Everyone has heard of people who are extremely lean and seem able to eat what they want because they burn it all off. We have now characterized the lifestyles and metabolism of underweight people
@Cell_Metabolism
The results are unexpected
1/n
Recent reviewer comment. A high proportion (35%) of the cited papers in this manuscript are from before 2010.
Call me old fashioned but isn't it better to cite the first person who described something than the last person to repeat it.
Some advice for PhD students.
Pick your favourite scientist. The person you think is the best in your field.
Know this.
They get their grants rejected.
They also get their papers rejected.
When it happens to you, all you are doing is following their footsteps.
I don't think there is a shred of evidence that fat shaming reduces obesity. But even if it did, even if it was super effective. even if there were 10 RCTs and a meta-analysis, I still don't think it is justified. There are some things as decent human beings we just shouldn't do.
It's nice to see this in
@nature
. But dont get misled.
@nature
will never ever publish your replication study. Ever. No matter how important they say doing this is. They will not even review it. Ever.
Editorial: Replication studies are important. But publishing this work is not always a priority for researchers, funders or editors — something that must change.
Watching the all Ireland hurling final for the first time ever and its the most exciting sports event I ever saw. Super exciting and full of bits of minor violence and not one person rolling on the floor with a fake injury. Even the referee got blood drawn!
scientist: Fat in diets makes mice fat.
twitter: Ha. We can ignore that then. Don't you know mice arn't little humans. They tell us nothing about human nutrition.
also scientist: Keto diets stop mice getting flu
also twitter: I knew it. Such a great study.
Friday the 13th is supposed to be really unlucky….except of course when it’s the day
@ScienceMagazine
choose to publish your paper. Out in print today.. here are the main points.
Daily energy expenditure through the human life course | Science ()
Very happy to distribute here the latest paper from the
@IAEANA
DLW database published in
@NatMetabolism
which concerns the decline in energy expenditure over the last 3-4 decades in the USA and Europe. 1/
In Shenzhen they have a park called the Talent Park where they have statues of famous scientists like Newton, Darwin et al. Plus they have a bridge with poles on it celebrating lesser scientists who have contributed to Shenzhen. Last night I got my pole!!!
@ProfKarolSikora
If there was an injection available to cure cancer would you have the same attitude. That it undermines personal responsibility, and send the wrong message? For info, cancer and obesity have about the same balance of genetic and environmental causality.
Great news. My lab just voted for me to renegotiate with Nature about that paper they rejected. They have outlined what they don't like about the rejection and given me a clear mandate to go back and let Nature know what we need them to do. They voted 7 to 5 against no acceptance
I admire the fact that you lost a lot of personal weight. But its a mistake to think that in so doing you simultaneously became an expert in nutrition and medical science. Sugar is NOT every bit as deadly as tobacco.
Refined sugar can be every bit as deadly as tobacco. We banned tobacco adverts and changed the packaging regulations. Now we need to change the culture around sugary cereals to deal with the twin obesity and dental crisis.
#getthatmonkeyoffourpacks
Who would have guessed that the most populous country on earth would also have the most people living with diabetes. Also note they have the most people without diabetes as well at 1.3 billion. low meat, high carb, high seed oil for the win?
Thanks for your views. I give lots of talks on obesity and I would say at about 50% of them the 'isn't it just willpower' question arises. Generally the people asking are slim and have deluded themselves into thinking their body weight is a result of their superior willpower 1/3
Here I say that some obese people could lose weight with willpower - more exercise, less food. I explicitly exclude those with thyroid & other conditions. That this has caused offence underlines my point: we've seen a collapse in individual responsibility
Cancer scientist: we found some things related to cancer.
Public : oooo.. you're so clever
Nutrition scientist: we found some things controlling body weight
Public: don’t give me that shit. Obesity is caused by ….(insert idea here) as detailed in the tweets I just read
in case you want to bookmark for future reference, here are the links to the three days of streamed content for the
#RScausesobesity
meeting.
day one
day two
and day three
So much of the discussion on nutrition twitter revolves around good and bad foods. is meat good or bad, are eggs good or bad..blah blah. Here is an idea. There are NO good or bad foods. Just good or bad quantities.
