised appearance (still impressively expressionistic to me, by the way) made it a bit of a challenge to easily accept their human shape.
The point is: They could - and *did* make vessels.
Just not pottery vessels. Probably because of the fragility of this material - which may not be the most practical thing for highly mobile people repeatedly packing up all their stuff and moving on to the next place.
Well, the boar's out of the bag: There's yet *another* great recent discovery from Pre-Pottery
#Neolithic
Anatolia!🙌
A, with 130 cm life-sized (!),
#boar
sculpture 🐗, including traces of former painting (!!) 🧑🎨 with red, black, and white pigments from
#G
öbekliTepe.
Ancient girl Amazon warrior no older than 13 is confirmed by modern scientific techniques. Warrior’s grave found in 1988 was identified as male - yet now the 2,600-year-old teenager is revealed to be female
Since we're all still here ... how about a little tour through the
#Neolithic
exhibition of Urfa's new archaeological museum?
Well, at least the part I'm somehow familiar with ... which means the Pre-Pottery Neolithic
#GobekliTepe
finds on display there.
And hey, once you‘re finished (virtually) exploring
#GobekliTepe
... how about another (virtual) excursion through
@SMuzesi
, the archaeological
#museum
in
#Sanliurfa
(exhibiting quite a number of our finds from the site ... and much more)? 😉
Well known and clearly associated with
#PrePotteryNeolithic
contexts are e.g.
#StoneVessels
from different places like
#K
örtikTepe in Turkey or
#JerfElAhmar
and
#TellAbr
in Syria as well as (often fragmented though) many more related sites (including Göbekli Tepe by the way).
This is another great example why
#archaeology
is so careful about what and when and where to excavate - and to resist complete excavation: To not only leave such delicate finds for improved future analytical but also conservational treatment!
This photograph was taken in 1974 and shows the freshly excavated pit with 2,000-year-old terracotta warriors still showing the original color scheme before the rapid deterioration that made them as we know them today.