With Russian officials repeating almost non-stop that there will be changes to the country’s nuclear doctrine,
@ElenaChernenko
collected views from 6 well-known Russian strategic thinkers on how they would change the doctrine. A thread 1/13
The Russian MFA said that work on amending the nuclear doctrine is “at an advanced stage”. Kommersant asked six leading Russian experts in the field of international security what adjustments should be made to this most important document (in Russ.)
.
@ElenaChernenko
was purged from Russian MFA press pool for "lack of professionalism". She previously authored a letter against the war with Ukraine co-signed by hundreds of Russian journalists. Lena is the most professional person I know, also brave, & kind. The loss is for MFA
In his speech announcing the partial mobilization of Russian forces in the context of the ongoing war with Ukraine Pres. Putin again raised the issue of nuclear weapons and made some noteworthy comments. Thread 1/13
As Ru Defense Minister & Chief of General Staff were calling their Western counterparts suggesting Ukraine might use a “dirty bomb” on its own territory to frame Russia, I tried to unpack and make some sense of the whole situation 🧵1/20
BRKN. President Putin in his address to the Russian Parliament announces that Moscow will suspend implementation of the New START. This is really-really unfortunate, and the downward trend is now clear. I will write a thread below 1/x
Russian early warning SHF radar Voronezh DM near Armavir was attacked by (presumably Ukrainian) drones. Another piece of Russian nuclear infrastructure targeted during this conflict
…
Another poll from Russia asking if nuclear weapons should be used to win in Ukraine: 74% no, 11% yes, 5% only if will prevent defeat. There are caveats but clearly the idea of nuclear weapons use is rejected by the majority of population despite everything
Those statements go beyond the Russian nuclear doctrine, which only suggests Russian first use in a conventional war when the very existence of the state is threatened. Putin adds “territorial integrity” and very abstract protection of people, independence, and freedom 7/13
So, let’s talk about NATO and US responses to Russian draft documents on security guarantees leaked by El Pais. This is how it looks from Moscow. Thread 1/x
None of this means that Russia would resort to nuclear use. This would be a truly world-changing decision. And it’s not clear if such a move would even lead to any desired outcomes for Pres Putin as
@LawDavF
eloquently wrote 11/13
Some personal news: I am thrilled to announce that I've joined
@UNIDIR
as a Senior Researcher in the WMD program to work on nuclear risk reduction. Watch this space, and I'm looking forward to collaborating with my new and old colleagues!
Russian expert Sergey Karaganov says Moscow needs to use nuclear weapons against targets in Western countries to “bring them to their senses”. This is wrong on every possible level and insanely irresponsible
So, Pres. Putin said that some high-level representatives of key NATO states made statements about the possibility and admissibility of use of WMD/ nuclear weapons against Russia. I’m not sure I’m aware of anything like this, not from the NWS for sure 3/13
“Territorial integrity” is of course tricky as Russia is currently planning to absorb 4 Ukrainian regions, none of which is even fully controlled by its armed forces. Would this mean that Ukraine would be threatened with nuclear weapons to hand them to Russia? 9/13
If the past is any guide, this will just fade in the background but will periodically resurface as the “US bio laboratories” story. At least I really hope so 21/20
Personal news. Today was my last day as Sen Research Fellow @ MGIMO. I’m grateful to
@AA_Sushentsov
&
@m_suchkov
for the opportunity. To all my former colleagues: I hope you will provide government & people of Russia with realistic & unbiased analysis, it is needed more than ever
But extending the conditions for possible use amidst the ongoing war is a huge gamble. One we all, including Russia, would be safer without
#nuclearriskreduction
12/13
Russia and China will sign an MoU on cooperation in construction of a research station on the Moon. With the US-led Artemis program are we witnessing the crystallization of the the Space Race 2.0?
