donnoh.eth 💗 @donnoh_eth Twitter profile

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

18 days

A short exercise to test your mental models

How to build the safest (and dumbest) Optimium

An exercise to test your mental models on rollups and optimiums.

scalability.guide

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

Congrats to @zksync 🥳 the first project to process more txs in a month than Ethereum itself

donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

Despite the Inscriptions craze, no project managed to surpass Ethereum's 30 days transactions count who'll be the first? 👀

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

4 months

The L1 cost reduction for the sequencer is truly impressive, congrats @zksync

L2BEAT 💗

@l2beat

4 months

Aaaand the first L2 to use blobs is @zksync ! 👏 More projects to follow in the coming days - remember to check our new DA tab for updates!

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

😭 @Blast_L2 really added a function named "withdrawAndLosePoints()" 😭😭

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

just deployed , a website to easily check how much you have to wait to include a blacklisted tx with the current % of censoring nodes or a custom amount a weekend project by @emilianobonassi and me 🏗️

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 month

. @Taikoxyz currently pays an insane onchain cost of almost $1M per **week** even with blobs, and with only ~358K txs, or around ~$2.50 per L2 tx for comparison, every project except Scroll pays <$60K per week

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

13 days

The Polygon vs ZKsync drama is so tiring. Please copy each other. I beg you. After reading the code of all major systems, I guarantee that we would have saved millions of hours if teams just looked at each other code instead of reinventing the same thing over and over but worse

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

Differences and similarities between @optimismFND Bedrock and @arbitrum Nitro deposits:

Optimism Bedrock vs Arbitrum Nitro: Deposits

Differences and similarities of Optimism Bedrock and Arbitrum Nitro.

scalability.guide

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

The first L2 to migrate to Celestia modular DA... ...in the least secure way possible, let me elaborate 🧵

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 month

Elena Sinelnikova

@ElenaCryptoChic

1 month

Unfortunately this is the case. Almost all L2s are still centralized and can pull the plug and turn off the chain at any moment. All, except @MetisL2 , the real #decentralized #Layer2 .

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 year

running my @CelestiaOrg data availability sampling light node by hand

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

8 months

celestia is more ethereum aligned than eigenDA

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 year

OT: “full ethereum security” is an ill-defined concept

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 month

Ma'am, your project is literally upgradable by a 4/9 multisig. Stop spreading BS to mislead your users.

Elena Sinelnikova

@ElenaCryptoChic

1 month

@donnoh_eth Nice picture! Did you draw it yourself? Or did you copy-paste from someone? Is this source reliable? Did it warn you that any Layer 2 at the moment can pull the plug and turn off their chain? That almost any #Layer2 can be switched off at any moment on the request of any party

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

POV i look at your zk circuit

donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

@toghrulmaharram everybody gangsta until L2BEAT starts looking into zk circuits

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 months

TLDR on @redstonexyz : OP stack chain with offchain DA with no attestations, but with DA challenges. They claim this mechanism is a "Plasma" implying that the system is as secure as a rollup, but it's trivial for the sequencer to outspend honest challengers and steal funds.

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

Just published the english version of my thesis about @optimismFND and @StarkWareLtd : here's the main topics discussed: 🧵👇 (1/4)

donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

just graduated at @unibo with a thesis on @optimismFND and @StarkWareLtd 🥳

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

10 months

well well well

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

Over 50% of @Optimism TVL is comprised of $OP tokens, whereas $ARB constitutes only ~20% of @Arbitrum TVL

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

4 months

if @l2beat had a documentation quality metric @0xPolygon zkEVM would be first

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

@toghrulmaharram everybody gangsta until L2BEAT starts looking into zk circuits

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

10 months

apparently @BuildOnBase deleted 3 output roots using the centralized challenger a couple of months ago

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 month

They actually did it. Big congrats @Optimism

donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

4 months

. @OPLabsPBC has the opportunity to do the funniest thing ever by shipping permissionless fraud proofs on mainnet before arbitrum

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 year

The @l2beat risk framework is undergoing some updates, beginning with the Sequencer Failure Assessment.

