Herbert hovenkamp Profile
Herbert hovenkamp

@Sherman1890

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@lawtwitter University Prof Penn Law and the Wharton School, occasionally comments on antitrust issues and follows legal history, public law, and econ policy

Philadelphia Pa
Joined November 2015
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
I argued in the Yale Law Journal that the big digital platforms are not “winner-take-all” markets. Rather, they face competition from differentiated newcomers. Yesterday, Facebook, TikTok, and the stock market proved me correct.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
very flattered and humbled to see this coming out. Thanks to everyone who contributed.
@lawlancer
Daryl Lim
3 years
Delighted to see this volume honoring the remarkable work of @Sherman1890 will be out next week. @uiclaw
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
I've had a few requests for my teaching slides for antitrust. Here is the fall semester, 2022 -- mainly dominant firms and horizontal restraints. Balance in spring semester. If you're teaching and want the ppt I'm happy to share.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
Here's my comparative study of alternative antitrust goals – the curse of “bigness,” concern for the “competitive process,” and “consumer welfare.” They employ different assumptions and their outcomes favor different interests groups. Comments welcome.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
Sorry to abandon so many conversations in the middle but I am heading for Ecuador tomorrow, for about two weeks. Probably be too busy for Twitter. Hopefully you will have solved all antitrust problems by the time I return.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
Carl Shapiro and I just posted this piece on Promarket about the FTC decision to withdraw the Vertical Merger Guidelines.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
Here is my new piece on antitrust and unilateral monopolistic conduct: briefly, the United States should adopt an abuse of dominance standard as the proper approach to “self-preferencing” as well as other anticompetitive practices in networked markets.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
How to address anticompetitive dominance in digital platforms without causing economic harm, in contrast to proposals currently pending before Congress and the State of New York:
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
yes, but you never asked me. I received a single Google payment for work on a patent case in 2002, and I worked for the government on Microsoft in 1999 -- both about twenty years ago. No payments since then, no grants, and no paid board memberships. Check your sources.
@revolvingdoorDC
Revolving Door Project
3 years
The letter raises concerns about Professor Herbert Hovenkamp, in particular, who has recently been cited in a decision favorable to Facebook, sits on the board of a tech-funded think tank, and has a history of taking money from Google.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
My piece with Fiona Scott Morton on "The Life of Antitrust's Consumer Welfare Model" is up this morning. It focuses mainly on how the Supreme Court has articulated the goals of antitrust.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
My paper on the definition of harm and proof of causation in antitrust cases is all but published in the Washington Univ. Law Review:
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
Here is my antitrust analysis of President Biden’s Executive Order on Promoting Competition:
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
first you need to make an unqualified apology to me and UPenn. McCarthyism is not a good look on you.
@revolvingdoorDC
Revolving Door Project
3 years
But since you are apparently free of corporate money, will you call for your counterparts at other universities to commit to being transparent about corporate payments?
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
4 years
Fiona Scott Morton and I offer a more balanced alternative to the sycophantic histories of Chicago School Antitrust. Part of a symposium on the Chicago School in the Penn Law Review, with an excellent introduction by Christopher Yoo. See .
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
Here is my latest piece, showing that the case for anti-enforcement error cost bias in antitrust was already obsolete in economics when it was formulated and has subsequently weaponized antitrust in support of rent seeking.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
I just posted a piece that explains why both antitrust’s far right and its far left have developed policies that are harmful to labor.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
Promarket just posted my new piece on Robert Bork and the corruption of antitrust’s consumer welfare standard. The damage can be fixed, provided that people appreciate what happened.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
9 months
Under US law the "acquisition" of an employee cannot be an unlawful merger, even though §7 covers "assets," which includes employees. Hiring and NONuse can be a Sherman Act violation, but never actual use, and courts have found overriding interest in assuring employee mobility.
@florianederer
Florian Ederer
9 months
There is, of course, an interesting antitrust angle to the the whole OpenAI saga. Microsoft would never be allowed to acquire OpenAI, but can they just hire whomever they want? What does this mean for the pre- and post-acquisition effects on competition and innovation?