But then Pres. Putin continues by saying “if the territorial integrity of our country is threatened, we will certainly use all the means at our disposal to protect Russia and our people. It's not a bluff” 5/13
Russia announced it was not coming to the Bilateral Consultative Commission with the US - implementation body of the New START treaty - a day before it was supposed to begin
@ElenaChernenko
reports . What do we know and what does it mean. Thread 1/x
Pres. Putin continues “The citizens of Russia can be sure that the territorial integrity of our Motherland, our independence and freedom will be ensured - I emphasize this again - with all the means at our disposal” 6/13
Presidents Putin and Biden in a joint statement reconfirmed the principle that a nuclear war can not be won and must not be fought. NST extension shows commitment to arms control. Will shortly start comprehensive dialogue on strategic stability
In response to this Pres Putin reminds those unnamed people that Russia also has different “means of destruction” – meaning nuclear weapons, no surprise here 4/13
Secondly Gen Kirillov makes it sound as if Ukraine can just withdraw any amount of “radioactive material”, but it is actually under IAEA safeguards, it can’t disappear without trace. Both of these makes an “imitation of Ru nuclear attack with a dirty bomb” highly improbable 19/20
Lt. Gen Kirillov said Ukraine plans to detonate a “so-called ‘dirty bomb’ or low-power nuclear warhead”. I’m not sure why would the Head of CBRN troops use “dirty bomb” and low-yield nuke as interchangeable terms, which they are certainly not 8/20
There’s still no official translation from so this translation is unofficial. The Russian text can be accessed at , though the website apparently has some access issues rn 2/13
As Russia is posed to announce 4 regions of Ukraine as its territory, one question to watch would be the fate of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant. This is an unprecedented situation. Thread 🧵 1/15
So, it is not clear there is a connection between Russia announcing a provocation against it is being prepared and something actually happening. For now, at least the opposite seems to be true 6/20
All in all, I’m really not sure what to make of all of this. The story is too complicated & specific to be a useful cover. And we have seen weirder things since Feb. 24 20/20
This seems to be very specific & complicated plan. I’ll just mention 2 things: isotopic composition of a regular “dirty bomb” & even partially exploded nuclear weapon would be quite different. & Ukraine would have to get HEU from somewhere to simulate the “unexploded” part 18/20
Russia made an official statement on prevention of nuclear war (in Russian for now) , following a number of recent conciliatory remarks by Ru officials, including by Pres Putin that “there is no point in” using nuclear weapons in Ukraine. Short thread 1/5
First, this is not the first time Russia alleged there will be some kind of false flag WMD use in Ukraine. On April 24, Lt. Gen Kirillov gave a briefing about this (I couldn’t find an English version on the MoD website, so apparently in Russian only) 2/20
In April, Gen Kirillov, Head of Russian CBRN troops, presented 3 scenarios: real chem/bio use in Ukraine to accuse Russia; covert use of low quantities of WMD for battlefield gains; “the least likely one” open battlefield use of WMD. 6 months later nothing of this happened 3/20
And that wasn’t a one-off thing. In June Russian MoD announced that Ukraine is preparing a chemical weapons provocation in Odesa. It didn’t happen 4/20
In July Russian Permanent Representative to
@OPCW
claimed that Ukraine is preparing chemical provocations in the Donetsk region, Mykolaiv & Kharkiv. Nothing happened as a result. The list could go on 5/20
If I hear the “JCPOA was flawed” one more time I will lose it. Your country and political system is flawed as is pretty much everything else. This is how the real world works. Grow up.
Lt. Gen Kirillov also said that Zelenskiy announced his intention to “re-establish Ukraine as a nuclear-armed State” (not true), called for the West to strike Russia to preempt nuclear weapons use (true) & described how Ukraine kept shelling Zaporizhzhia NPP 10/20
Russia proposed two documents asking for legally binding security guarantees: a bilateral treaty with the US, and a multilateral agreement between Russia & NATO member states. I will focus on new and specific staff. Thread 1/
Nuclear risk reduction in action.
@repubblica
reports that during attempted coup NATO representatives contacted Russian MoD to notify that they had nothing to do with the coup and make sure there is no nuclear incident. I would guess US did the same
Let me emphasize this.
The point of a "dirty bomb" is to contaminate an area with radioactive material. People in the area will ingest some of that material and will need medical treatment, but few will ingest enough to produce radiation sickness. 1/
Some personal news, I am joining the Institute of International Studies at the MGIMO University
@mgimo_en
as an analyst. I will continue working on nuclear issues, so looking forward to cooperation with all of you in my new position.
Gen Kirillov also mentioned Eastern Mining & Enrichment Plant, which “extracts uranium ore”. Since natural U is useless for producing “dirty bombs” (or any bombs as Ukraine doesn’t have U enrichment capabilities), it would make 0 sense to put it in charge of a “dirty bomb”15/20
Mark Dubowitz today: Zarif is at core regime decision-making.
Mark Dubowitz a month ago: Your daily reminder that Rouhani and Zarif have no power in foreign policy affairs.
Whatever...
If administration does sanction Zarif, they should make it clear that he’s responsible & accountable for decisions made by regime to conduct malign & destructive activities. No more mendaciously denying responsibility. He is part of regime in Iran & core regime decision-making.
And then there was a plot twist: Lt. Gen Kirillov said that Ukraine plans to detonate a dirty bomb and say it was a Russian uranium-based low-yield weapon, which malfunctioned so there was no full explosion 16/20
Russian Minister of Defense Shoigu announced that the planned Zapad-23 strategic exercise is canceled. This was expected, as there were no visible preparations, but this is the first official confirmation. Last year Russia held Vostok-22 exercise
Russian readout of Putin-Biden phone call says “the presidents expressed their satisfaction with the exchange of notes of extension of the New START, which happened today” - we made it!