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

4 months

Announcing the new @l2beat risk rosette

Conduit

@conduitxyz

4 months

Today we’re excited to announce L5s on Conduit With L5s, we’re skipping ahead to the next breakthrough in blockchain scaling ⏩ L5s are chains that settle on an L4, which settle on an L3, which settle on an L2, which settle on Ethereum L1

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

4 months

looks like the rational move for rollups is to pay starknet to implement state diff compression

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

just graduated at @unibo with a thesis on @optimismFND and @StarkWareLtd 🥳

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

5 months

Reminder that @LineaBuild can finalize state roots without verifying ZK proofs, meaning that it can potentially finalize invalid state transitions, which is what happened with their Alpha v2 release. Tx:

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 month

. @Base has surpassed @Optimism in TVL for the first time

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

Celestia explained from an Ethereum alignment perspective in 6 steps: 1. let’s build a secure DA layer for Validiums 2. every external DA acts as a DAC with an honest majority assumption, let’s try adding economic guarantees 3. data unavailability is not provable externally, but

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

new article just dropped: table of contents: - scalability bottlenecks - the (proto-)blobspace - high level implementation - from proto-danksharding to full danksharding - concerns - appendix: why are polynomials so useful?

Exploring the blobspace

EIP-4844 explained.

scalability.guide

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

11 months

leaving this here without comment

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

19 days

random dump of excalidraw diagrams that are too pretty to be left unseen 1. arbitrum finality <> cost optimization strategy 2. zksync era 4844 impl 3. the many ways alt-DA can screw you up 4. ✨semantics✨

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

Optimistic rollups (91%) vs ZK rollups (9%) TVL over time

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 month

quick blogpost (4min read) on the differences between live forced tx mechanisms and based sequencing as a preview to the soon to be published 30min article by @jon_charb

Forced txs vs based sequencing

What are the tradeoffs between forced transaction mechanisms and based sequencing in rollups?

scalability.guide

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 months

brb going to trademark “L2” and prevent optimiums from using it

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

One of the most important discussions on Ethereum security just dropped on the eth research forum: “Sticking to 8192 signatures per slot post-SSF: how and why” by vbuterin

Sticking to 8192 signatures per slot post-SSF: how and why

A major difference between Ethereum and most other (finality-bearing) proof of stake systems is that Ethereum tries to support a very high number of validators: we currently have 895,000 validator...

ethresear.ch

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

9 months

. @arbitrum (Stage 1) has more TVL ($5.81B) than all the Stage 0 rollups combined ($4.03B)

L2BEAT 💗

@l2beat

9 months

In the midst of @L2DAYSxyz preparations, we’ve just rolled out another Quality of Life update on our website: new filters that will make your exploration even more insightful! 🌐💡

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

6 months

men will literally switch to Celestia DA instead of going to therapy

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 year

Just finished writing the short paper (13 pages) version of my bachelor's thesis for DLT 2023 (5th Distributed Ledger Technology Workshop), that will take place in Bologna on May 25-26. You can find it here:

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

5 months

Are DA challenges a viable solution to make Optimiums as secure as rollups? Here's some of my thoughts about Universal Plasma:

Universal Plasma and DA challenges

Intro Rollup projects are looking for ways to minimize DA cost, but, most of the time, this effort ends up weakening the security of these systems by turning them into Validiums or Optimiums. On the...

ethresear.ch

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

4 months

. @OPLabsPBC has the opportunity to do the funniest thing ever by shipping permissionless fraud proofs on mainnet before arbitrum

smartcontracts.eth (✨🔴_🔴✨)

@kelvinfichter

4 months

Oh, and in case you missed it, the team over at @OPLabsPBC is shipping permissionless fault proofs to OP Sepolia in 6 days. 🥱

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

6 months

new Upgrades & Governance section just dropped on @Optimism 's @l2beat page 👀 more projects coming soon

