*A thread of social psychology resources for the
#Covid_19
crisis (mostly
#OpenAccess
)*
1/9 Facilitating Collective Psychosocial Resilience in the Public in Emergencies: Twelve Recommendations Based on the Social Identity Approach
Why does 'Living with Covid' have to mean living with widespread illness, increasing Long Covid, and high levels of risk for the clinically vulnerable instead of ventilation, masks and properly supported supported self-isolation?
I've just done 5 BBC radio interview in a row. Each one started with the question: what shall we do about all these people breaking the rules?
I said:
1. Public adherence to most of the required behaviours has been high throughout the pandemic
Just re-sharing this one today
#RishiSunak
Subsidising the spread of COVID-19: Evidence from theEat-Out-to-Help-Out Scheme
'Areas with higher take-up saw both a notable increase in new COVID-19 infection clusters within a week of the scheme starting.'
This is tragically wrong. He’s both rewriting history and spreading misinformation. The experts weren’t empowered enough - indeed, they were used at times as shields for political incompetence and dithering.
With a UK government announcement coming soon on 'the legal requirement to self-isolate to be dropped', here's a short thread of research evidence on some of the psychological aspects
1/9
Now Sunak & supporters claim that the UK government 'didn't have all the evidence' on the possible effects of 'lockdown'.
That's odd. I distinctly remember them being shown this analysis. Perhaps they didn't read it...
5. One simple measure that would make a big difference is fixing the broken TTI system. Self-isolation is just 30%. Main reason is financial. Give people more financial and social support to isolate.
18 years ago today, I was evacuated from a tube station due to a 'power surge'.
56 people were killed in the
#LondonBombings
The survivors, who were strangers, became a group.
They gave support, treated injuries, saved lives.
This is their story:
1/4
Tory MPs fear public fear: The MPs consider their own fear rational but that of the public irrational.
In fact there is a long history of elite fear of public panic...
'One in five going into workplace unnecessarily amid UK Covid crisis'
Why don't the government target these bosses with the same energy they have applied to members of the public supposedly 'bending the rules'? (rhetorical question)
Schools opening Monday. I haven't heard anything about how the government are helping with extra space, staff or ventilation. They do some of these things in other places (e.g. Germany). It's a political choice.
'UCU has called on university and college employers across the UK to 'raise their game' in the fight against Omicron by allowing vulnerable staff to work remotely and ensure higher quality face masks are freely available for all staff working in-person on campus.'
It’s difficult to predict as there are multiple interacting factors.
First, the change in policy sends a very strong signal (to some people) that the pandemic is less serious
2/9
'Most people with symptoms of an infectious disease are not following advice to stay home, even if they believe they have an infectious illness. Reducing these rates may require a shift in our national attitude to infectious illnesses'
1/2
We took a recent slice from the CORSAIR dataset to see whether people were adhering to that. The pre-print (nb *not peer reviewed* - liable to change) is here:
'Masks can also help indirectly to influence behaviour by reminding people that there is still a pandemic, said
@robertjwest
. “At a time when we need to be doing as much signalling as we can, masks are very helpful,” he said.'
Covid: Guidance v rules?
'We either need clear leadership representing the collective will, or properly organised support to equip the public with the knowledge to make informed decisions. Otherwise, we risk a chaotic & dangerous individualism.'
'bus drivers, social care workers, cleaners, shop workers, mutual aid groups, & teachers put the needs of society above their own health & welfare'
Covid has demonstrated our interdependence & futility of individualism/ selfishness. Great end-of year summary from
@devisridhar
Happy Christmas! 🎄 New Guardian article: If you wanted to run an experiment on Earth to understand human behaviour, this pandemic would be the perfect opportunity.
A short thread on positivity and cases in the UK.
TL;DR Cases are rocketing in the UK.
On only 15 days previously have we recorded higher numbers of cases than yesterday.
Rising in Eng, Wales and NI, but falling in Scotland.
Rising in all age groups (even over 60s).
1/10
We studied what happens when police use unexpectedly indiscriminate and illegitimate force to remove peaceful protesters from a gathering
tl;dr: participants became radicalized against the police
Workforce 👨🏽🏫
I have asked former teachers who have either left the profession or retired to come forward to temporarily support workforces for the new term.
I know many have stepped forward and it's this Blitz spirit that will be essential in turning the tide on Covid.
[5/8]
While both of the above suggest that many people will stop wearing masks and distancing, the same ONS survey suggests that many people say they will carry on
4/9
(2) Others’ behaviour.
The mask-wearing behaviour of our reference groups will be important in the extent to which we do the same. We infer risk and appropriateness from our peers’ actions – though this can go both ways, of course.