But let’s get to the current Russian accusations of Ukraine. Today Lt. Gen Kirillov gave another briefing, expanding on the topic. His remarks are in English and somewhat confusing . Short recap below but I encourage you to read the whole thing 7/20
Suspension of the treaty is not equal to leaving the treaty, I assume there will be no Russian build-up above the treaty limits. But there will be much fewer opportunities to verify this (only national technical means), so compliance will be disputed 6/x
Suspension of implementation of the New START means not only will there be no inspections and meetings of the BCC, but exchange of information and notifications will end as well 3/x
I wouldn't really focus on the pretexts for Russian suspension of the New START. It is now clear that whatever insulation there was between arms control and US-Russian relations is gone. NST is suspended b/c relations are bad, it's a political decision 8/x
Suspension of implementation of the New START means not only will there be no inspections and meetings of the BCC, but exchange of information and notifications will end as well 3/x
Also, Pres Putin directs MOD and Rosatom to keep infrastructure ready for nuclear testing. "Russia will not test first but it should be ready if the US does" 2/x
Then Lt. Gen Kirillov said that “2 organizations of Ukraine have been directly ordered to create the so-called ‘dirty bomb’. The works are at their concluding stage”. Kirillov didn’t name the organizations 11/20
Getting back to dirty bomb (or also building nukes - it wasn't quite clear) Lt. Gen Kirillov listed the facilities in Ukraine that have radioactive substances: operating NPPs, Chernobyl NPP & nuclear waste reprocessing facilities 14/20
Wow, more sensible positions! “Polish officials said the government is open to missile-defense inspections on the condition that Russia allows inspection of Russian missile activities in Kaliningrad”
Since US has not suspended its participation it can still send its info and notifications to Russia. When Moscow suspended CFE participation in 2007, US kept sending info till 2011. But I doubt this will be the case 5/x
@baklitskiy
So what about the Nuclear Risk Reduction Center ()? Is there any chance that some messages still go through this canal even though New START is suspended on the Russian side?
Conditioning of return to the implementation are not clear. Pres Putin said that Russia will have to evaluate how the nuclear arsenals of UK and France fit the treaty. There is no possible way to include Paris and London in the New START 4/x
20 members of the Council on the Foreign and Defense policy (including Arbatov, Dvorkin, Zolotarev etc) write an open letter denouncing preventive nuclear use. Karaganov, who suggested that Russia should use nukes first, is Council’s Honorary Chairman
Mural at Yekaterinburg's railway station depicts downing of U-2 spy plane over Urals on May 1, 1960. It's a fascination story, but worth remembering that Russian MIG-19 was hit by friendly fire while trying to intercept U-2, pilot - Sergey Safronov, was killed h/t
@arkhlikbez
I frankly don’t know what Russia could respond to such a letter. Maybe just re-send its original draft agreement because clearly, the dialogue is not happening. I wouldn’t be surprised if Moscow just stops talking to NATO after this & focuses on the US 10/x
Some personal news. I'm happy to announce that I was elected to the position of Senior Research Fellow of the Center for Euro-Atlantic Security at the Insitute for International Studies of the MGIMO University
@mgimo_en
.
So... that was it? No military response (good), new sanctions (there’s not much left to sanction), more NATO in the Middle East (???), ask China, Russia & E3 to leave JCPOA (won’t happen), some vague talk about diplomacy. Did I miss something?
I was planning to write something about Sergey Karaganov's new article about nuclear war, but maybe we should just ignore it at this point. Instead, I will re-up my piece for
@CarnegieEndow
on the original discussion about the first use in Russia
Several people have mentioned this already, but I can’t stress this enough. The way the article & US officials speak about Chinese capabilities to evade missile defenses sounds as if US was planning to intercept its strategic missiles, which is precisely why one would build FOBS
SCOOP –
#China
has stunned US intelligence and military officials by testing a
#nuclear
capable
#hypersonic
missile that traveled through low orbit in space, making a full circle around the globe before speeding towards its target.
Ok, I went through the story and it doesn't live up to the hype (sorry William). Actually, we hardly learned much new at all even if we assume the documents are genuine. I wonder what those 29 files are, b/c the article seems to quote 2 of them. Short thread 1/8
BREAKING NEWS! A big story by
@maxseddon
and
@xtophercook
for the
@FT
on leaked Russian documents, including a revealing briefing on Russia's naval non-strategic nuclear weapons (and conventional prompt strike) doctrine. Buckle up, this is a big one. 1/6
Ok, it's been a year since Michael Carpenter put up his 2019 Russian aggression watch list. Last year I said it had very little to do with reality. Let's check how it aged and what does it tell about Michael's "Russian expertise". Thread 1/12
No seriously, UN should start looking for other places to host its meetings, it will be complicated, but it’s unattainable that US decides which countries can participate in the UN meetings and which cannot
Exclusive: Trump administration bars top Iranian diplomat from addressing U.N. Security Council, in breach of U.S.-U.N. host country agreement, FP's
@columlynch
and
@RobbieGramer
report.