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
The Epic Games injunction is under California state unfair competition law, not under antitrust law. It is permanent and says nothing whatsoever about territorial scope. So does the injunction apply only to iPhones sold in California? I think not, but this is not crystal clear.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 months
My "the antitrust text” is nearly out; one of Solum’s “downloads of the week,” querying what antitrust enforcement would look like if jurists stuck to the text of the Sherman and Clayton Acts plus ordinary rules of statutory construction. Many surprises.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
thanks, I've added a PDF version of my slides here. If you want the PPT please send me an email at hhovenka @law .upenn.edu.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 months
I have time for only a few minutes a day on this site. Today I blocked the first person in 10 years—something I would never do except to an extreme abuser
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
My piece on Antitrust Error Costs is soon to be published in the Univ. Pa. Journal of Business Law. It explains why an obsolete anti-enforcement bias continues to undermine intelligent antitrust policy
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
The Progressives created nearly the entire toolkit we use today to analyze conduct and power under the antitrust laws. It’s a period well worth revisiting. Comments welcome.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
My piece on gatekeeper antitrust policy and the problem of self-preferencing on tech platforms is coming out in the Mich. Tech. L. Rev. Still time for comments.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
Historically out biggest antitrust expansions have been provoked by litigation losses – the Clayton Act (1914) by Henry v. A.B.Dick (1912) and the Celler-Kefauver merger statute (1950) by Columbia Steel (1948).
@adamkovac
Adam Kovacevich
3 years
I've heard this argument before, but it feels like spin. I don't see "We failed to prove our case, so legislators please lower the bar" ever having succeeded as an argument for legislation.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
11 months
But it's not "the" law and economics discipline, just one small and declining fragment of it. Many progressive and more interventionist scholars also do law and economics today. Including PhD economists in both econ departments and law schools.
@EconUS
The Economist US
11 months
The “law­-and-­economics” movement made the courts more reasoned and rigorous. It also changed the verdicts that judges handed out
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
My short piece on digital cluster markets, forthcoming in the Columba Business Law Review, evaluates the FTC’s amended complaint in the Facebook antitrust case:
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
7 months
here's the interview the Financial Times did with me concerning antitrust and big tech.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 months
Good piece by David Evans on why excessive regulation is harming the European digital economy. This is why it is so important that our eyes in the USA be on the rollout of the DMA. Until now, the EU has provided too many examples of what not to do.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
I just posted “Digital Cluster Markets,” which considers how antitrust law should evaluate market power when a large digital platform such as Facebook, Google, or Amazon produces many diverse products.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
thank you to Promarket for publishing my explanation of why the FTC case was dismissed and how the complaint can be fixed.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
@HalSinger I’m with @jasonfurman here. You get nauseous if you’re allergic to poor people – what happens when the antitrust war on consumers turns sour.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
just got back from nearly a month traveling in the EU, including antitrust talks at OECD (Paris), ASCOLA (Athens), and CRESSE (Greece). Met many interesting people and got a little different perspective on EU-American relations in competition law.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
11 months
Ct. just approved a claim that airlines coordinated their pricing through institutional investors. 2023 WL 5930973 (DDC Sep. 11, 2023). Not pure horizontal shareholding because one claim was that the investors communicated with one another about need to limit capacity.
@superwuster
Tim Wu
11 months
The big 3 airlines' coordinated downgrading of their frequent flier programs is really not all that different than price fixing
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
One interesting thing about "consumer welfare" in the U.S. is that the term never appears in an antitrust case until the 1970s. Prior to that the courts spoke almost exclusively in terms of reduced output and higher prices. Was the use of "CW" an improvement? I think not.