Second surprise was that they ate about 12% less than the normal people. We may think they can eat whatever they want, but it seems what they actually want is less than what normal people want. 5/n
Did you know fast food restaurant meal servings on average have about 30% less calories than meals at full service restaurants - across the globe. Our latest work now out at
@bmj_latest
Calories in popular restaurant chain meals are “excessive” and this is a global problem, not confined to the US, finds new research
#XmasBMJ
@JMHNRCA
@johnspeakman4
Carbohydrate insulin model makes 5 predictions. We tested IN MICE. Two partially supported (and hence partially not supported). Other three were not supported. We conclude the CIM does not explain the impact of dietary macronutrients on adiposity in mice.
Very happy to have been inducted today (unfortunately in absentia) to the US National Academy of Sciences. Many thanks to my groups in the UK and China, past and present, who make this sort of accolade possible.
In recognition of his contributions to energetics, John R. Speakman of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is being inducted into the National Academy of Sciences. Watch the
#NAS159
livestream:
Delighted to announce on behalf of myself and co-organisers
@KevinH_PhD
David Allison and Thorkild Sorensen that the talks for the RS causes of obesity meeting are now online as individual talks you can access on youtube. Go to the site to get access
On Monday I was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences. I just want to say thanks to the people who nominated me, the people who have said congratulations, and most of all to my amazing groups in Aberdeen and Beijing past and present that made it possible. THANKS
I will shortly have a PhD position available in my shenzhen lab. If you are interested to work on a 'fatally flawed paradigm that has derailed obesity science' then this is the opportunity for you. contact me via email j.speakman
@abdn
.ac.uk with CV if interested.
For those of you asking why this recent
@ScienceMagazine
paper on metabolic rate through the lifecourse with
@HermanPontzer
and many others wasn't open access I'm very glad to say it now is. You can get it here for free.
Six years ago we published a paper in
@ScienceMagazine
on the remarkable low metabolism of the giant panda.
Now we extended this work in an interesting way...
full story follows.
Very happy to be awarded the Dale medal from the Society for Endocrinology today and present our work on very low protein diets.
#SfEBES2023
Many thanks to all my group who make this sort of thing possible.
Want to know the cause of obesity? Very happy to announce the Royal society is hosting a meeting of 24 world experts on 15-17th February 2021 to explore different ideas. Organised by
@johnspeakman4
@KevinH_PhD
David allison and Torkild Sorensen. Free to register and attend.1/n
We are currently expending about 220 kcal/d less for males and 122 kcal/d less for females than people of our age and body composition were in the late 1980s. These changes are sufficient to explain the obesity epidemic in the USA.
@KevinH_PhD
7/
I dont understand the referee/editor critique that 'this study is just an incremental advance'. That's literally how the best science works. Building slowly on solid foundations.
GENETICS and OBESITY.
I heard a lot recently about how genes can’t change in 60 years. If you envision this as gene mutations happening and then spreading then its true. But there are other mechanisms by which allele frequencies can change. And they can happen rapidly. 1/
In fact people with obesity often show enormous willpower to overcome these physiological drives. Something that people who were lucky in the genetic lottery (probably like you) never have to do. Your willpower is not superior to theirs. 4/3
Interesting that in the big lancet study on deaths due to bad diet the diets causing the lowest mortality were 'high in red meat' = lowest mortality! and 'high in sugar sweetened beverages' = 4th from lowest. Yet all the focus in reports was on increasing veg and fruit?
We also measured their resting metabolic rates. Third, surprise was they had much higher metabolic rates than predicted from their body composition and that was associated with elevated levels of circulating thyroid hormones, particularly T3, T4 and fT4. 6/n
Interestingly despite being less active they had lower TGs, higher HDL and lower LDL, suggesting being lean trumps activity for biomarkers of heart health. Or their diet helped both the leanness and the lipid profile 7/n
Thats good. Our recent paper in Nature metabolism (link below) shows body temperature likely a key indicator for lifespan extension. Would be better to know your 24h profile than a point measure though.
