Dipping into Britain's plans for a nuclear war that never came. Posts by Taras Young, author of 'Nuclear War in the UK' (2019) and 'Apocalypse Ready' (2022) 💥
This post is sponsored by shameless self-promotion: You can find loads more of this kind of nonsense in the very beautifully-designed Nuclear War in the UK, published by
@4CornersBooks
If you saw the nuclear flash, you might have literally seconds to act. Would you know what to do? This guide from the Combat & Survival weekly partwork magazine (1987)
Don't forget that the flash may temporarily blind you even if you're well beyond the blast range. Good luck!
My book is apparently on the official reading list of the Tanzania People's Defence Force. Thanks Tanzania, and good luck with whatever you're planning!
Good morning! This lovely red file contains examples of the kinds of things you'd have heard on the BBC after a nuclear attack. Let's take a look inside.
#coldwar
#coldwarhist
Until 1992, UKWMO - the United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation - was in charge of capturing and sharing information about nuclear attack on Britain. They would also issue the four-minute warning - the final notice of incoming Soviet missiles.
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
Your council tax at work? South Yorkshire and Nuclear War was issued to local residents by South Yorkshire County Council in September 1984. This manual came out the same month the BBC broadcast its infamous nuclear horror film, Threads, set in Sheffield.
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
Nuclear war in Canada! Here's some extracts from Survival in Likely Target Areas, part of Canada's early 1960s Blueprint for Survival series. The illustrations are rather more dramatic than other countries' efforts. Happy Friday!
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
Some more depictions of British town centres being blown up by the Soviets, courtesy of Hull City Council, Leeds City Council (both 1983) and West Sussex County Council (1979).
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
UKWMO - the UK Warning and Monitoring Organisation, responsible for the 'four minute warning' - published this guide to nuclear attack on Britain in 1976. Let's have a look... in real-time.
Today is publication day for my new book. "Apocalypse Ready" charts how 20th century governments kept the public informed about pandemics, nuclear war, natural disasters, and... alien invasion! With more than 800 illustrations from public information guides from around the world.
Army NBC Survival in the UK. This 1978 manual was drafted for the Army. They would be on home defence duties in the event of conflict, defending key points (places like power stations and depots) and providing military aid to civilian authorities (MACA).
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
Essential summer beach reads - Protect and Survive Monthly and Practical Civil Defence. Britain's first and second civil defence magazines respectively. From DIY fallout shelters to some slightly dodgy right-wing views, these mags had it all.
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
#survival
This week, Sky is reporting on war plans past and present. Curiously, they say the UK was 'one of the best prepared nations in the world – and most resilient' during the Cold War. That's a generous assertion. I would ask: best-prepared to do what? Resilient in what way? 1/8
EXCLUSIVE: The government has no national plan for the defence of the UK or the mobilisation of its people and industry in a war despite renewed threats of conflict,
@SkyNews
has learnt. 🧵/1
The fantastic restored Royal Observer Corps monitoring post / bunker at Skelmorlie on the Atlantic coast of Scotland. One of hundreds across the UK that would help plot the location and power of Soviet nuclear weapons if the worst came
#coldwarhist
#roc
#nuclearwar
A selection of nuclear war advice booklets issued by local authorities across England in the early 1980s. (L-R: Brighton, W. Yorks, Hull, Harlow, Isle of Man, Manchester, London, Leicester, S. Yorks, West Sussex)
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
Avon Council's 1980 Householder's Guide to Survival in Nuclear War. No illustrations, but the message was stark - stay in your home: "You will be much better protected at home than sleeping in your car or sheltering in a cowshed or barn with a tin roof."
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
Three decades of Police War Duties manuals - 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. These helped Police officers prepare for their home defence role before, during and after a nuclear attack on the UK - including warning the public, upholding morale, measuring fallout and preventing looting.
Somewhere in a secret location in central Scotland... a quick trip to my Aladdin's cave - sadly not a bunker - of nuclear war stuff! (Apologies to any professional archivists watching)
#BehindTheScenes
#coldwarhist
It's Dec 1st, so let's open a door on the nuclear advent calendar! It's the radomes, aka golf balls, at
@RAFFylingdales
. Part of BMEWS, they helped provide the UK's four minute warning of incoming nuclear attack. Also pictured is Fylingdales ops room.