Latvia requested and Russia approved an inspection under the Vienna Document on Jan 24-29. The region for the inspection includes 13 000 square kilometers in Briansk and Smolensk regions at the border with Ukraine and Belarus.
One can also find some good news here. The suspension of the NST (unlike the withdrawal) can be easily reversed if the political considerations in Moscow change. However, it is not clear how the situation could change for this to happen 9/x
Pres Putin also mentioned Ukrainian attacks against Russian airbases and US interest in new Russian systems against the backdrop of its aggressive behavior as a reason for suspension 7/x
Conditioning of return to the implementation are not clear. Pres Putin said that Russia will have to evaluate how the nuclear arsenals of UK and France fit the treaty. There is no possible way to include Paris and London in the New START 4/x
Hey
@Twitter
, you apparently forgot to label US government officials as government accounts. B/c I would never believe you have different rules and standards for different countries. That would be hypocritical, wouldn't it? cc
@yoyoel
Let’s calm down, people. We still don’t have the full text but from everything I’ve seen there was no statement on deployment, only about delivery platforms (already provided), training (announced earlier), and storage infrastructure (new bit) in Belarus. Not deployment yet
Putin apparently said he will deploy tactical nuclear weapons in Belarus. A storage site would be ready by 1 July.
The story is a bit odd. Unclear if this warheads or launchers. If true, it would be Russian version of US nukes in Europe.
Russian Telegram channels report drone attack against Engels air base, 2 Tu-95 strategic bombers reportedly damaged. Tu-95s are a part of Russian nuclear triad but are also used to attack Ukrainian targets with conventional missiles
#entaglement
This might change once the interagency discussion is over (or if things change in some way), but it hints that Russia is inclined to try to achieve its goals diplomatically at least for now. Which is in everyone’s interests. 20/20
Following Russian decision to de-ratify CTBT I was continuously asked if this even matters. After all, Moscow remains a signatory and promised to stick to all signatories’ obligations including non-testing, monitoring stations, etc. So, should we be concerned? A thread 1/10
First reaction from
@SecBlinken
: Russian decision "deeply unfortunate and irresponsible", we'll see what Ru does. "Remain ready to talk about strategic arms limitations at any time with Russia, irrespective of anything else going on in the world or in our relationship" 12/x
As I told
@ForeignPolicy
this summer “In retrospect it was somewhat naïve to expect that business as usual will continue regarding the New START when everything else was falling apart.” 12/x
Some personal news. In two weeks I will start as a Visiting Research Fellow at
@CSIS
in DC working on prospects for US-Russia arms control. Looking forward to working under
@DrJMankoff
guidance & catching up with US colleagues.
My article for
@CarnegieEndow
on the recent Russian debate about the first nuclear use now in English: “Advocates of a nuclear first strike have not only failed to scare their foreign opponents, but have not even succeeded in winning over their colleagues”
Russian FM Lavrov: US embassy contacted Russian authorities during the coup, sending a message that the US was not involved and hoping that nuclear weapons will stay safe
Nuclear risk reduction in action.
@repubblica
reports that during attempted coup NATO representatives contacted Russian MoD to notify that they had nothing to do with the coup and make sure there is no nuclear incident. I would guess US did the same
Today Vladimir Putin signed an order On the Fundamentals of Russia’s Nuclear Deterrence State Policy, which is quite self-explanatory. The document is only in Russian for the moment, but I assume it will be translated. For now, here’s a thread on the main points 1/20
The document, which some Russian watchers were calling a "REAL Russian nuclear doctrine", is now public. And you know what? It looks awfully similar to the things we already knew. But there are some really interesting bits. Will probably make a thread later
Head of the Chechen Republic and Lt Gen. of the Russian National Guard Ramzan Kadyrov suggested Russia should use tactical nuclear weapons against Ukraine. Of course he is not the one to decide but he is the highest ranking Russian official to openly propose this
"I don't know what the Defence Ministry is reporting to the supreme commander in chief [Putin], but in my opinion, more radical measures need to be taken, right up to the declaration of martial law in border territories and the use of a low-yield nuclear weapon..."
Russian MoD announced preparations for conducting exercises in the near future of the Southern Military District (missiles, aviation, Navy) with the aim of increasing the readiness of non-strategic nuclear forces to carry out combat tasks 1/x