Analysis of our 1st season's cores has begun!
SWAIS2C core workshop offers the first glimpse of sediment from below the Ross Ice Shelf.
Find out more:
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
#HowMuchHowFast
An iceberg is a piece of ice that breaks off the edge of a glacier or ice sheet & floats in the sea until it melts.
This is how icebergs travel around
#Antarctica
. It shows where the larger (trackable) icebergs have come from since 1976.
By
@kevpluck
/
@MarloWordyBird
/
@pixelmnm
Setting out to do ambitious things in Antarctica means that sometimes things don't go exactly as planned. Due to technical issues we had to end the 1st SWAIS2C field season early. We are incredibly proud of what we've achieved so far & can’t wait to return to KIS-3 next year. 1/3
🚨🚨🚨 BREAKTHROUGH!
The hot water drill has successfully melted through almost 590 m (1,935 ft) of the Ross Ice Shelf and broken through its base to reach the ocean cavity below!
Congratulations, KIS-3 Team!
🧵
#SWAIS2C
#HowMuchHowFast
📸
@VeronikaMeduna
Co-Chief Scientists Tina Van de Flierdt
@vandeflierdt
and Richard Levy
@Pseudorutilaria
checking into the USAP Passenger Terminal in preparation for their ice flight today to Antarctica!
#SWAIS2C
📸 Veronika Meduna
You are one of the first people to see the seafloor below about 590 meters (~1935 ft) of ice at KIS-3 on the margin of the Ross Ice Shelf.
How incredibly cool is that?!
📸 Ollie Twigge
Map:
@MarloWordyBird
Brilliant news! Half the Science Team & all the Drill Team have arrived safely at KIS-3.
Camp is set up, and the rest of the Science Team will arrive sometime next week.
📸 Veronika Meduna
(🗺️Marlo Garnsworthy)
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
Our On-Ice Team has completed their field training!
They’ve practiced setting up camp and spent a night out on the ice, so they’ll be ready when they reach KIS-3, this season’s drill site at Kamb Ice Steam on the margin of the Ross Ice Shelf.
📸 Veronika Meduna
#SWAIS2C
With the construction of the science tent and weather haven, all larger structures are now up at this season's site, KIS-3.
We can't wait for SWAIS2C science operations to begin!
#SWAIS2C
#HowMuchHowFast
📽️ Timelapse: Richard Levy
Editing: Marlo Garnsworthy
Happy International Day of Women & Girls in Science!
Smiles from some of the excpeptional women of our 1st drilling season.
Meet the full
#SWAIS1C
team here:
#WomenInScience
#WomenInSTEM
#WomenInScienceDay
📸 Veronika Meduna & Tina van de Flierdt
How low will we go?
Through 590 m of ice. (~ 1940 ft)
And 50 m of ocean cavity. (~ 165 ft)
And into Earth's history below.
What happened to the Ross Ice Shelf in the warmer past?
What will happen as our climate warms now?
[Needs a click. Art to scale.] 🎨 Marlo Garnsworthy
1/6 🧵
What did we achieve in our first scientific drilling season at KIS-3? A lot!
A summary of today's press release, in tweets!
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
#HowMuchHowFast
We have a drill tent!
We look forward to starting science operations: drilling through the ice shelf & into the sediment/rocks below.
These cores will tell us whether the Ross Ice Shelf melted when Earth was warmer in the past. Will it survive 2°C of warming?
📽️ Richard Levy
Tent city! This will grow once the final group of scientists arrives.
Isn't it beautiful? Imagine waking up to that perfect polar view each morning...
#SWAIS2C
📸 Veronika Meduna
Jane Chewings, Hot Water Driller, tells us more about the hot water drilling system.
We'll use this to melt a hole through the Ross Ice Shelf so we can drill into the sediment below it.
#WomenInSTEM
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
📽️ Veronika Meduna
I'm here to let you folk know about our international science project: Sensitivity of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to 2 degrees of warming. We aim to source geological records from the centre of West Antarctica so scientists can better project coming sea-level rise.
#Antarctica
Ice shelves act like a buttress or wall, holding back the ice sheet flowing behind them.
When an ice shelf collapses back to the 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘇𝗼𝗻𝗲, there's nothing to hold the ice back.
#SWASI2C
#SaveTheIceShelves
🎨 Marlo Garnsworthy
Fantastic footage of the traverse to Kamb Ice Stream, the first of our two
#SWAIS2C
sites!
When they arrive, they will set up camp and the drilling equipment in preparation for our On-Ice Science team's arrival.
#Antarctica
#HowMuchHowFast
Eat, sleep, drive, repeat! 🚙
The traverse to Kamb Ice Stream has been underway for almost 11 days, making steady progress toward their destination. Any good advice for passing the time on a long journey? Let the team know in the comments below!