@espositofabriz
Fabrizio Esposito
2 years
@Sherman1890 @HannoLustig I completely agree with @Sherman1890 . Looking into the history of economic thought I found surprising views about #Consumerwelfare in the writings, for example, Smith, Hicks, and Coase. It is all written down in chapter 3 of @consumerwelfhyp
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
9 months
@IlanStrauss , @timoreilly , and @MazzucatoM have written a superb and I think very important paper on information costs, search algorithms, abundant but imperfect information, and the role of New Institutional Economics, focusing mainly on Amazon.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
11 months
I hope you pay special attention to this set of comments on the 2023 draft Merger Guidelines, submitted by a group of lawyers and economists who have worked in this field for a long time.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
Promarket is doing a symposium on the 2023 draft Merger Guidelines. My post, focusing mainly on the first two Guidelines, came up this morning.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
Concurrences published this interview of me, graciously conducted by Doug Melamed. In part it is retrospective and in part my thoughts on the unhealthy divisions in antitrust policy today.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
10 months
So the FTC is rediscovering consumer welfare?
@superwuster
Tim Wu
10 months
The most interesting thing about the FTC's Amazon complaint today is how non-exotic it is -- no fancy theories, just allegations of conduct that raise prices for consumers
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
The Regulatory Review just posted my little piece on what is right and what is wrong about the FTC's proposed rule on employee noncompetes.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
4 months
The antimonopoly movement in the United States is populist, not progressive. Will it or should it evolve into more? I just posted “Will Antitrust Become Progressive?” Comments welcome.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
"Worker Welfare and Antitrust" shows how both neoliberal and populist policies, which are disdainful of high output, harm labor: neoliberalism because it defines “consumer welfare” to include profits, and populism because of its aversion to bigness.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
The WULR is publishing my article on what counts as harm to competition under the antitrust laws and what proof of causation is required. Available at
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
5 months
I just posted this short piece on antitrust market definition, comparing the two methodologies most often cited by courts and antitrust enforcement agencies – namely, the Hypothetical Monopolist test (HMT) and the Brown Shoe factors. Comments welcome.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
I am happy that Promarket published my exposition of the good and the not-so-good in recently proposed Congressional legislation intended to rein in competitive abuses by the big internet platforms.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
Here is my new piece on court-compelled interoperability, both static and dynamic, as a remedy for platform monopoly. It provides significant advantages over structural relief but is not always the best solution. .
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
NCAA vs. Alston is the first private plaintiff’s victory in a Supreme Court rule of reason antitrust decision in decades. Will it now be easier for future antitrust plaintiffs to win cases? My take:
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
Happy that the NYU Law Review Online is publishing my little piece, “Vertical Control,
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
My paper on interoperability remedies is coming out in the Columbia Law Review Forum, including some thoughts about the proposed ‘‘American Innovation and Choice Online Act’’.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
11 months
My revised paper on antitrust and self-preferencing is up. Comments welcome.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
Good post. “Competitive Process” is a slogan, not a standard – like “free markets.” People of widely different views state it. Justice Harlan used it to attack the per se rule against maximum RPM, while Justice Stevens used it to defend the same rule. Not much of a standard
@elhauge
Einer Elhauge
2 years
While the way court have applied the consumer welfare standard has led to underenforcement, DOJ Antitrust Head Kanter’s proposal to replace it with a “competition and the competitive process” test raises concerns discussed in my new piece. A thread: 1/18
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
Did the Progressives invent modern antitrust law? If so, how much did they get right? I explore these subjects in my revised paper.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
so this is a 40-year conspiracy of consumers to get low prices and high rates of innovation?
@doctorow
Cory Doctorow NONCONSENSUAL BLUE TICK
1 year
Rather, they represent the last gasp of a 40-year-long conspiratorial legal ideology that embraced the Reagan-era idea of "consumer welfare": 9/
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
Thanks to the terrific staff at the Boston University Law Review for publishing my “Looming Crisis in Antitrust Economics.” Good luck on exams.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 months
My paper "The Antitrust Text" was published today: 99 Ind. LJ 1063 (2024): what would antitrust policy look like if it were driven by the text of the antitrust statutes using ordinary rules of statutory construction. file:///C:/Users/hhovenka/Downloads/ssrn-4277914.pdf
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
Steve Salop has written a provocative piece proposing a "Reasonable Competitive Conduct" antitrust standard that combines elements of judicial decisions, consumer welfare, rule of reason reform, and increased attention to vertical conduct.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
I posted a short piece on self-preferencing, briefly examining relevant patent and antitrust law, including the right to repair. I also consider whether new legislation is needed and what it should look like. Comments welcome.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
yes, the impact was dramatic, making it one of the most successful antitrust decrees ever. But the successes came entirely from forced interoperability and global interconnection rights. It had nothing to do with the geographic breakup of traditional wired carriers.