@prizzotweet
Why is someone so young as you even asking. This is my ex-student Ian (John) Forsyth. He graduated his PhD in 2012 aged 82. Sixty years after getting his BSc.
Very happy to be part of this great paper led by
@lewis_halsey
and
@CareauVincent
using data from the DLW database () and published Open access in Current Biology
here are the main points
Obesity is currently costing the US alone 210Bn$ a year. If the US gov invested ten billion dollars on research to work out why it happens and how to solve it, and that work halved its costs - that investment would pay itself back in just over month.
#RScausesobesity
Elsevier: someone has sent us a book proposal. It's 5 pages long. Will you review it for us?
Me: Elsevier made 9.8 Bn dollars profit last year, some of it charging me to publish papers. Will you be paying me for this book review service?
2 weeks later - still waiting for reply.
I am a native English speaker who moved to China 9 years ago. As soon as I started publishing papers with lists of Chinese students as authors I started to get comments from reviewers that my English was poor and would benefit from being proofread by a native speaker.
First surprise was they were not highly active. In fact their activity measured by accelerometry was about 23% less than people with normal BMI. This was true in both males and females. Their activity was lower throughout the whole day. 3/n
It is well established that obesity is driven by elevated appetite mostly down to genetics expressed in an obesogenic environment. Your appetite at 5pm is probably what a person with obesity deals with all the time. 3/3
wow...very pleased and honored to have been awarded the Osborne and Mendel basic research award from the American Nutrition Society!! Thanks to all my group past and present for making it possible.
Very happy to see this paper out. Capturing the discussions over a nice few days in Copenhagen. Sometimes face to face discussions are the best way to find common ground so often absent on social media.
@KevinH_PhD
@davidludwigmd
@garytaubes
Of course its still possible there are people that have the super thin phenotype that got there by eating what normal folks eat and then burning it off with excessive exercise. Just none of the people who volunteered for our study came anywhere near to that phenotype. 8/n
Remember the show 'The biggest loser'? Ethically questionable but if there was an inverse show called 'The biggest gainer' - what strategies would you advise the contestants use to gain body fat? Should be easy right? I'll start. I don't think the winner will be eating fruit.
Did you know under food restriction the gut gets larger? Our review paper on how food supply and changes in energy demand are related to growth of the alimentary tract is now out at obesity reviews.. enjoy
how about calling it that failed model that fits almost none of the data but was heavily promoted by a group of people with no nutrition training who wrote a ton of books on it for the public theory.....
Let’s stop calling it the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM), let’s call it the hormonally driven model for obesity.
Insulin
Adiponectin
Inflammation
Cortisol
Thyroid
Leptin
Grehlin
NPYY
NPY
CCK
Henceforth, I present to you the HDM...
Live cold, die old.
Our paper in
@NatMetabolism
last month on how hot body temperatures shorten lifespan in mice and hamsters has been the subject of a
@NatureAging
highlight. Thanks to Anna Kriebs for writing it.
Last october
@KevinH_PhD
David Allison, Thorkild Sorensen and I organised a 'causes of obesity' meeting at the Royal Society in London. The discussion and debate prompted us to write this article in
@ScienceMagazine
about 'unanswered questions'.
@NathanielEDavid
It is such a big disappointment that papers using this flawed comparative approach still get through in massive impact journals. You get just as good a plot between lifespan and eyeball diameter. see
@MrsSasser
the very first lecture I gave (physiology) I ended with 'any questions?' an older guy at the front said 'yes, last summer I was sailing on the west coast and two basking sharks swam past. where were they going?' . I didn't ask again for 2 years!
I finally started to read 'Sapiens'. Already on page 3 I'm disappointed. It says a single ape 6 million years ago had two daughters one of whom was the ancestor all humans and the other the ancestor of all chimpanzees. Really? I'm pretty sure that's not how evolution works.
Hey twitter. This is Emem Udoh. Today she did her PhD viva and she passed. Hooray! But because of the virus we cant celebrate it with our usual group cake/champagne. She isnt on twitter - but please consider sending her an email to say "congrats on your PhD". e.udoh
@abdn
.ac.uk
Very happy today to be among the prize winners for the best papers published in 2021 in the Institute end of year ceremony - for our paper in Science
@HermanPontzer
check out our latest work here. key points.
mice increase their food intake before gaining weight disproving the reverse causality idea. Plus they eat much more than expected from passive overconsumption. hedonic overdrive fits these data best.