Like a giant mechanical caterpillar, the team set off a few days ago on a successful mini-traverse to retrieve the hot water drill.
How will we use it?
#SWAIS2C
#HowMuchHowFast
#Antarctica
📽️ Veronika Meduna
Words/editing: Marlo Garnsworthy
SWAIS2C = Sensitivity of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to 2° Celsius of Warming
I asked the SWAIS2C Team what words best describe the SWAIS2C Project.
Here's what they said.
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
#HowMuchHowFast
🎨/animation
@MarloWordyBird
SWAIS2C Drilling Engineer Darcy Mandeno delivers some stellar news.
We're very excited for the next stage of SWAIS2C to begin!
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
📽️
@VeronikaMeduna
There's no water main on the Ross Ice Shelf. Maintaining the basics for human life in Antarctica takes hard work!
Watch our On-Ice Team get a lesson on how to fill the melter.
📽️ Veronika Meduna
Editing: MG
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
Merry KIS-mas from the SWAIS2C Team!
And wishing a happy, safe, fruitful KIS-mas from the Comms Team to our On-Ice Team working hard throughout the holidays at KIS-3.
Thanks to Anthony Powell/Antarctica New Zealand for the spectacular drone footage and pics.
We did recover 7.6 m of ocean floor sediment using gravity and hammer coring. Hidden in this number is the longest sediment core recovered at the Siple Coast. Check out the 1.92 m hammer core with our drilling science coordinator Gavin Dunbar for scale! 2/3
How do you keep your food fresh in the coldest place on Earth?
In a freezer, of course!
Among many tasks required to set up camp at KIS-3, the On-Ice Team has completed excavating the freezer. Scientist Jason Coenen looks thrilled!
📸 Veronika Meduna
#SWAIS2C
@JCoenen30
Are you ready for some hot stuff?
We are!
The Drilling Team is preparing the hot water system for the hot water drill. (Maybe our On-Ice Team will even enjoy a hot shower at some point!)
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
#HowMuchHowFast
🎥 Veronika Meduna
Editing Marlo Garnsworthy
It's Snowscape Saturday! When our team lands near Scott Base & McMurdo Station, the 1st thing they'll see is Mt. Erebus, the 2nd highest volcano & 6th highest mountain in Antarctica at 3,794 m/12,448 ft.
And it's active. See the plume at its summit?
📸
@MarloWordyBird
NSF
This is the fabulous view of McMurdo Sound, Observation Hill, and the Ross Ice Shelf our On-ice Team will soon see as they come in to land on the ice shelf not far from Scott Base!
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
📸
@MarloWordyBird
Probing West Antarctic Ice Sheet Climate Mysteries / We're part of an international project pushing new boundaries to understand how the vulnerable West Antarctic Ice Sheet could respond to climate
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
@durham_uni
@geogdurham
How do you celebrate Christmas when you're on the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf in the middle of West Antarctica so far from family?
With great food, decorations & an elf on an ICE shelf, of course!
📸
@VeronikaMeduna
🐧🎨 Jae Il Lee
Elf 📸 Anthony Powell, Antarctica New Zealand
Some of our team working on the tricky technical issues inherent in
#scientificdrilling
in
#antarctica
. Our one-of-a-kind drill will recover sediment cores from far below the surface of the Ross Ice Shelf at a site that is vulnerable to warming oceans
#icesheets
#climatechange
Great piece on SWAIS2C's 1st season w/ Co-Chief Scientists Richard Levy & Tina van de Flierdt + Drilling Science Coordinator Gavin Dunbar.
Scientists drill 600m into ice to unlock West Antarctica's frozen past
#SWAIS2C
@Pseudorutilaria
@vandeflierdt
Microbiologist Alex Michaud explains why he is taking samples of snow.
We will use melted snow as drilling fluid in the hot water drill, which will melt through the Ross Ice Shelf so we can access the sediment below it.
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
🎥 Veronika Meduna
Happy Antarctica Day from the SWAIS2C team!
We're about to embark on 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗬 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗢𝗨𝗥 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘𝗧𝗜𝗠𝗘.
Find out more at
#AntarcticaDay
#SWAIS2C
🎨 credit Marlo Garnsworthy
So, what's an ice shelf anyway? 🤷
Ice shelves are floating platforms of ice where a glacier or ice sheet flows onto the ocean surface. They act like a dam, holding back the ice flowing behind them.
They're beautiful & they're vital.
#SaveTheIceShelves
#ClimateCrisis
What kind of microfossils might we find in our cores? Diatoms!
If we find marine algae from the last interglacial 125,000 years ago, when Earth was ~1.5°C warmer, we'll know there was open ocean along the Ross Ice Shelf's Siple Coast.
🎨
@MarloWordyBird
#FossilFriday
What's it like to fly over
#Antarctica
? Spectacular! We see soaring mountains, huge glaciers, sea ice, and the incomprehensibly vast Antarctic Ice Sheet.