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

gm, i’ve been @developer_dao pilled - i’m now dev #1224 😎

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

3 years

@ararog @bantg bro what argument is this lol he could have 0 apple products and still have a point

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

In the past two days many have discussed that, since there are no fraud proofs, Blobstream wouldn't have added any security to @MantaNetwork . Let me explain why this is not true 👇

donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

The first L2 to migrate to Celestia modular DA... ...in the least secure way possible, let me elaborate 🧵

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 months

“OP stack bad cuz no fraud proofs” meanwhile every Arbitrum Orbit chain:

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

6 months

who wants to join the L2 police? 🚨🚨🚨

L2BEAT 💗

@l2beat

6 months

Exciting opportunity at L2BEAT! 💗 We're seeking an L2 Researcher who will collaborate daily with our top-tier Ethereum experts, placing you at the heart of the latest developments in this field! Apply here 👉 🔍 Your Role: - Investigate and analyze

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

5 months

what’s happening over on @kroma_network ? 👀 detected by @l2beat ’s best in class monitoring system

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

6 months

Finality is probably one of the most challenging metric that we track on @l2beat : it requires tracking contracts, permissions, the project’s derivation spec and the L2 node software in general

L2BEAT 💗

@l2beat

6 months

Meet the newest addition to our website - Finality! 🏁 Now you can see the average time it takes for an L2 transaction to be finalized ✅ on the L1.

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

5 months

gm @base @EthereumDenver

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

9 months

learn about rollups by getting your hands dirty :)

L2BEAT 💗

@l2beat

9 months

🌟 Introducing BYOR (Build Your Own Rollup) 🌟 We're beyond thrilled to unveil our new tool: BYOR - a gateway to sovereign rollups, stripped down to the core for a better understanding of the rollup magic! ✨

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 year

😭💀😭💀😭💀

L2BEAT 💗

@l2beat

1 year

Layer Twos near you want to scale

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

10 months

things to keep in mind: - Ethereum DA is trustless, for EigenDA you need to trust a quorum of the operators - # of stake does not increase security, the amount of independent operators does - proof of custody has little to do with DA proofs, DA faults are non attributable!

EigenLayer

@eigenlayer

10 months

Intro to EigenDA: Hyperscale DA for Rollups This post represents our 1st public, long-form content about EigenDA - what it is, how it works, what benefits it offers to rollups. There's too much to summarize fully, so please read at the link below! 1/5

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

with only 2 days left, here's my application for RPGF: even if i don't make the 17 ballots threshold (now at 7), i really appreciate people voting for me, it's really amazing to see people finding my content useful :) thanks!

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

11 months

a common narrative is that zkRUs are secured by math while ORUs are secured by economic incentives, and so are much weaker @arbitrum ’s BoLD proves this wrong: even if a malicious actor has infinite money to burn, the protocol always resolves correctly within some time bound

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

3 months

hmm…

Optimism

@Optimism

3 months

Today, @RedstoneXYZ Mainnet is officially live and part of the Superchain 🔴🪨 Joining the Superchain means scalability, low fees, and contributing revenue to the Optimism Collective to power open source development.

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

here’s graphiro, my first project with @CairoLang — an edge list directed graph implementation plus a reachability function using a DFS

GitHub - lucadonnoh/graphiro: A graph library built with Cairo

A graph library built with Cairo. Contribute to lucadonnoh/graphiro development by creating an account on GitHub.

github.com

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 year

TLDR: it’s not EigenDA, it’s not even a fork of EigenDA, it’s not restaking either — you need to stake $MNT with a proof of custody mechanism, except the mechanism is not live and neither is the staking

bartek.eth

@bkiepuszewski

1 year

If @0xMantle is using EigenDA, does it mean that @eigenlayer DA is up and running in the production ? Where I can read more about it ?

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 year

What are the trade-offs between posting transaction data and state diffs?

Data Availability: Transaction Data vs State Diffs

What are the trade-offs between posting transaction data and state diffs?

scalability.guide

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

4 months

Starknet is the second rollup to use blobs! Here’s their first blob tx ~25min ago: 35$ instead of 560$!