#coldwarhist
#nuclearadvent
Good morning! Opening today's door on the advent calendar, we find the wholesale destruction of Hull by Soviet nuclear attack, as envisaged by the in-house artist at Hull City Council. (1984)
#nuclearadvent
#coldwarhist
Odd to think but some councils kept detailed plans for nuclear war right up to the 1990s. 'Street leaders' would be assigned command of their road, reporting in to the local Civil Defence warden. (Pic from the 1960s film 'Life Under Fallout Conditions')
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
How to Survive the Nuclear Age - What the Government will not tell you! This curious guide was published by the Ecology Party (now the Green Party) in 1980. As well as pieces on disarmament, it has a history of Civil Defence, excerpts from Home Office memos and a survival guide.
Would ANYONE survive? asked the Daily Mirror in their November 1980 SHOCK ISSUE on nuclear war - complete with a mocked-up mushroom cloud over Central London, viewed from 12 miles away.
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
Would you have volunteered to work in a nuclear bunker? The Royal Observer Corps ran a network of tiny bunkers across the UK - all staffed by civilians. They would report the position and power of any nuclear attack. These pics are from a 1970s recruitment brochure.
#coldwarhist
Some pics from the preserved Civil Defence Control at Fort Widley, which overlooks Portsmouth. Taken when we were filming 'Fortress Britain' (and featuring the obligatory slightly terrifying mannequin every preserved/restored Civil Defence site must have)
#coldwarhist
Today's
#nuclearadvent
calendar - a map of the official Home Defence regions for the UK, from 1979. After nuclear attack, government would be devolved to each region, led by a Regional Commissioner, who would have absolute authority. Which one would you have been in?
#ColdWarHist
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Local government War Books. During the Cold War, each local authority created a detailed plan for how it would act in the event of nuclear war. Copies were distributed on a 'need to know' basis. (These are mentioned on pp102-3 of my book 'Nuclear War in the UK'.)
#coldwarhist
It feels like yesterday, but my book 'Nuclear War in the UK' was released a year ago today! I am so grateful to everyone who has bought a copy, said nice things about it and shared it with others. If you haven't got your copy yet, check it out here:
Nuclear War and You - one of the many anti-war leaflets that parodied the government's "Protect and Survive" pamphlet to catch people's attention. It was produced by CND and customised and distributed by local groups (this one for Nottingham)
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
Here's something for
#ScottishArchivesDay
. This is the 1976 Scottish police handbook on 'Home Defence' - i.e. national defence in the event of war. Much fancier than the England & Wales edition, which was teal and didn't have the chequered pattern on the cover.
Pictured are the
Couple of good finds at the antique shop... "Jenny - My Diary" is the (fictional) handwritten diary of a young woman living during/after nuclear attack.
Most of the Royal Observer Corps was 'stood down' 28 years ago today. These civilian volunteers would report the location + power of nuclear bursts from a UK-wide network of tiny bunkers.
#coldwarhist
#roc
#nuclearwar
Britain was once criss-crossed with 1,500 tiny nuclear bunkers. Their crews' mission was to triangulate the position of atomic blasts. I recently came across these snaps of a long-lost bunker being built. Many more over on the blog:
#coldwar
#coldwarhist
Today is the 30th anniversary of much of the Royal Observer Corps being stood down from service. Staffed by civilian volunteers, the ROC were the eyes and ears of the UK. From 1955 their role was to monitor, report & plot the effects of any nuclear attack
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
Cleveland in a Nuclear War, published by the county council in 1984, asked the question: "Why should Cleveland be attacked?" - and showed the effects of a bomb on that prime Soviet target, Middlesbrough Town Hall.
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
Today marks the 35th anniversary of the BBC's nuclear horror docu-drama, Threads. Check out the original BBC press releases, the Home Office's involvement, and an article from *that* Radio Times issue over on the blog:
#coldwarhist
#threads
#nuclearwar
My book "Nuclear War in the UK" is just £8.50 if you buy directly from
@4CornersBooks
and enter JULY15 at checkout! And buy some of their other wonderful books while you're there too 👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻
What's that booklet in When the Wind Blows? It's none other than West Sussex County Council's "Householder's Survival Guide". A cobbled-together guide to surviving nuclear holocaust first issued in 1979.
#coldwarhist
Don't miss Fortress Britain, a new documentary series on
@Channel4
, airing over the next four Saturdays at 8.30pm. The Easter weekend (8 Apr) episode, 'Avoiding Armageddon', will be of Cold War interest! Yes that's me walking down a tunnel with a torch 🤯
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
Day 12 of
#nuclearadvent
calendar and I'm not yet running out of things to share! Here's some map symbols to be used when plotting the devastation of a nuclear attack. Colour one is from the Civil Defence Corps (1962) and the other is for use by the Police (1985).