HOT OFF THE PRESS
@johnspeakman4
et al. tested 3 models of why mice experience high-fat diet-induced obesity. Using 240 mice exposed to 12 high-fat diets, they found the hedonic overdrive model fits the data best compared to passive overconsumption and reverse causality.
I got to thinking about all these keto bods and the need to peel off your shirt to show how good your diet is. Yet I cant help thinking a massive confound here is going to the gym. So is there anyone out there who has just done keto without gym work? If so show us your pecs mate
Our new review on genetics of physical activity "Genetic factors associated with human physical activity: Are your genes too tight to prevent you exercising?", has just been accepted in Endocrinology. Main message is PA has high heritability, but no so much you cant intervene.
I have been offline for 7 days with no home internet and hence no twitter - moving house. In the meantime it was announced I won the TOPS award from the obesity society. Thanks everyone for your kind comments and congratulations. Sorry for delay in acknowledging!
You don't see this very often. Me in a suit and tie....! out to dinner at the Leverhulme Trust this evening. Now back at the RS preparing my talk for tomorrow. is 70 slides too many for 15 mins I wonder??
#RScausesobesity
Look at this almost a perfect correlation. Except China. oh and Argentina. and the UK. and all the European countries. But otherwise its almost r = 1.0, or 0.1 close anyway to being somewhere between 0 and nearly not 0, so that completely proves it.
Vegetable oil kills. The most common high PUFA oil is soy. Worldwide equation: Soy oil consumption = high COVID-19 death rate. Very little of either in Africa & S America besides Brazil. (China is an outlier unless consumption/infection by province correlates better)
#FATBURNfix
By measuring their Total energy expenditure using Doubly-labelled water and their weight change in the measurement period we could objectively measure their food intake averaged over a period of 2 weeks. 4/n
Just 5 days until the Causes of obesity meeting in London
@royalsociety
organised by
@KevinH_PhD
David Allison, Thorkild Sorensen and myself. I am really excited about the meeting and cant wait for it to start. You can still join us in person or online.
so here is a little obesity-willpower experiment you can do. Tomorrow when you get up skip your breakfast. Then skip your lunch. Then around 5pm lets think about how great your willpower is to overcome your appetite. 2/3
The classic interpretation of the effects of caloric restriction on lifespan is the disposable soma hypothesis. In this perspective I propose a novel idea that I have called the 'clean cupboards' hypothesis. Read it here. Very happy to have comments.
Here is my signature in the
@royalsociety
charter book along with most of the 'class of 2018'. Great culmination to an amazing 3 days. Glad I didnt blot the velum or fall off the stage. Incredible to be listed in the same book as Darwin and Newton.
Since I am in London I popped down to downing street this pm to see if any jobs were on offer. I mean the bar seems to have dropped so low you never know what could happen.
We recruited 150 people with BMI <18.5 living in Beijing, and compared them to 173 normal weight individuals (BMI 21.5 to 25). We screened out people with eating disorders, those living with HIV and individuals who had lost weight due to prior disease. 2/n
Back in April I should have attended the APS summit in LA to get the Solomon Berson award. But due to some visa issues I couldn't attend. Today it arrived in the post. Its very nice and weighs a ton. Many thanks to the APS for choosing me.
@kevinnbass
I think what you mean is it doesn't fit your narrative, so you are going to call it unreliable. If you had lived it, been tested everyday for months on end, locked down if a case within 1 km, you would be less dismissive.
Our paper from the IAEA DLW database on effects of ambient temperature changes on human energy expenditure is now online at
@iScience
. Here is some background on the study, what we found and its implications. 1/16
Today is thanksgiving – and not coming from the US I am mostly giving thanks for our paper in Science published today on human water turnover. 1/
Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors | Science
10.1126/science.abm8668.
The first batch of papers from the causes of obesity meeting held in London last year will be released on Monday. Second batch coming in oct/nov.
@KevinH_PhD