First Aid Team @firstaidteam Twitter profile

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First Aid Team

@firstaidteam

2 years

What vitamin deficiency causes the ocular manifestation shown in the image? #LoveHowYouLearn #FlashFacts

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7 years

The hamburger sign - If you suspect appendicitis, but the pt wants to eat, reconsider your Dx (FA 2CK, 9/e, p505)

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7 years

It takes more than 6 hours for ischemic changes of the brain to show up on CT scan

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2 years

What is the skin lesion in this image? #LoveHowYouLearn #FlashFacts

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7 years

Diverticulosis is the most common cause of sudden-onset lower GI bleeding in pts older than 40 (FA 2CK, 9/e, p146)

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6 years

Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine can prevent minor transfusion reactions (FA 2CK, 9/e, p182)

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6 years

Erlotinib is useful against NSCLC (non-small cell lung carcinoma) (FAS1 2018, p430)

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6 years

A vestibular schwannoma typically presents with unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and loss of balance

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@firstaidteam

7 years

Common side effects of β-blockers include fatigue, impotence, bradycardia, depression, bronchospasm, and exacerbation of CHF (FA 2CK, 9/e, p40)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

A man presents with RBC aplasia and rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms. What viral infection does he have?

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@firstaidteam

7 years

The suprascapular nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle, which is commonly injured in pitchers (FAS1 2017, p425)

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@firstaidteam

2 years

What is the name of the cytoplasmic inclusions found in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and hippocampus in rabies? #LoveHowYouLearn #FlashFacts

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6 years

Hepatitis B and C are associated with ↑ incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (FAS1 2018, p684)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

Anti-dsDNA antibodiesare specific for lupus, predict a poor prognosis; kidneys often affected when these antibodies present(FAS1 2017, p443)

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@firstaidteam

6 years

Aminoglycosides are ineffective against anaerobes because they require oxygen (FAS1 2017, p187)

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@firstaidteam

3 years

In a patient with dermatomyositis, what is the name for the pathology shown in the image? #LoveHowYouLearn #FlashFacts

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@firstaidteam

6 years

Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator are transmitted cutaneously (They get into your feet from the SANd)(FAS1 2018, p158)

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@firstaidteam

6 years

Women between the ages of 30 and 65 should have a Pap smear every 3 years or Pap smear and HPV testing every 5 years (FA 2CK, 9/e, p71)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

Calcium oxalate, uric acid, and cystine stones present with acidic urine (FA 2CK, 9/e, p484)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine can prevent minor transfusion reactions (FA 2CK, 9/e, p182)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

A man with RBC aplasia and rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms is likely to have Parvovirus B19 (FAS1 2017, p160)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

Two causes of primary hyperaldosteronism are adrenal adenoma (Conn syndrome) or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (FAS1 2017, p324)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

Rheumatoid nodules are areas of fibrinoid necrosis with palisading histiocytes, found in subcutaneous tissue and lungs (FAS1 2017, p439)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

Dx=Locked-in syndrome, most likely due to basilar artery occlusion (although sometimes caused by Duret hemorrhages in the pons)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

CN IV (trochlear nerve: superior oblique muscles) & CN VI (abducens nerve: lateral rectus muscles) control only eye movement, not pupillary constriction (FAS1 2017, p476)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

Diarrhea defined as production of more than 200 g of feces per day along with increased frequency or liquidity of stool (FA 2CK, 9/e, p140)

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6 years

Dx=Locked-in syndrome, most likely due to basilar artery occlusion (although sometimes caused by Duret hemorrhages in the pons)

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@firstaidteam

6 years

Libman-Sacks endocarditis: noninfectious vegetations found on the mitral valve in association with SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome. #LoveHowYouLearn

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@firstaidteam

7 years

Prematurity, oligospermia, infertility, Prader-Willi syndrome, Noonan syndrome are associated with bilateral cryptorchidism (FA 2CK, 9/e, p420)

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@firstaidteam

6 years

Distinguish hypothyroid myopathy: ↑ TSH (if 1°), ↑ CK from thyrotoxic myopathy: ↓ TSH (if 1°), normal CK (FAS1 2018, p335)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

A 55-y/o man presents with a new skin rash on his shins. He has a history of chronic abdominal pain, weight loss, and watery diarrhea. Dx?

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6 years

Regulatory T cells secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines to regulate immune function. IL-10 and TGF-β are involved in this process (FAS1 2018, p102)

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6 years

Staphylococcus aureus toxin (TSST-1) is responsible for toxic shock syndrome (FA 2CK, 9/e, p350)

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6 years

Start phototherapy in preterm infants with jaundice when the unconjugated bilirubin level is 10-15 mg/dL (FA 2CK, 9/e, p71)

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7 years

Pneumococcal and influenza vaccines are recommended for pts with COPD (FA 2CK, 9/e, p452)

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7 years

Caput medusae in the abdomen results from portosystemic anastomoses when it involves the paraumbilical and epigastric veins(FAS1 2017, p350)

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6 years

A 35-y/o woman, G1P1, has been unable to conceive over the past 2 years. Both FSH and LH levels are elevated. Dx?

