Welsh linguist in Philadelphia. I grow languages in the lab. Opinions my own. He.
Ieithydd o Gymro yn Philadelphia. Tyfaf ieithoedd yn y lab. Barnau fy hun. Fo.
This happened to me once:
Immigration Officer: Where do you live?
Me: Philadelphia.
IO: How can you live there?
Me: Oh, it's not so bad. The weather's better than the UK...
IO: No. As a UK Citizen, how can you live there?
Me: Oh, I see. I'm on an H1B.
IO: There you go.
immigration officer to me at JFK today: Why do you live in America?
me to immigration officer: Frankly that's a question I ask myself every day
Immigration officer (straight face): No I don’t mean existentially, I’m asking what you do here in the United States
me: oh
This reminds me of when I was a student waiting for a bus in Nottingham and a woman was getting off holding a baby and needing to get a folded pushchair out. I must have put my hands out as an offer to help, but instead of accepting help with the pushchair she handed me her baby.
I think I've mentioned this before on here. I was an undergrad at the time. I sort of assume she was tired and not thinking very clearly, but she gave every impression that this felt like no big deal to her, which is how society *should* be!
Married dudes how did you find your wife’s ring size? Obtaining that intel incognito seems like a challenge that isn’t really talked about a whole lot from what I’ve seen.
It is extremely common for nonlinguists to refer to languages as “ancient” or “the oldest language in Europe” or (as here) “one of the oldest languages in the world’. They should stop. 1/
This is one of those things that is common in many many places (including most of Britain and Ireland, among a number of other countries) but which people keep thinking is super specific to where they live
People in Glasgow thank the bus driver when they're getting off the bus. I think it's a brilliant tradition and I don't think it exists anywhere else in Britain or Ireland...does it?
@AlexRoseGames
@Helene_G_du_P_M
Ask her how many legs a spider has. When I lived in Russia I was intrigued to discover it's not common knowledge there in the way it is in other countries I've lived.
Even after living here for 13 years, I still get caught off guard by the difference in what "middle class" tends to imply in 🇺🇸 (ordinary working family, not especially well-off) versus 🇬🇧 (posh, high-earning).
The Latin name for Gaul was Gallia. These two names are unrelated.
The name Galicia in Spain is not related to either.
The name Galicia in Eastern Europe is unrelated to any of these.
The word Gaelic is unrelated to any of the above words.
This is not an April fool's joke.
Fun fact: William Jones, the Welsh farm boy from Llanfihangel Tre'r Beirdd who introduced the symbol π for 3.14159..., was the father of the William Jones who realised that Sanskrit, Latin, and Greek might all be related to each other, and to the Germanic and Celtic languages.
@focusfronting
Pretty much any narrative that identifies some group of humans as magically immune to the vices of other humans is doomed to age extremely badly (and is often genuinely dangerous)
Undergraduate institutions of British Prime Ministers since Churchill (who did not attend university):
Oxford
Oxford
Oxford
Oxford
Oxford
Oxford
None
Oxford
None
Oxford
Edinburgh
Oxford
Oxford
Oxford
Oxford
Oxford
When I talk to people outside academia they often ask me what the applications of my work are. I'm increasingly inclined to simply reject the question. Learning more about things and understanding things better are valuable in themselves.
why would anybody be *shocked* by an £800k taxpayer-funded Shakespeare study? it’s Shakespeare?? the writer who we have collectively decided — for better or worse — is Britain’s greatest artist???
@Swilua
It was very practical and rational—it was a good distribution of labour and the chances of me doing anything bad were very low. But I still don't think it's the choice most people would have made!
In my case we talked about the possibility beforehand and sized her finger and talked about ring tastes. Then I surprised her with the timing of the proposal and the ring itself.
Academics don't get paid anything for their papers; in fact many journals charge the authors to publish. So if you pay money to a journal for a copy of a paper, the authors see 0% of it.