#coldwarhist
Before...and after the bomb. The effects of a 10MT nuclear bomb, half a mile from a town centre - as imagined by the UK Home Office in 1958. Taken from posters used for training Civil Defence volunteers (with extra animation and audio added by me!) 🔊
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
In early 1964, at the height of Beatlemania, the UK government was quietly planning for nuclear attack. These posters would go up in places required to receive evacuees when attack seemed imminent. The numbers are from earlier (1955) Cabinet Office papers
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
The new
@forteantimes
has three articles on the British Cold War experience: a general overview (Protect and Survive etc), a 'hauntology' round-up, and armageddon in popular culture. If that's your sort of thing. Which, if you follow this account, it probably is.
#coldwarhist
When would it be safe to let your dog out after a nuclear attack?
This (tongue-in-cheek) guide comes from a 1958 bulletin for Civil Defence volunteers.
#coldwarhist
#dogsduringlockdown
In September 1984, South Yorkshire County Council published this booklet on nuclear war. It painted a bleak picture of an H-bomb attack on Sheffield. Later that month, the same scenario was played out in the BBC's harrowing film 'Threads'.
#coldwarhist
#coldwar
#nuclearwar
Behind Friday's
#nuclearadvent
door it's Protect and Survive! The UK government prepared this campaign in the mid-1970s to be released only if nuclear attack was on the cards. Under pressure, the Thatcher administration chose to release it in 1980, to great ridicule.
#coldwarhist
How UK government guidance on preparing for attack evolved over time. The first picture is from "How to Put Up your 'Morrison' Table Shelter" (1941). The second is from "Domestic Nuclear Shelters: Technical Guidance" (1982). Yes, this is real.
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
On April 23rd, the gov't will test its emergency alert system. Had the UK been attacked in the 1970s, they would have activated the Wartime Broadcasting Service. You might have heard this: "Remember, there is nothing to be gained by trying to get away..."
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
A nice little arcade machine-style pamphlet issued by the Young Communist League around 1981-2. It shows Margaret Thatcher laughing as the death counts on both sides rise (play the video to find out why)
#ColdWar
On this day in 1982, BBC1 broadcast "QED - A Guide to Armageddon", a primetime breakdown of what a nuclear attack on Britain would mean. Watch the full episode over on
@WarPrecautions
channel:
#nuclearwar
#coldwarhist
#bbc
SURVIVAL! Believe it or not, this dramatic leaflet was produced by the Women's Voluntary Service - perhaps most famous for Meals on Wheels. The WVS had an official role in nuclear attack preparations right up to the end of the Cold War.
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
@RVSHeritage
Target London: a couple of GLC posters taking aim at "Protect and Survive" and the Thatcher government's Civil Defence policy, 1985. Artwork by
@peterkennardx
. cc
@lccmunicipal
Going out to the shops? Follow this guide, from Protect and Survive Monthly (June 1981) to create your own DIY protective suit.*
#coldwarhist
#coronalockdownuk
*Not guaranteed to work
Time to open the second door on the
#nuclearadvent
calendar. Today it's an early 1980s ad for the Bentall Simplex home fallout shelter, which was designed to meet
@ukhomeoffice
standards. Note the family happily enjoying their comfortable new life underground.
#coldwarhist
Instructions for people whose job it was to warn the public of an incoming nuclear attack. I wasn't sure where this document originated until I held it up to the light! The watermark reveals it was part of the British Transport Commission's civil defence materials (1950s)
One of the rarest and earliest pieces of UK public information about nuclear weapons - Civil Defence and the Atom Bomb from 1952. It came only a few years after Hiroshima and Nagasaki - the effects of which it downplays - and 6 months before the first Hydrogen Bomb test
#coldwar
In July 1980, "Dorset" magazine terrified the county's residents with an in-depth article on surviving nuclear attack. (1/5)
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
#coldwar
Nope. All real copies have the text, circle and family in white. And even if it was real, you shouldn't have to fork out more than £20 for the most common (1980) edition. I think this is the reprint you can buy at one of the bunkers. Stay safe everyone!
Margaret Thatcher being interrogated about nuclear attack by a determined young caller on Saturday Superstore, 1987. Read the full transcript here:
#coldwarhist
Protect and Survive Monthly, later the Journal of Practical Civil Defence, was one odd manifestation of UK nuclear tension in the early 1980s. It shared advice on DIY bunkers and NBC suits, information on warning systems, and some slightly dodgy right-wing views.