Starknet 🐺🐱

@Starknet

4 months

gm blobs. happy swapping

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

Turns out this part is wrong 😁 if a block is not available, the node doesn't wait for it to become available because the sequencer also specifies the block height where the blob is posted. If the blob isn't there, the commitment is just skipped. Let's go through the steps:

donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

What happens if the Sequencer publishes a tx commitment that is not available on Celestia? Blocks cannot be derived and the chain halts, blocking all activity on the rollup. Take a moment to appreciate how this scenario is not possible with rollups posting full data.

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

4 months

@musalbas @l2beat

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

my github feed is @transmissions11 starring everything

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

here’s axelrod, a cairo contract to create and manage iterated prisoner’s dilemma tournaments built by @_derked and me :) it implements: - matchmaking logic - custom tables - history of matches - a template for Finite State Machine strategies

GitHub - lucadonnoh/axelrod: Iterated prisoner's dilemma tournaments implemented with Cairo

Iterated prisoner's dilemma tournaments implemented with Cairo - lucadonnoh/axelrod

github.com

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

i introduce you the 𝙗 𝙡 𝙤 𝙗 𝙨 𝙥 𝙖 𝙘 𝙚

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

4 months

The Stages Framework was introduced on @l2beat in June 2023 and since then no rollup has moved up in stages yet. We can discuss semantics how much we want but ultimately this is what really matters. Let’s make Ethereum cypherpunk again.

vitalik.eth

@VitalikButerin

4 months

Fourth, continue improving on security. We need to raise our standards. By the end of the year, I think we should only refer to rollups that are at least stage 1 as "rollups". Moving to stage 2 (fully trusting code) is the next step and will require moving carefully.

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

building @ starknet hackathon w/ @emilianobonassi wbu

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 months

. @NoirLang is such a cool language. You know that something is good when you use it even if they’re not a sponsor. And if you’re curious about our project: :)

GitHub - mateuszradomski/zkmnist

Contribute to mateuszradomski/zkmnist development by creating an account on GitHub.

github.com

miszke.eth

@miszke_eth

2 months

So much fun on a zkHack this weekend. Our zkMNIST team managed to win the @NethermindEth zkML track and a „Coolest project deployed on @zksync ” track. Great job team, it was a pleasure to hack with you guys!

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

@dystopiabreaker > can’t think of a single time i’ve ever used an immutable append-only data structure that can only ever grow its memory usage > appends the tweet on a data structure that can only grow its memory usage

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 month

anyone working on rollups should take a moment to deeply understand this take and why it’s only possible on a fully functional system. on why the 75% threshold is a big deal, we have some in-depth rationale here:

Stages update: Security Council requirements

Thanks to Vitalik Buterin, Justin Drake, Alex Gluchowski, Yoav Weiss, Patrick McCorry and Maurelian for the feedback on the initial and on…

medium.com

vitalik.eth

@VitalikButerin

1 month

@ArthurB No multisig can achieve the property "you need 75% dishonest to steal the money, and you need 75% dishonest to freeze the money". A multisig can only achieve (p, 100% -p)

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 month

@alexhooketh @taikoxyz some questions are better left unanswered

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

5 months

@kroma_network @l2beat i think this is the first time we see a fraud proof in action on a universal protocol on mainnet

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 year

since @arbitrum specifies its challenge window in blocks rather than time, and assumes block times to be 13.2s, the interval was reduced from 7d to ~6d and 9h after the merge due to the new 12s block times

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 month

i guess that's the cost of sub-minute liveness (and super convoluted code)

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

13 days

this is gonna be so fun

Cartesi

@cartesiproject

13 days

The second panel of the evening will tackle the topic of fraud proofs, and we’re anticipating a fiery discussion. 🔥 🎤 Moderated by @donnoh_eth 💬 Panelists: @GCdePaula (Cartesi) @drakefjustin ( @ethereum ) @jadler0 ( @CelestiaOrg ) @tyneslol ( @OPLabsPBC ) @EdFelten

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

. @arbitrum trying to catch up with yesterday’s downtime top row: # batch submission per hour, increasing bottom row: time intervals between batch submissions, decreasing after yesterday’s spike

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

6 months

did you know that OP chains currently post txs data even when there are no txs? 😅

Jesse Pollak (jesse.xyz) 🛡️

@jessepollak

6 months

transactions on @base are about to get 6-11% cheaper, fast followed by EIP4844 which will reduce them another order of magnitude.

