I'm not one to cry wolf but this looks bad for all of Mid TN and south Central Ky on Friday. I won't toss out a bunch of jargon but I could. Now's the time to clean out a closet, look today for a safe place for tomorrow. You may need it!
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This is what you need for a major outbreak. 12Z Nashville sounding April 3rd 1974. I released the balloon that morning and worked up the sounding. And made an 18Z launch. Loaded Gun! ACCAS is visible at release.
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On this date in 1963 it was a brutally cold -15° in Nashville. That's the only time I have ever observed ice prisms. The sky was totally clear and I could see them twinkle and sparkle right in front of me.
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Superoutbreak Apill 3-4th 1974. I did two upper air balloon runs (12Z & 18Z) and then worked BNA WSR-57 well into the evening. 55 fatalities in Tennessee. Worst event of my career!
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Severe threat is possible for all of Middle TN on Tuesday. This will likely affect several other states, including Kentucky. Right rear quadrant of 500 mb Jet will traverse the region above an unstable lower troposphere.
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I would be concerned with tornado threat along and to the east of remnant track, which would include LA, MS, AL, TN. Middle TN best 🌪 threat Thursday evening into overnight. Timing may change, of course.
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The tornadoes 🌪 I tracked last night in Mississippi exhibited features I've not seen before on Doppler-88. The grief, the pain the fine people of Mississippi are going through, words can not express.
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There are a lot of Twitter mail concerns for Mid TN on Wed. After digesting all model outputs, here's my opinion. Tornado threat low due to unidirectional hodographs, low STP, drop off of CAPE. Mid TN is NOT a good playground for tornadoes tomorrow.
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With these updraft helicity swaths, I'm seeing there could be a long tracker ef2 or > in Mid TN Tuesday afternoon into evening. Now would be a good time to give thought as to where you will be on Tue and make plans as where you will seek shelter.
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4 pm update. Believe global mdls too far south, as entrance region to 500 mb Jet is just to our north. I prefer hi res mdls solutions. I put heavier snow corridor central mid TN onto plateau. Southern tier of counties may get closer to 2 inches.
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Here's a short summary of the April 3rd 1974 event. I was the upper air and radar specialist at Nashville, TN, during the Superoutbreak.
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#Nashville
Looks like we'll have a band of decent CAPE running up I65 at the time the jets intersect over the area. What I have outlined is the 500 mb left front exit region of jet streak. This will be the best lift area. Could still have a spinup elsewhere.
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Looks like our turn in the barrel will arrive Wed and continue through the evening and overnight. I've highlighted (yellow) my main threat area. One condition we will have is westerly momentum, which is good for strong, long trackers.
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I'm moving start time of snow up to 9 pm for Nashville Sunday evening. Snow thru the day Monday and Monday night tapering off early Tuesday morning. Snow amounts are basically unchanged.
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WSR-57 console commissioned at Old Hickory Nov 30th 1970. Workhorse of a radar! NAWAS phone on the wall. The night of the 1974 super outbreak it was in continuous use in passing tornado locations and movement to civil defense in Middle TN.
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Any storms that develop in the purple isolines this evening will have a good chance to become tilted in the vertical and stretched, leading to possible tornado development.
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12Z ECMWF and GFES. My followers need to keep up with the weather next week in the Gulf of Mexico. Model location and timing are likely to change.
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$lawx
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This depends on several factors, but where that bndry pulls up and decides to hang out could shift this latitudinally a bit. This is the greatest threat area as I see it for now. Tornadoes 🌪 are also possible outside the greatest threat area.
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The NWS here in Nashville has a good handle on this situation. Below are graphics from their website. Pay attention to any warnings they issue tomorrow. They have a team of well-educated and highly-trained staff that will be watching the situation.
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This is the WSR-57 radar at Nashville (Old Hickory Lake) that I worked for 25 years. Commissioned in Nov 1970. I made all images off a repeater scope. Many of the initial storms on 4/3/74 developed first in the mid-levels and built downward.