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7 years

Uremia is the cause of death for most pts with untreated cervical carcinomas and bilateral ureteral obstruction (FA 2CK, 9/e, p356)

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6 years

Acute diarrhea is defined as acute onset with duration of < 2 weeks, usually infectious and self-limiting (FA 2CK, 9/e, p140)

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7 years

Liver and lung are the most common sites of metastasis after the regional lymph nodes (FAS1 2017, p221)

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7 years

Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia (causing secondary hyperparathyroidism), hyperkalemia are common in CKD (FA 2CK, 9/e, p475)

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7 years

Urinary incontinence is a late finding in Alzheimer disease that is often mistaken for normal pressure hydrocephalus (FA 2CK, 9/e, p278)

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@firstaidteam

6 years

3rd-degree burn: the epidermis, full thickness of the dermis, and deeper tissues are involved; the affected area is painless, charred, and white (FA 2CK, 9/e, p506)

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6 years

Phenytoin/fosphenytoin and carbamazepine are teratogenic (Valproic acid is contraindicated during pregnancy)(FAS1 2018, p528)

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7 years

Penicillins, furosemide, NSAIDs, proton pump inhibitors, sulfa drugs can cause interstitial nephritis (FAS1 2017, p242)

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7 years

Erlotinib is useful against NSCLC (non-small cell lung carcinoma) (FAS1 2017, p420)

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First Aid Team

@firstaidteam

7 years

Aminoglycosides are ineffective against anaerobes because they require oxygen (FAS1 2017, p187)

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First Aid Team

@firstaidteam

7 years

The most common causes of bacterial meningitis in adolescents are N meningitidis andS pneumoniae (FA 2CK, 9/e, p398)

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@firstaidteam

6 years

Thyroid cancers from best to worst prognosis: papillary, follicular, undifferentiated/anaplastic (FAS1 2018, p338)

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6 years

Pt assumed to be brain dead is later found to make vertical eye movements and blink. No other movement is present. Dx?

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2 years

A patient has the finger findings shown. Biopsy shows excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition. Is this patient most likely male or female? #LoveHowYouLearn #FlashFacts

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7 years

Mitral valve prolapse is usually benign but can predispose pts to infective endocarditis (FAS1 2017, p279)

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@firstaidteam

3 years

What is the name of the swellings shown in the image? #LoveHowYouLearn #FlashFacts

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@firstaidteam

2 years

Nifedipine, Methyldopa, Labetalol, Hydralazine (New Moms Love Hugs) (First Aid for the #USMLE Step 1 2022, p. 323) #LoveHowYouLearn #FlashFacts

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@firstaidteam

7 years

Babesiosis dx is made with a blood smear (look for "Maltese cross" or ring forms) or PCR

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7 years

A pt taking a drug that prevents transplant rejection by inhibiting calcineurin has gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism. What is she taking?

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@firstaidteam

2 years

Which 2 diseases are associated with both HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 subtypes? #LoveHowYouLearn #FlashFacts

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7 years

High levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy inhibit the action of prolactin on the breast (FA 2CK, 9/e, p329)

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@firstaidteam

4 years

A patient with meningitis has an ↑ opening pressure on lumbar puncture. CSF analysis shows ↑ protein, ↓ glucose, and a neutrophilic pleocytosis. Diagnosis? #LoveHowYouLearn #FlashFacts

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7 years

Dx=Mild preeclampsia, diagnosed when a pt has BP ≥ 140/90 but < 160/110, proteinuria of >300 mg/24 hr, edema but no other symptoms

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@firstaidteam

7 years

A vestibular schwannoma typically presents with unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and loss of balance

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@firstaidteam

7 years

The 4 A’s of dementia are amnesia, apraxia, aphasia, agnosia (FA 2CK, 9e, p430)

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7 years

What 2 cranial nerves control only eye movement (but not pupillary constriction)? Reply/RT for a chance to win 6 months of Flash Facts!

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7 years

The 3 stages of acne lesions are comedonal, inflammatory, and scar (FA 2CK, 9/e, p68)

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7 years

Postsurgical adhesions are the most common cause of SBO in the US, followed by hernias

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@firstaidteam

7 years

The hamburger sign - If you suspect appendicitis, but the pt wants to eat, reconsider your Dx (FA 2CK, 9/e, p505)

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First Aid Team

@firstaidteam

7 years

A man with RBC aplasia and rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms is likely to have Parvovirus B19 (FAS1 2017, p160)

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@firstaidteam

2 years

What happens to the relationship between PA, Pa, and Pv in zone 2 as shown in the diagram? #LoveHowYouLearn #FlashFacts

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8 years

Benzodiazepines are useful for treating night terrors and sleepwalking because they shorten REM sleep (FAS1 2016, p457)

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7 years

Appropriate absolute polycythemia is associated with high altitude, lung disease, congenital heart disease (FAS1 2017, p411)

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@firstaidteam

6 years

Troponin I is more specific and sensitive in myocardial infarction (FA 2CK, 9/e, p33) #Step2CK #Qmax #USMLERx

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7 years

Which chemotherapeutic agent is known to cause photosensitivity?