Fun fact: William Jones, the Welsh farm boy from Llanfihangel Tre'r Beirdd who introduced the symbol π for 3.14159..., was the father of the William Jones who realised that Sanskrit, Latin, and Greek might all be related to each other, and to the Germanic and Celtic languages.
This. People often imagine that languages spread widely because they're easy to learn or otherwise linguistically well suited to the task. In fact, such things are pretty much irrelevant.
Languages spread by the military, economic, and cultural power of their speakers.
English is not an easy language to learn. The reason so many people speak it across the globe isn’t because of how easy it is, it’s because of olden days bullying and force
As a linguist, I can say: There are many things to be concerned about, but this isn't one of them. This is just Language doing what it does and what it has been doing since there's been Language.
I’m noticing more people using ‘is’ when the noun is plural and they should be using ‘are.’ I guess it isn’t important but it just adds to my general feeling of dread over the state of things.
My favourite (somewhat but not entirely tongue-in-cheek) criterion for distinguishing languages from dialects: If you attempt to speak it and its speakers are impressed, it's a language. If you attempt to speak it and its speakers are offended, it's a dialect.
@KTHopkins
I went through Welsh-medium education. Now I'm an Ivy League professor forced to live in Trump's America while Britain makes one of the stupidest decisions of its history. I can't prove any of this is due to Welsh-medium education, but I'm not sure you're looking for proper data.
The evidence for bilingualism having cognitive benefits beyond the ability to speak another language is very poor, but I'll tell you this: I've never ever met anyone who regretted being bilingual. I've met many people, however, who regret that they're not.
But the romantic idea of secretly buying an expensive ring and using it to propose to someone who isn't expecting to be asked is not a great model for other reasons. You really don't want their answer—in either direction—to be influenced by the feeling of having been surprised!
@christapeterso
@name17861547
If you tip via an app, you are essentially giving money to the restaurant and hoping they redistribute it to the workers. So it may be that this is actually a tip button that acknowledges that. Or it's a trick.
If you are at all involved in writing instructions for
#BoardGames
, please please do NOT refer to players who could be of any gender as "he". Just don't. This is depressingly common and there is absolutely no good reason for it.
I similarly felt vaguely jealous for a little while of people who owned really big bath towels. Then I realised that the only difference between me and them was that they'd bought some really big bath towels.
Every so often my clothes wear out and I run low on things like socks, underwear, or pajama pants. It takes me slightly longer than it should do at this stage of my life to recall that I can quite easily buy new ones.
We live next door to a Chinese couple who speak very little English. Their (4ish?) grandson is currently up a tree in their back yard doing a language exchange with my daughter (6;7) who is going to teach him how to say hello in Welsh if he tells her how to say it in Chinese.
@Swilua
It was very practical and rational—it was a good distribution of labour and the chances of me doing anything bad were very low. But I still don't think it's the choice most people would have made!
This is not a silly question. Given that plenty of languages do fine with even less gender marking than English (some languages don't even have any gendered pronouns), it's not obvious why some other languages have it, given that it presumably imposes at least some cost..
@evolpebligh
@maryhitchman
I have a teach yourself Scottish Gaelic book somewhere in which the first dialogue involves a highlander telling you how crappy life is, before inviting you home, where at least he has whisky.
@camruined
A lot of people are slightly missing the point by saying that taxes can change within short distances. After all, shops tend to remain fairly stationary, and they have to calculate the tax at point of sale anyway, so the could put it on the price tag!
If you ever do need to surprise someone completely with a ring, a straightforward option is to secretly borrow a ring they already own and take that with you to the jeweler. (Of course this only works if they already own rings that they often take off.)
English "much" is not related to Spanish "mucho". Latin "habere" (ancestor of French "avoir", Spanish "haber" etc.) is not related to German "haben" or English "have". Language is packed to the gills with astounding-seeming coincidences.