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Here's where I think the best chance of having a brief tornado or two exist today. Based in part on mid-level speed max position. Best timing would be noon through 3 or 4 pm.
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5 pm update: Will leave off the jargon. I expect to see within that 6-inch area mesoscale bands of 8 inch amounts. This forecast is based pretty much on Gulf moisture plume and upper jet axis.
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60+ dewpoints across the warm sector on Monday with 2k CAPES near boundaries. I think it'll be Monday night before storms get into Mid TN, becoming likely Tuesday. As the cold front gets closer on Tuesday, storms could become severe in Mid TN.
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I'm really concerned with longtrackers coming out of southwest Tennessee and northern Mississippi trying to make a run at middle Tennessee this evening. That area is ready to explode.
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The right entrance region of 500 mb jet will be traversing our area on Tuesday. I think the latest HazCast has a reasonable outlook area for severe weather threat on Tuesday into Tuesday evening.
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I'll start the snow in Nashville late Sunday night. Snow all day Monday and Monday night tapering to flurries Tuesday morning. More wintry precip possible on Thursday and Friday of next week.
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As I posted yesterday at this time, I think the greatest threat of tornadoes over the next 24 hours will be southern Illinois into southwest Indiana and far western Kentucky.
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39 years ago, on this date 1/21/1985, while working the midnight shift at BNA, I recorded the all-time record low temperature for Nashville of -17°.
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The area of greatest threat extends on northeast into Ohio. My interest is in areas closer to TN. With STP >> 3, VROT 50 kts or > and fast movmt, I could see an ef3 tornado dvlp in the area I've outlined.
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MMFS and HazCast-AI predicting a rather widespread area (several states) for damaging winds Sunday and Sunday night, including Middle Tennessee.
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See graphics for Tuesday/Tuesday night. By Wednesday, severe threat will lift northeast across western Kentucky into Indiana as low-level Jet works northeast and intensifies. Severe threat for Middle Tennessee is still in question.
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Middle Tennessee will be in an environment through early Thursday morning conducive for Severe Storms. However, I think the worst of the storms will move through Wednesday night when the tornado 🌪 threat will be at its highest.
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#Nashville
I'm feeling a little better about snow Sun evening through the overnight into Mon as my Tempest model has increased pops for snow in Nashville. Short wave trough combined with ripples along sfc front should crank it up. 12Z ECMWF below.
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SPC day 4 outlook play maker poised off the west coast. ECMWF brings it through the Middle Mississippi Valley Tuesday while taking on negative tilt. Been watching this for several days, and it looks stronger than yesterday's.
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The areas I've outlined destabilize very quickly as we approach midnight Wednesday night. This is concerning as MCS will be moving into this 3500 joules/kg CAPE area.
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We have a lot of snow to melt. I don't think the temp will get above freezing in Nashville until 10 am Monday. That's when the January Thaw begins. On top of the snow melt, there's a lot of rain coming next week. Southern mid TN could get 3+ inches.
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Mid TN will be in the left exit region (best lift area) of upr jet beginning this evening and continuing into Tue mrng with Arctic air mass in place as impulses work across the area starting tonight. This looks to be like a heavy snow event for Mid TN.
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Right entrance region of 80 kt upper jet and 50 kt low level Jet with unstable thermodynamics will produce a tornado threat either side of a line from southwest of Nashville to northeast of Lexington KY Tue afternoon and Tue evening.
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I will be posting tonight. Emphasis on Middle Tennessee. Weather is all about breaking down gradients. Of course In doing so, it creates wind. But we couldn't live on the planet if we didn't break these gradients down.
H-triple-R for several runs now has continued to put rotating updrafts across western and northern Middle Tennessee into southern KY. The latest HREF model has this as well. We are looking at a low-end tornado threat. 60+ mph winds is main threat.