We land on the Ross Ice Shelf, the subject of our work. Did it melt when Earth was warmer in the past?
📽️
@MarloWordyBird
While waiting on weather for their flight to the field, our team had the chance to visit Scott's Discovery Hut, where everything is just as Scott and his team left it. Including a bag of remarkably preserved onions!
Interior 📸 Veronika Meduna
Exterior 📸 Marlo Garnsworthy/NSF
Did you know you can read a daily report direct from our site on the Ross Ice Shelf?
Stay updated on what the KIS-3 Team is up to:
📸 The full KIS-3 Team by Anthony Powell (Antarctica New Zealand)
We did recover 7.6 m of ocean floor sediment using gravity and hammer coring. Hidden in this number is the longest sediment core recovered at the Siple Coast. Check out the 1.92 m hammer core with our drilling science coordinator Gavin Dunbar for scale! 2/3
No washing machine?
No problem!
Life in a remote Antarctic field camp has its challenges, but they're no match for the SWAIS2C team.
Co-Chief Scientist
@vandeflierdt
shows us how it's done.
📽️
@VeronikaMeduna
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
Jenn Daniels works for
@AntarcticaNZ
and is the SWAIS2C "camp mum", ensuring everything runs smoothly for our scientists and drillers. She spoke to
@radionz
's Morning Report about Christmas with an Elf on the Ross Ice Shelf.
Time to dig deep!
Members of the Drilling Team are digging out the cellar hole above which the drill rig will sit.
Soon, we'll go even deeper—when hot water drilling begins.
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
📸 Veronika Meduna
Words/editing: Marlo Garnsworthy
🤔Ever pondered the big questions about what it’s like to live at a deep-field Antarctic research camp, but been too polite to ask? GNS Science and
@vicuniwgtn
PhD student Linda Balfoort takes us behind the scenes at the
@swais2C
KIS-3 camp.
While our team is at our KIS3 site, they won't see any wildlife, but while at Scott Base preparing for the field, they may see some ice slugs sitting on the sea ice of McMurdo Sound.
Rather, Weddell seals and a magnificent view of the Scott Coast.
📸 Marlo Garnsworthy/NSF
Looks like a nice day for a walk!
Here, all routes are flagged for safety.
⬛️ Black flags signify dangerous no-go areas
🟦 Blue flags mark fuel lines
🟥🟩 Red & green flags mark routes people can drive or walk along
📸 Veronika Meduna
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
Sleeping warm on ice:
✅ extra-thick Thermarest pad with added foam
✅ sheep skin
✅ polar fleece inner layer
✅ down sleeping bag
✅ 2nd synthetic sleeping bag to wick moisture away from the body
✅ thermal underwear
⛔️ 🥶
📸 Veronika Meduna
#SWAIS2C
We're committed to 30 cm of sea level rise, but how much higher will the seas rise as Earth warms? How soon?
#SWAIS2C
aims to refine our understanding so we can better prepare.
What would 3 m of sea level rise look like?
#SaveTheIceShelves
📽️
@kevpluck
/
@MarloWordyBird
Nothing says morning in Antarctica like a steaming cup of Joe!
Co-Chief Scientist Richard Levy
@Pseudorutilaria
grinds those beans while Co-Chief Tina Van de Flierdt
@vandeflierdt
waits with happy anticipation.
📸 Veronika Meduna
This is how we see
#Antarctica
- at the centre of it all.
#SWAIS2C
will add a couple of dots on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet when we drill in two locations to understand whether the ice sheet has melted in temperatures similar to 2 degrees of warming.
While our team is at Scott Base preparing for the field, they may enjoy a climb to the top of Observation Hill ("Ob Hill"), where they'll be treated to views of nearby McMurdo Station, the largest US Antarctic base.
📸 Marlo Garnsworthy/NSF
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
We'll study the 𝗺𝗶𝗰𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗹𝘀 in the sediment we retrieve to see if the ocean was open at KIS-3 in the past.
If the ocean was open when Earth was 1.5 or more Celsius warmer, we'll better know how vulnerable the WAIS is to warming.
🎨
@MarloWordyBird
#SWAIS2C
What's in the box? 👀
Scientists Alex Michaud and Jason Coenen inventory food supplies before they're stored in the freezer they excavated.
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
📸 Veronika Meduna
What is HWD? Why do we use it?