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5 years

An 18 yo IV drug user presents with fever. He has a new murmur and the nail-bed lesions shown in the image. Most likely causative organisms? #LoveHowYouLearn #FlashFacts

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7 years

Anti-dsDNA antibodies are specific for lupus; the kidneys are often affected when these antibodies are present (FAS1 2017, p443)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

The muscle relaxant baclofen is used for muscle spasms and multiple sclerosis (FAS1 2017, p520)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

Tension pneumothorax requires immediate needle decompression (FA 2CK, 9/e, p465)

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@firstaidteam

6 years

A 65-y/o man presents with unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and loss of balance. What tumor are you concerned about?

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@firstaidteam

4 years

We have just added a brand new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) brick to the Respiratory collection of Rx Bricks. This brick covers #COVID19 's: - Epidemiology - Viral characteristics - Risk factors - Diagnostic work-ups, and - Management and prevention plans

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@firstaidteam

8 years

Protein loss is <1.5g/day in nephritic syndrome and ≥3.5g/day in nephrotic syndrome (FA 2CK, 9e, p477)

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7 years

Cefazolin and cephalexin are 2 examples of first-generation cephalosporins (FAS1 2017, p185)

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8 years

Esophageal cancer metastasizes early because the esophagus lacks a serosal layer (FA 2CK, 9e, p135)

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7 years

Hepatitis B and C are associated with ↑ incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (FAS1 2017, p375)

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7 years

Pt with coarctation of the aorta will have systolic BP higher in the upper extremities and weak femoral pulses (FA 2CK, 9/e, p375)

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7 years

Classic findings in hypoparathyroidism are tetany (eg, Chvostek and Trousseau signs), hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia (FAS1 2017, p331)

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6 years

Use the mnemonic MUDPILES to remember the causes of an anion gap metabolic acidosis: Methanol, Uremia, DKA, Paraldehyde/Phenformin, Iron/INH, Lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol, Salicylates (FA 2CK, 9/e, p473) #Step2CK #Qmax #USMLERx

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6 years

Pts with duodenal ulcers tend to have hypertrophy of which glands?

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4 years

Acetaminophen is metabolized to NAPQI in the liver; excess NAPQI depletes glutathione; ↓ glutathione allows toxic byproduct buildup in the liver, which causes necrosis (First Aid for the #USMLE Step 1 2020, p. 485) #LoveHowYouLearn #FlashFacts

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7 years

Dx=Locked-in syndrome, most likely due to basilar artery occlusion (although sometimes caused by Duret hemorrhages in the pons)

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First Aid Team

@firstaidteam

7 years

The following thyroid cancers from best to worst prognosis: papillary, follicular, undifferentiated/anaplastic (FAS1 2017, p330)

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@firstaidteam

7 years

Pt is taking cyclosporine; tacrolimus has the same toxicity as cyclosporine but does not cause gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism

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@firstaidteam

7 years

Prescribe Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for a pt with resistant acute otitis media (FA 2CK, 9/e, p395)

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7 years

In cardiac ausculatation, sound S3 indicates the end of rapid ventricular filling; associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (FA 2CK, 9e, p29)

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@firstaidteam

8 years

The most common human enzyme deficiency is Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (FAS1 2016, p90)

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6 years

Fetal defects associated w/ organic mercury exposure during pregnancy: cerebral atrophy, microcephaly, mental retardation, spasticity, seizures, blindness (FA 2CK, 9/e, p303)

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7 years

McRoberts maneuver is elevation of the leg to assist in a delivery where the infant is at risk for shoulder dystocia (FA 2CK, 9/e, p323)

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4 years

Abdominal aorta > Coronary artery > Popiteal artery > Carotid artery > circle of Willis ("A CoPy Cat named Willis") (First Aid for the #USMLE Step 1 2020, p. 302) #LoveHowYouLearn #FlashFacts

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7 years

Folate is absorbed in the small bowel (FAS1 2017, p358)

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7 years

5-FU is known to cause photosensitivity (FAS1 2017, p241)

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7 years

A 30-y/o man presents with difficulty seeing at night. You note extremely dry skin and poor nutrition. Dx?

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7 years

Pt w/ congenital long QT syndrome may he also have Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome (autosomal recessive) or Romano-Ward syndrome (autosomal dominant)

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