6/9
1, A survey by the LSE in April 2020 found that social norms and a sense of 'we're all in it together' were stronger predictors of compliance with lockdown measures than legal compulsion
8/9
'the long-term consequences of Covid infections had not been properly accounted for in the way the UK was handling the pandemic. “The accumulative damage to health, with a disproportionate effect on disadvantaged groups, is profound,”'
@SGriffin_Lab
3/4
But lack of information in an emergency actually creates anxiety. In trying to protect the public from fear, the authorities damage trust. In an emergency, people need practical information not emotional reassurance ('stay calm', 'don't panic')
(3) Organizations’ decisions and rules.
Similar to government policy, rules on masks by transport companies & shops can signal the seriousness of the situation.
Finally, evidence that the power of the mandate does work more through the social signal it sends than coercion:
7/9
Self-isolation for
#COVID__19
has always been a problem.
Resorting to coercion is a failure of public engagement and is a poor solution.
A thread of evidence and alternatives. 1/6
1. The rationale for vaccine passports in nightclubs was two-fold:
(a) reduce infections among people attending events
(b) encourage more young people to get vaccinated
So-called 'freedom day' brings real dangers, beyond the virus itself. We wrote this brief report to highlight the need to maintain the solidarity that has been crucial in the public response to the pandemic.
'From managed to supported quarantine for international travel'
New
@IndependentSage
briefing led by
@LindaBauld
, brings together relevant research evidence & makes practical recommendations on how to do it better - for travellers and everyone else
If the SAGE recommendation of a 2-week circuit breaker was implemented at the end of September, up to 2000 lives could have been saved. Because it wasn't, we have to have a 'lockdown' of twice the length. And when will Test & Trace be fixed?
There are also plans by the UK government to drop the £500 compensation for self-isolation provided to a minority of people.
Likely impacts are as in previous tweet, with likely spread of infection greater amongst less privileged groups.
9/9
Catch up with the
@IndependentSage
weekly briefing, including
@chrischirp
with the essential numbers:
- The beginnings of the new Omicron wave
- Levels of protection offered by boosters & infection
- Long covid numbers
- The need to prioritise clean air
The psychology of social class: How socioeconomic status impacts thought, feelings, and behaviour
Powerful ansd important analysis in the new BJSP Landmark article. Please RT
@WileyPsychology
@BPSOfficial
@socialpsychUK
1/2
The new SAGE-EMG, SPI-B document 'Mitigations to Reduce Transmission of the new variant SARS-CoV-2 virus' includes this elegant summary figure of transmission routes and mitigating behaviours
New research coming soon. We have just been awarded
@ESRC
funding for research into how and why people collectively perceive and respond to hostile threats. Looking forward to working with a fantastic team of colleagues
Some background here:
Behavioural legacies of 'freedom' days --
On the anniversary, a brief account of why relatively few people are adopting protective measures, even as rates of
#Covid
infection are rocketing in the UK.
Please share.
4/4
Even worse, not telling the public the facts about the threat 'in case they panic' leads to worse outcomes in terms of adaptive behaviour - as in this classic study by Proulx & Sime of evacuation from an underground station
However, policy *changes* have a strong signalling effect, informing public judgements about seriousness and risk - as has been shown at several points during the pandemic.
7/9
But seriously: most of us in our professional lives are very clear that emails, texts, WhatsApps form part of the legal evidence base that may be called upon and must be available, for example by a tribunal. How is this not the case in government?
Therefore, likely impacts of a government announcement that 'the legal requirement to self-isolate is also set to be dropped' include:
1, significantly reduced perceptions of risk among the public
2, less self-isolation
8/9
Today Cummings implicated SPI-B in the flawed 'fatigue' rationale for delaying measures against the pandemic. Here's the SPI-B paper from March 2020 that clarifies that 'fatigue' was should not be an interpretation of any SPI-B recommendations.
Only 20% of those reporting symptoms of COVID-19 in England report fully self-isolating by staying home
@SusanMichie
@EPR_HPRU
@DrRichardAmlot
A key point: Using volunteer networks effectively to support people in isolation may promote adherence.
The Omicron variant was a stark warning of the consequences of global vaccine inequality.
I've joined 300+ scientists to tell the government to clear away patents and let low and middle-income countries manufacture Covid-19 vaccines.
#PeoplesVaccine
Also thanks to the organizers for making good accommodations for covid and providing masks and daily tests, meeting in person is great and I’m glad we’ve been able to do it safely ❤️
How do people *really* behave in emergencies and disasters? What does the research evidence tell us? How does this apply to Covid-19?
Read chapter 13 of this *free* download book to find out more
solidarity with
@SusanMichie
- she is an outstanding scientist and communicator and being asked about her political views in an interview about covid is out of order and irrelevant.
I certainly won't be doing GMB until and unless they apologise publicly.
A key message from
@chrischirp
: a second wave and a second lockdown is NOT inevitable. An IMPROVED Find Test Trace Isolate & Support system can help prevent both
@IndependentSage
Really clear explanation of exponential growth
'Eventually when enough people gain immunity the virus is denied the contacts it needs to spread.ut why would we try to achieve natural immunity with all the risks &none of the benefits of allowing everyone to be doubly vaccinated?'