To find out more about our scientific drilling process, visit:
Drilling graphic: GNS Science
📷 Anthony Powell/Antarctica New Zealand
#SWAIS2C
#HowMuchHowFast
#Antarctica
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is "one of the most vulnerable components in the Earth system to increasing warming. But we fundamentally do not know when and how fast it will disintegrate and raise global sea level by several meters," says
@vandeflierdt
We also completed sampling for microbiology and geochemistry, imaged the seafloor and bottom of the ice sheet, collected measurements on temperature, salinity, and density in the ocean cavity and deployed instruments to keep recording data in the water column. 3/3
"We're at the frontier, drilling through an ice shelf into the seafloor, to acquire sediment samples that no one has previously been able to obtain," said
@Pseudorutilaria
.
Antarctic scientists gather crucial information to learn climate secrets
The On-Ice Team doesn’t get the weekend off, but sedimentologist Linda Balfoort expresses how we all feel about SWAIS2C being at KIS-3 at last!
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
Hey, it's Fieldwork Friday! This was during the KIS-2 (Kamb Ice Stream) experiment on the Siple Coast. The hot water drill site was on the edge of a sub-glacial channel flowing into the Ross Ice Shelf cavity.
Our 1st SWAIS2C site is KIS-3.
📸 Craig Stevens/NIWA
KIS-3 Panorama-rama!
(May need a click.)
While the major structures are in place, the On-Ice Team is still completing the rest of camp setup. The final 6 members of the team will arrive soon. We look forward to starting science operations!
#SWAIS2C
📸 Veronika Meduna
Seeing life swimming 700m below Antarctic ice around 500km from the open, sunlit ocean sent Huw Horgan into "just complete shock". Huw is one of the SWAIS2C science leads and you can read about his find in a great long article
#Antarctic
#ClimateScience
Listen to this excellent podcast by
@VeronikaMeduna
about SWAIS2C, our science & our first drilling season at KIS-3.
Featuring Co-Chief Scientists Richard Levy & Tina van de Flierdt & other On-Ice Team members.
#Antarctica
#HowMuchHowFast
#SWAIS2C
Camp Manager Jenn Danis tells us what she looks for when she does her several-times-daily weather observations.
#WomenInSTEM
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
📽️ Veronika Meduna
Editing Marlo Garnsworthy
Do we need to rethink the phrase "glacial pace"? It doesn't really mean what it used to. Great long article on what's happening to the ice sheets and how we can measure change.
From 2014-2017, more Antarctic ice vanished than the Arctic lost in 3 decades. As sea ice thinned, the force of surface winds on newly exposed water strengthened the Ross Gyre, warming the waters and hastening the collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet
Before we drill into the sediment below the ice shelf, we're taking measurements of the water column using the 𝗖𝗧𝗗.
Below: a regular CTD & physical oceanographer Ollie Twigge with the slim one that will fit down our borehole.
L 📸
@MarloWordyBird
R 📸
@DeniseKulhanek
Today's Talk Like an Antarctican: Our team flew to Antarctica in a 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗰.
They may not be pretty, and you will need earplugs, but at least, you get a lot of legroom!
#SWAIS2C
#Antarctica
All 📸 Marlo Garnsworthy/NSF
6/6
Preparations are already underway for the next season, when we will return to KIS-3 armed with new knowledge & experience.
To read the full media release, visit
To discover more about the ground-breaking SWAIS2C project, scan the QR code.
One of our contributing parties
@AWI_Media
was involved in this fascinating project using hydrophones to record the sound of the polar regions. My favourite is the Antarctic ice ‘singing’ which is appropriately dramatic.
Alex Michaud prepares samples from the gravity corer.
What kind of microfossils (fossils of microscopic organisms such as diatoms) will we find? What will they tell us about the climate when they were living? Was there an open ocean at KIS-3?
📸
@VeronikaMeduna
#SWAIS2C
Study, whose co-authors include SWAIS2C Co-Chief Scientist
@vandeflierdt
and Science Team member David Harwood, challenges the classical view of the origin of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and warns of its vulnerability
#Antarctica
#HowMuchHowFast
It's Wordy Wednesday!
On-Ice Team member
@JCoenen30
has just taken his 𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗙𝗟𝗜𝗚𝗛𝗧, landed safely in Antarctica, and sent us these great pics.
Wishing safe travels to the rest of our team soon to take their ice fight!
📸 Jason Coenen/NSF
#Antarctica
#SaveTheIceShelves
"If nothing had changed, we'd expect to see a winter like this about once every 7.5 million years." Vast regions of Antarctic coast are exposed that we have never experienced as bare before.
#Antarctica
#SWAIS2C
#ClimateCrisis
#HowMuchHowFast
It's a very exciting day for SWAIS2C! Our first press release has launched, and our team is soon to launch, too, on their expedition to Antarctica's Ross Ice Shelf.
Find out more about our international
#SWAIS2C
project here:
#HowMuchHowFast
#Antarctica
@icdpDrilling
@SWAIS2C
project in West Antarctica’s interior now ready for launching: Sensitivity of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to Two Degrees of Warming (SWAIS2C) Press Release👉
@icdpDrilling
project infoℹ️