A fun (if in parts grisly) little article worth reading should you ever be tempted to believe that this or that work of literature contains deliberate anagrams concealing secret messages
People are often surprised to be told that language is changing all the time. But to recognise this you surely only have to listen to people speak in recordings that were made easily within the lifetimes of people around today.
What sort of thing did Australians expect to find in England? 🌏
#OnThisDay
1961: Alan Whicker interviewed some Aussies just before they set sail from Melbourne to Essex.
Astonishing and infuriating how many people think that asking ChatGPT is a reliable way to get good-quality information. When various people pointed out that it's not, this person replied to suggest that the only alternative was to bother experts on Twitter with questions 🙄
It is interesting that Old English names are so deprecated in England. My impression is that the Norman Conquest just destroyed their social prestige so decisively that they never recovered. I'm curious if people who know more think that's right though.
It's dumb that some Anglo-Saxon names sound incredibly lame now. Egbert is Old English for ‘blade-bright’ (ecgberht), it was born by warriors and kings. Mildred meant ‘kind strength’ (mildþryþ). We’re gonna have to revive Old English for people to appreciate the names.
Your regular reminder that it is literally impossible to speak your language without an accent. It's like claiming your tongue doesn't have a colour or your foot doesn't have a size.
If something is true of how most English speakers use the language, then that’s a fact about English; how could it be an error? On what basis could the minority form be more correct? 5/
I was wondering if someone familiar with 🇺🇸 academia can help me understand something. My chair just told me that apparently I've been given ten year (sic) to associate [with?] a professor. Does this make sense to anyone?
Let's put this in simple terms: If your main language is English and you make fun of how another language is spelled and pronounced, you look like a dumbass
Tired of reemphasising points about "correctness" and "grammaticality" in language. So here are some fun linguistic facts:
1. Not all languages have tense
2. There are around 6000 languages in the world of which about 5% are sign languages
3. Most people are multilingual
A reminder that this is not a coherent statement. If there's a grammatical rule that English speakers tend to break, then it's not a rule of English. 🧵
This is one of the biggest differences between how linguists think about language and how non-linguists tend to. And it’s a VERY familiar point. In fact it’s a feature of the first class in most introductory linguistics classes and the first chapter in most textbooks. 2/
Historically humans have often been wary of directly naming entities they're scared of or are wary of invoking. So they'll change the word in some way, or replace it with more innocuous word that (e.g.) starts with the same sound. This is called taboo deformation. (1/n)
In my case we talked about the possibility beforehand and sized her finger and talked about ring tastes. Then I surprised her with the timing of the proposal and the ring itself.
This is partly because it’s almost never clear what they mean by “oldest” and partly because—even if age if defined very precisely—it’s usually very hard to differentiate languages helpfully on this basis. 2/
Of the countries I've lived in, the US is easily the most welcoming to people not born there. But the flip side (and, really, driver) of this attitude is that many many Americans don't really fully understand the concept of *not* being American.
The issue can be exemplified quite well with the statement “Most speakers of English make this grammar error”. This claim is meaningful and plausible to many non-linguists but it's probably pretty much nonsensical to most linguists! 4/
Following this tradition, here are some pairs of words that do in fact have a common ancestor
Eng. cow; Eng. bovine (from Latin bos)
Eng. hemp; Eng. cannabis (from Greek κάνναβις)
Eng. feather; Eng. pen (from Latin penna)
Eng. two; Armenian երկու (erku)
I prefer to honour St April's Day by presenting real facts that look false. So here are some pairs of words that are NOT related.
Eng. have; Fr. avoir "have"
Fr. Gaule; Lat. Gallia "Gaul"
Eng. comrade; Welsh cymrawd "fellow; comrade"
Eng. much; Sp. mucho "much"
"Welsh doesn't have any vowels!" is possibly the most annoying language myth to counter for a Welsh linguist because, not only do you have to explain why it's false, you ideally also have to explain how a vowel isn't really best thought of as a kind of letter.