#nuclearwar
The booklet examined the effects of a 3MT nuclear weapon on the centre of Sheffield, and a 1MT bomb on nearby RAF Finningley (both groundbursts). These were two targets used in the government's own 'Square Leg' nuclear war exercise in 1980. Verdict: move to Barnsley.
Enjoying this 1980s emergency planning document from Essex County Council which claims radiation is measured in 'ronchons' (which is French for 'grumpy'). Presumably they meant 'roentgens'.
#coldwarhist
Prepare and survive? Another sensible but boring public information campaign with advice that 99% of normal Britons will either never hear about, or never bother with. The Central Office of Information is sorely missed.
The UK Deputy Prime Minister
@ukgov
has launched the resilience website that aims to increase public preparedness for emergencies by providing simple & effective advice to households. Take a look and sign up for warnings
@UCLIRDR
@NatPrepCom
@metoffice
At Cultybraggan Camp in a very desolate valley in Perthshire, where you'll find the last big nuclear bunker to have been built in the UK (that we know of!) Unfortunately it's not open to visitors. Also a bonus ROC monitoring post in front of it.
#coldwar
#coldwarhist
Best of luck to all our campaigners taking part in tomorrow's day of action against the return of US nuclear weapons to Britain. Make sure to use
#NoUSnukes
in any social media posts!
Find an action near you 👇
"Nuclear survival is like Arctic survival, but worse": Surviving a Nuclear Strike on the UK - from the 'Combat and Survival' partwork magazine (1987)
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
Stockpiling food ahead of Brexit? Here's the Home Office's recommended shopping list for nuclear bunker owners in 1981. More on the blog:
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
Close eyes. Fall to ground. Hands under. Wait for bang. These notes were scribbled down during a course on nuclear war. Taken from the exercise book of a participant at the UK government's Civil Defence College (now
@EPCollege
) in early 1968.
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar
#history
Behind today's door on the
#nuclearadvent
calendar, two booklets from Greater Manchester Council. The 'Community Self-Help Survival Guide' offered genuine post-nuclear attack survival tips. But they quickly followed it up with another, rather less hopeful, booklet.
#coldwarhist
Behind today's door of the
#nuclearadvent
calendar is Spaghetti Junction near Birmingham being nuked in 1982. This is the cover of a booklet by Scientists Against Nuclear Arms (SANA), a forerunner of
@ResponsibleSci
.
#coldwarhist
Two of these are not like the others... but which ones? Four are genuine 1980 copies of Protect and Survive. One is the mega-rare original 1976 edition, and one is likely a recent souvenir from
@SecretBunkerUK
- can you tell which is which?
#coldwarhist
#coldwar
#propaganda
Some fantastic stuff I've never seen before on the new
@lseideas
UK peace activism site. Check out these right-wing responses to CND literature
#coldwarhist
Out and about in Manchester today with
@MysteriousDrBex
. This anonymous building is GUARDIAN underground telephone exchange, built in the 1950s to provide hardened telecoms infrastructure in the event of nuclear attack.
#coldwarhist
#nuclear
BBC goes underground in Edinburgh's secret bunker, the former Regional Seat of Government at Barnton Quarry. Not sure if it is actually Scotland's biggest, but having been down there I can confirm it does go very deep...
Not being part of the UK, the Isle of Man had its own Civil Defence force during the Cold War (in fact, unlike the UK, they still have one). They published this special version of "Protect and Survive" with a much more dramatic cover.
#nuclearwar
#coldwarhist
#coldwar
Bye bye, Bristol! In 'Bristol and the Bomb' (1984), Bristol City Council set out a morbid vision of their city being annihilated by a one-megaton nuclear bomb - and the lawless aftermath.
#nuclearwar
#coldwarhist
#coldwar
A Wullenweber 'elephant cage' antenna array at RAF Edzell in Aberdeenshire (part of the NSA's Cold War global surveillance projects BORESIGHT/BULLSEYE). Photo taken by
@CNDuk
in the 1980s.
#coldwarhist
Opening today's
#nuclearadvent
door to reveal the infamous Radio Times cover featuring the BBC's harrowing 1984 nuclear war film 'Threads'. Articles from the magazine can be found on the recent Blu Ray of the Director's Cut:
#coldwarhist
#threads
BBC Radio 4's series 'Fallout: Living in the Shadow of the Bomb' is airing again on Thursday evenings. It looks at the impact of the British nuclear testing programme. You can listen to the whole series here:
One of the earliest British public information leaflets on nuclear weapons - the very positive, and kind of misleading "Civil Defence and the Atom Bomb" (1952) It'll allll be fine.
#coldwarhist
#nuclearwar