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16Z H-triple-R initialized fairly well. We should see new development in west Tennessee by 2 pm if not sooner. We'll have plenty of time to recover from morning convection. It may even enhance afternoon convection here in Middle Tennessee.
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At 8 am 1/15/24, I measured 5.5 inches for snow depth in Langford Cove. Using my snow density apparatus and taking several measurements, I measured the water content of the snow ranging from 10-12%.
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I've outlined one area where I think tornado potential exists Sunday afternoon based on 18Z H-triple-R parameters. Updraft Helicity Swaths have remained packed along the corridor I've outlined.
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We could be looking at freezing rain, sleet or snow, or a combination of all three, depending on where you live in Middle Tennessee come Thursday. Still 3 days out.
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Hope everyone made it through the Tempest unscathed. This will be my last post concerning this event.
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KOHX - Super-Res Reflectivity 1, 3:41 PM
I think the MCS event Wednesday night will be the strongest. Low-level jet is quite strong as well as Instability. West to east MCS's capture lots of momentum. Needs to be watched.
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I've outlined where I think the wind is more likely to cause property damage on Thursday. Damaging winds outside of this area are possible.
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I haven't looked at the forecast soundings and moisture plumes but will. This is based on 12Z ECMWF and may be conservative, especially in northwest Middle Tennessee. 2 to 3 inches in Nashville looks reasonable at this time.
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Everything I'm seeing points to severe weather for KY and TN Sunday evening. I've outlined an area that I'm particularly concerned about spin-ups. Left front quad of speed max that intensifies in that area, high bulk shear, 3k-4k CAPE and more.
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I've outlined the highest risk area as of 5 pm Tuesday. This area will translate east into eastern Kentucky and West Virginia Tuesday evening. Fropa at BNA around 8 pm Tuesday ending severe threat for Nashville.
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SPC has the 4-inch brush out for next Wednesday that includes all of Middle Tennessee. 300 mb Jet configuration off 06Z GFS is concerning along with low level Jet. Kinematics are good. Thermo is improving.
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A strong Vort Max will kick east from Texas during the day, and with > 70+ RH sprawled out ahead of it in the dendritic region, an old school technique would forecast more snow for Middle Tennessee today.
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While tornado threat this afternoon/evening into the overnight is Low, there are weak updraft helicity swaths where a possible spin-up or two could occur. I've outlined these areas below. Never etched In stone!
Here's the new outlook from SPC. Looks good to me as it aligns with the helicity swaths i had earlier. They have 10% chance of an ef2 or > tornado within 25 miles of any location in the hatched area. That's concerning! Long trackers.
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Well, Monday evening into the overnight looks to be a low top situation. Storms forming in MS and AL in a higher CAPE and surface dewpoint environment will race northward toward mid TN, where kinematics are very strong but thermo weak.
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Both GFS and euro are in line now. Those jets look powerful and in the right place for decent snow from Oklahoma across Arkansas into Tennessee. It looks me like that digging upr trof somehow grabs moisture from the Gulf as it digs into southern plains.
Looks like it's going to be around noon before storms get going in the Nashville area. Storms through the afternoon into early evening with severe threat ending by 7 pm in Nashville.
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Rapidly moving Squall line moves through mid TN in the overnight. The line is moving so fast can't help but wonder if it's more elevated rather than rooted at the surface. If elevated, it would hold down svr threat to some extent. We do have CIN.
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Another heavy band of snow with leading edge just about on I65. I expect moderate snowfall in Nashville from noon to 4 pm.
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KOHX - Super-Res Reflectivity 1, 12:09 PM
We'll have thunderstorms in Nashville beginning around noon Wednesday but have doubts that they will be severe in the Nashville area. If there's going to be any severe storms in Mid TN, I think it would be west of I65. CAPE Falls off quickly east of I65.
Basically, I used old school techniques for snow totals as models, not much help. I expect Nashville to get 4-6 with snow ending Monday evening.
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I take pride in making accurate snowfall and snow depth (they're not the same) measurements. If I can measure it, then I know something about it.
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