"Further unlocking on 19 July 2021 risks accelerating the unmitigated spread of the virus, posing an ‘exponential’ threat to the health and well-being of a nation."
Opinion piece in the
@bmj_latest
The amount of financial and practical support provided by the UK government to those self-isolating was less than that in most comparable countries
5/9
5/5
AND Gardner's brilliant historical account shows how in World War II the public angrily rejected the government propaganda slogan 'Britain Can Take It' as they suffered during the Blitz
Just published: 'Crowds & Collective Behaviour' our encyclopedia on the latest thinking on crowd psych. Available from your university library (& Researchgate in due course)
Today,
@HannaZagefka
and I step down as editors of the British Journal of Social Psychology
@WileyPsychology
after three years. Here are ten things I learned from being editor of the British Journal of Social Psychology:
'Return to Covid tiers could plunge millions in England into crisis'
Yet more evidence of insufficient support for self-isolation. This government's failure to properly finance self-isolation is a false economy.
“People are getting angry, frustrated and resentful – they’re not getting tired. Solidarity is a really important part of people following challenging restrictions, [but] adherence is being undermined by many kinds of perceived unfairness.”
I'm being asked today about coercion as a solution to the problem of vaccine refusers. WHO, SPI-B, &Independent SAGE have all opposed coercion - it backfires and is the opposite of the engagement needed to get public buy-in to public health interventions.
'MPs not wearing masks was bad enough, but their defence of this position is even worse'
Why MPs' failure to wear masks and their reasons for not doing so are so damaging.
New in
@bmj_latest
from
@ReicherStephen
@LizStokoe
Ann Phoenix & me
Lockdown is not enough
As Andrew Hayward of SAGE said on Today, measures are needed to:
- combat inequalities arising from the pandemic
- support self-isolation
- pay voluntary groups to help
More here on what is needed here:
'We've got to live with the virus'. But 'we' are not all living with the same levels of risk. Ethnic minorities, poorer sections of society, and the young will disproportionately take the brunt of the rise in infections and illness.
Today at the
@covidinquiryuk
, Dominic Cummings will be appearing. Last time he spoke at a public hearing, he tried to blame unnamed behavioural scientists for delaying measures against the pandemic.
There was no evidence for these assertions.
Today Cummings implicated SPI-B in the flawed 'fatigue' rationale for delaying measures against the pandemic. Here's the SPI-B paper from March 2020 that clarifies that 'fatigue' was should not be an interpretation of any SPI-B recommendations.
THE study of Test Trace & Isolate:
'Levels of adherence to TT&I are low, but some improvement has occurred over time. Practical support & financial reimbursement will improve adherence. Targeting messaging & policies to men, younger groups, & key workers is also be necessary.'
A weak link of UK’s pandemic management has still not been fixed, despite public health & behavioural scientific advice. Poor adherence to the test, trace, and isolate system in the UK: results from 37 nationally representative surveys
@IndependentSage
The main reasons why people didn't fully adhere when self-isolating included: information on symptoms, and insufficient practical and financial support
4/9
'Despite what politicians say, the pandemic is not over'
Great summary of the current rise in cases and some of the possible explanations, from
@Kit_Yates_Maths
'Research evidence suggests that some people who have been vaccinated might reduce their adherence to protective behaviours.' The
@IndependentSage
briefing
Increase in infection in first 9 days after UK vaccination consistent with Israeli data. Interpretation by Israeli authors is that people are letting down their guard re protective behaviours after vaccination. SAGE &
@IndependentSage
have published reports raising this concern.
4/5
BUT important work by Kaniasty has shown how these emergent 'disaster communities' tend to be short lived and how solidarity is constrained by existing patterns of advantage and disadvantage:
New *open access* research report:
How PhD supervisors and faculty can help to avoid burnout and enhance engagement & organisational citizenship behaviour among PhD students
@Sussex_Psych
@SussexUni
Another example of politicians and commentators using discredited psychological concepts with little evidence
@covidinquiryuk
The “groupthink” concept detracts from an explanation of the organisational failures of the UK pandemic response
The latest SPI-B/SPI-M/EMG publication is cautious about vaccine certification and suggests that other measures -- such as properly supporting self-isolation -- could be more effective in reducing transmission
1. On the anniversary of 9-11, the most well-researched disaster of all time (at least until Covid), here is a thread of some of the readings I recommend on public behaviour during the event (mostly free access)
#September11th
'It’s time for masks, increased working from home, and proper measures to support schools to bring the
#covid
situation under control in a relatively pain-free manner.'
The essential
#Covid19UK
summary from
@Kit_Yates_Maths
'Despite the deprivations of the picket line – early mornings, hours standing in the cold, lost pay – I have rarely seen colleagues so happy. .... Reclawing time from management’s extractive demands gives us a glimpse of how the university could be.'