Because that's how you'd expect a word spelled like that to be pronounced in Irish. Other languages exist and they have different spelling systems. Grow up.
It also follows that the minority form is no less correct. It’s not like we put this up for vote. A lot of people seem to think that, if there’s variation, one variant must be the best one. But that’s just not true. 6/
TIL that the Welsh-speaking population of the US (especially in PA and NY) was sufficiently large in 1860 that the Lincoln election campaign had 100,000 pamphlets published in Welsh.
This—as many other linguists (and non-linguists) have pointed out—is simply, straightforwardly, strikingly wrong. And to a great extent it's based on language myths that we try to dispel in introductory linguistics classes. 1/
"they" will not become a part of general usage, not for political reasons but because there would be no pronoun to distinguish between a singular subject ("they") & a plural subject ("they"). language seeks to communicate w/ clarity, not to obfuscate; that is its purpose.
And yes yes yes, I know that well off people in the US consider themselves middle-class too. The point is what is implied by Harris promoting "her middle class roots". It doesn't mean she promoted her well-off comfortable background!
"If you was" is grammatical in a number of varieties of English, just not in the main standard varieties. Is there honestly any reason to feel this should have been written in one of the latter instead of what's presumably the native variety of the child and/or teacher?
It's long been a dream of mine to submit—under an assumed name—a paper or abstract to a language evolution outlet in which it becomes gradually clear (*gradually* mind you) that I've fundamentally misunderstood the distinction between pidgin and pigeon.
Heard an actual radio commercial trying to make a joke about communicating with pigeons via a language called..."Pige-Latin". FOLKS IF YOU FIND YOURSELVES IN THIS SITUATION ASK A LINGUIST FOR THE CORRECT PUN, BECAUSE PIGE-LATIN IS NOT IT
But offering unsolicited “corrections” on other people’s language when you don’t know that? If you’re not trying to be an ass then I have bad news for you... 25/25
Examples in textbooks for modern languages like Russian:
Привет! Меня зовут Паша. Я студент из Ярославля. Я изучаю историю.
Hi! My name's Pasha. I'm a student from Yaroslavl. I study history.
Examples from textbooks for ancient languages like Middle Egyptian:
English and Welsh have a common ancestor that was spoken some six millennia ago on (most likely) the Pontic-Caspian steppe. So in this sense English and Welsh are exactly as old as each other. And their common ancestor, Proto-Indo-European, will have its own ancestors. 9/
I think there's an interesting point about language here. I assume "technically correct" means that we should put aside what people actually say and get down to the fundamental ground truth of how English actually is.
But here's the thing: It doesn't exist. 1/
TIL in the very first book, The Man in the Yellow Hat was a poacher who kidnapped Curious George from the wilds of Africa then brought him back to his bachelor pad to smoke a pipe.
It's quite common to hear people say this sort of thing from time to time. To a linguist, however, it's like hearing people announce that poodles aren't animals.
... the question of “how long this language and its ancestors have been spoken in this particular place” is quite different from the question of “how long the language has existed anywhere”! 7/
But a non-linguist friend asked me—somewhat tongue-in-cheek—to weigh in on it following a holiday argument they’d had, so I thought it might be worth saying something about it here for anyone who might appreciate a linguist’s thoughts on it. 3/
@mage_leader
@gilestelscanvas
Wait. Are you genuinely trying to suggest that describing... *checks notes*... Mary Renault, W. H. Auden, and E. M. Forster as non-straight is "retconning"? Have I got that right?
I prefer to honour St April's Day by presenting real facts that look false. So here are some pairs of words that are NOT related.
Eng. have; Fr. avoir "have"
Fr. Gaule; Lat. Gallia "Gaul"
Eng. comrade; Welsh cymrawd "fellow; comrade"
Eng. much; Sp. mucho "much"