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 months

@0xMert_ also friendly reminder that conduit chains are all upgradable by the same multisig (includes zora, aevo, hypr, orderly, ancient, lyra, mode, pgn, parallel, metal)

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

10 months

some finality metrics for @zksync Era (left) and @optimismFND (right)

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

19 days

this ai is so brutal 😭

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 year

modular summit takeaway: celestia doesn’t have state fraud proofs so data availability sampling is just a meme

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

4 months

Polygon | Aggregated

@0xPolygon

4 months

Polygon zkEVM Mainnnet Beta faced an issue with its sequencer due to an L1 reorg. We are working on fully resolving the issue and will follow up with a detailed post-mortem. This only impacts Polygon zkEVM (which is the only rollup) and does not impact Polygon PoS, Polygon CDK,

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

Despite the Inscriptions craze, no project managed to surpass Ethereum's 30 days transactions count who'll be the first? 👀

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

11 months

L2Warsaw by @l2beat has been amazing! really proud of the team for organizing such great talks with fantastic speakers can’t wait for L2Days in Istanbul @EFDevconnect 👀

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

6 months

i feel like too many people underestimate how easy it is to pull an “L2”-based rug right now

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 months

@TrustlessState @redstonexyz nothing wrong with that, what’s wrong is not being honest:

donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

3 months

hmm…

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 month

. @Taikoxyz could have done the best marketing move out there by making sequencing permissionless before the airdrop to then brag how much profitable being a sequencer is and how they had zero downtime oh well

bartek.eth

@bkiepuszewski

1 month

Being based doesn't mean you are permissionless. @taikoxyz sequencer seems to be down and not posting anything to L1 Inbox

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 years

@0xfoobar

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

22 days

@l2beat

donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

7 months

@toghrulmaharram everybody gangsta until L2BEAT starts looking into zk circuits

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

15 days

i take this back. looks like bonds are necessary to prevent exhaustion attacks. might feel pretty and write an article about it not all fraud proof systems are created equal

donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

11 months

a common narrative is that zkRUs are secured by math while ORUs are secured by economic incentives, and so are much weaker @arbitrum ’s BoLD proves this wrong: even if a malicious actor has infinite money to burn, the protocol always resolves correctly within some time bound

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

24 days

good definitions and mental models are brain compression

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

6 months

@0xMarcB my hot take here is that all optimiums (maybe with the exception of Nova) currently live on @l2beat are much less secure than Polygon PoS bridge but it’s still useful to distinguish between sidechains (two consensus) and optimiums/validiums (one consensus) security-wise

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

9 months

just deployed on @BuildOnBase , the project that i built around 2 years to learn about solidity -> fully onchain text NFTs supporting plaintext, markdown and even HTML (with full unicode support too)

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

2 months

coming back to this to give some concrete numbers: next gen BoLD protocol by @arbitrum expects a correct root to be confirmed in around 45 moves (or 89 including update moves) implying 1 to 3 months to settle on Arbitrum One

Toghrul Maharramov 🇺🇦

@toghrulmaharram

4 months

How do challenge periods for fraud proof-based L3s work? You have to assume the worst case scenario - L2 sequencer censorship. In which case, each step in the interactive dispute needs to be forced through the L1 (which requires a ≈24 hour delay). Unless the process requires < 7

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donnoh.eth 💗

@donnoh_eth

1 month

@DoganEth @taikoxyz zero because there is no zk yet

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