@Schnubberschnup
Andrea, Electoral College Dropout
2 years
@matthewstoller @Sherman1890 I don't think he could have lived through it and have this opinion. The effect was immediate where I lived - more phones available and lower long-distance prices. But I remember asking mom about it (I was little) and feeling vaguely sad that "Ma Bell" was being broken up.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
Promarket just published my new piece on antitrust, innovation, and the Justice Department’s “New Madison” doctrine. How long will it survive in the Biden administration?
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
The Chicago Law review is about to publish my piece on antitrust and workers. If antitrust wants to get serious about aiding workers it needs to be more attentive to output in both labor markets and product markets.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
My history of antitrust policy and thought during the long progressive era has been revised. Thank you to the excellent editors at the Southern California Law Review. Comments are still welcome, and I appreciate those that I have already received.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
it exposes a big divide between progressive and populist antitrust. The first embraces growth and increased competition while the latter resists it. The tech bills, particularly AICOA, represent protectionist reactionary populism.
@superwuster
Tim Wu
1 year
I never underestimate Congress' love for big companies ... but frankly doing this would be a major embarrassment for the Democratic party
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
I would go even further. The Progressives invented modern antitrust doctrine during the period from 1900 to 1935 and we are returning to it today. See my new piece, “The Invention of Antitrust,” forthcoming USC Law Review.
@DemJournal
Democracy Journal
2 years
NEW: @openmarkets 's @brian_callaci on how the history of the Progressive Era antitrust movement remains very much relevant today.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
I discuss them in my forthcoming piece in the Yale Law Journal on Antitrust and Platform Monopoly, here:
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
Eric Posner has a fascinating, pro-enforcement, and certainly controversial new piece in Promarket arguing that increase in margins should be the principle guiding merger policy.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 months
Cover of my MIT Press book TECH MONOPOLY is here. Between illustrations of a network and a chip I picked the chip. Network has become too political.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
10 months
Nessie sounds like pretty standard behavior in imperfectly competitive markets, and it happens ever day. Firms guess at what kind of competitor reaction a price change will produce. Does using an algorithm make it worse? In any event, Section 2 requires exclusionary conduct.
@stacyfmitchell
Stacy Mitchell
10 months
1. "Amazon Used Secret ‘Project Nessie’ Algorithm to Raise Prices" A few highlights from this damning story...
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
I’ve posted “potential competition,” with an evaluation of the 2023 draft Merger Guidelines and their treatment of related concerns such as “entrenchment.” It also assesses the relationship between potential competition and market definition.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
3 years
The dismissals of antitrust cases against Facebook increase pressure on Congress to pass new legislation. They strengthen the argument that current antitrust law is not adequate. Congress must act wisely. Here’s my evaluation of the current proposals.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
This thread reflects some important themes. The "hostility" toward tech is largely manufactured by political activists. True, tech firms do some anticompetitive things, but targeting the most productive and innovative part of the economy based on innuendo is a costly mistake.
@adamkovac
Adam Kovacevich
1 year
WP veteran Steve Pearlstein - whom I've known, respected, and worked with for years - has a new opinion essay on how last year's failure of AICOA reflects Congress' dysfunction. Steve is entitled to his opinion - but I think he makes 4 key mistakes: 1/
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
My short piece on Antitrust Interoperability Decrees will be published by the Columbia Law Review Forum. Antitrust law can make better use of them than it currently does.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
@HalSinger FTCA §5 seriously possible. Absence of agreement makes Sherman Act §1 impossible, and dangerous probability of creating a monopoly under §2 unlikely too. This is what §5 was meant for. It has been used before for unaccepted solicitations.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
my piece on Antitrust Interoperability Remedies is finally published, here:
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
I’ll be on an OECD panel on the circular economy, 15 June. One concern is that changing U.S. antitrust attitudes toward productive efficiency are harming the war on climate change.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
9 months
This morning Promarket posted the diverse views of four of us ( @conlon_chris , @ProfFionasm , Harry First, & @Sherman1890 ) on the FTC's monopolization case against Amazon.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
Hastings Law Journal’s excellent Feb. 4, 2022, conference on antitrust and tech invited my talk on “Selling Antitrust” -- about why the press is enamored of antitrust's extremists, but impatient about its more productive but also more technical center.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
7 months
Fiona Scott Morton says of Sherman Act: “If it is not intended to protect consumer welfare, the Sherman Act does not seem to have much purpose at all...., courts have already stated that antitrust laws are not designed to protect competitors,”
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
4 years
I just posted thoughts about using #antitrust ’s #consumer welfare principle, particularly in #digital and #labor markets. “Antitrust Harm and Causation” (2021),
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
@leah_nylen An alarming trend. AT&T/Time-Warner court made same error, as did Penguin. Postmerger conduct among constituents is unilateral and largely unreachable, so we need to assume that the firm will maximize after the merger even if it promises not to. See
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
10 months
@LPEblog @sandeepvaheesan @laz_radic . I'll stand by what I wrote. I'm sure that if the authors write a treatise based entirely on 1960s SCT case law and ignore everything else, as they advocate, it will be a best seller.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
1 year
1: Brown: 370 U.S. at 323: “Congress used the words “may be” … to indicate that its concern was with probabilities, not certainties.…” “No statute was sought for dealing with ephemeral possibilities. Mergers with a probable anticompetitive effect were to be proscribed"....
@adamkovac
Adam Kovacevich
1 year
FTX spox signaling that FTC will appeal MSFT/Activision ruling on "may" in text of Clayton Act
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
11 months
We hope to have a good discussion of the 2023 draft Merger Guidelines, featuring one high ranking economist from each Agency, and two commentators. I hope you can join us.
@TheRegReview
The Regulatory Review
11 months
On 9/13 at noon ET, join us for an online discussion on the labor market aspects of the proposed U.S. merger guidelines. Featuring Herb Hovenkamp @Sherman1890 , @GusHurwitz , Ioana Marinescu @mioana , Aviv Nevo & Sanjukta Paul. @Penn Register here:
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
Recent growth of the digital economy is nearly four times that of economy overall. AICOA is an example, just as the Robinson-Patman Act, of targeting highly productive firms for adverse treatment in order to satisfy special interests who profit by ignoring consumer choice.
@wexler
Nu Wexler
2 years
Media lobbyists running the AICOA playbook -- add some content moderation sweeteners for R support and hope it doesn’t cost D votes on the other side
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
2 years
It's not a merger. It's an asset acquisition and not of productive assets. A merger would be purchase of the rival's chickens. She'll be back in the morning.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
8 months
Fascinating. The welfare maximizing solution is clearly a choice screen among the top search engine alternatives. If a violation is found, important for assessing the remedy.
@ErikHovenkamp
Erik Hovenkamp
8 months
My new paper about #USvGoogle . It presents an economic model of search engine defaults to study their effects on competition. As far as I know, this is the first study providing a formal model of search defaults. Free download: Thread: 1/n
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
7 months
Promarket asked Hiba Hafiz, Eric Posner, and me to each select what we thought was the most important recent antitrust development. Acting independently (no collusion or even conscious parallelism, I promise), we each picked labor.
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
7 months
this discussion misses that the law school market is competitive (200 of them); several are conservative: Scalia, BYU, Regent, Baylor, Ave Maria, others. If demand for more conservatives is keen, these schools would rise to the top. I see no evidence of collusion. What gives?
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@Sherman1890
Herbert hovenkamp
4 months
My Promarket piece on the Apple antitrust case considers two questions: 1) after initial repudiation, is the DOJ returning to a consumer welfare standard? What does the government need to show in order to win?
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