DanielR @DanielR33187703 Twitter profile

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DanielR

10 days

1. The air data computer from a Shahed-136 #drone was reversed engineered by Le labo de Michel @lelabodemichel5162 with a detailed explanation given in a YouTube video. This computer supplies airspeed and altitude to the drone’s flight computer.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

1. The Loaf (Bukhanka), a van designed in 1965, has become russia’s main battlefield transport vehicle. The Loaf reveals a lot about how well russia is doing in Ukraine.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

1. A mysterious #Ukrainian #drone is striking targets deep inside russia. This drone is causing lots of problems for the russians but what is it?

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

1. One year ago the idea of a light-duty utility vehicle (similar to a golf cart) performing the functions of an armoured personnel carrier would have been ridiculous. But sometimes reality is stranger than anticipated.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

4 months

1. Lyutyy (Fierce) is what the Russians call a #drone that has been burning up their #oil refineries and storage depots. Ukraine has been striking deep into Russia seemingly at will. What is this drone that is doing so much damage?

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

7 months

1. Magic radios? Russian Telegram channels rave about “magic” Russian-made Hermes anti-interference communication kit for controlling #drones and how it is a completely Russian development. Let’s have a closer look at this marvel of Russian engineering.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

23 days

1. A single photo of a russian workbench gives a sense of how the #war is going for them. Here a russian Telegram channel proudly describes the “FPV "OFFICE" of their graduate. Let’s have a closer look.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

7 months

1. Oops! Russians shot down a Ukrainian [sic] #drone and provided nice photos - but it is a Russian Ghoul repeater drone. I had planned to discuss a Ghoul drone previously: the Russian report makes this post much more detailed.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

3 months

1. Strategic bombing from balloons? Ukraine is using low-cost balloon technology combined with modern electronics to bomb Russia. A few of these balloons crashed thus providing a better look. Note that the following photos are a mix from different crashes.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

6 months

1. It would be easy to overlook this single photo of a mysterious #Ukrainian #drone that was shown on a Russian Telegram channel. This drone crashed in the Belgorod region and there are a number of interesting details.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

4 months

1. My previous threads discussed a Ukrainian #drone with no name. This is a summary of interesting details. The wing is made from 3 sections. Each tail piece is left-right and top-bottom symmetric so the vertical & horizontal pieces are interchangeable.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

8 months

1. Secrets are secret until they are not. The #Ukrainian Baba Yaga is a large #drone that uses advanced electronics and carries a very heavy payload. Russians state these “Cause great damage to our soldiers and fortified areas”.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

Ukraine appears to be making its own flight controllers for FPV drones. This is probably quite important as it enables many possibilities.

Wild hornets

@wilendhornets

5 months

#WildHornets will receive new stingers, Ukrainian ones! And not only that 😉 To be continued...

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

3 months

1. The #Ukrainian company Steel Hornets has been working on interesting munitions for Ukraine’s #drones . These include incendiaries that burn but do not explode. An interesting feature is that these munitions start burning as soon as they are dropped.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

6 months

1. Kamikaze #drones is a nightmare scenario brought to you by the internet of things (IoT). Although many folks warned of the dangers of IoT, being hunted by drones carrying high-explosives was not on their lists. What sequence of events enabled this?

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

4 months

1. This is an update to an earlier thread on a curious Ukrainian #drone . Not much was known then about this drone but there is now a shaky video to analyse. First, we now have a better sense of the size of this drone. It is not small.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

3 months

1. This is a very interesting photo of an unusual camera and flight controller captured from a russian #drone . One interesting point is that the drone is controlled over LTE using a USB modem.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

13. Although this drone has only a 12 HP engine, it has excellent performance. It is fast and can carry 20 kg of munitions at least 300 km. Small and fast makes it hard to shoot down. It has caused a lot of trouble for russians by striking deep into russia.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

3 months

1. Russia claims to be a #superpower and demands the world tremble at their petulant utterances. Sadly, many powerful people dutifully comply. Let’s have a closer look at a weapon deployed by the mighty Russian military. Specifically, a fixed-wing kamikaze #drone .

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

1. There have been complaints on Russian Telegram channels that anti-drone devices known as Breakwater (Волнорез) are failing. These are “mushrooms” that mount on the top of tanks.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

4. To replace losses, both sides require more equipment. For example, without drama or excuses, Ukraine received 1,000 brand new Roshel Senator armored personnel carriers (APC). Roshel now makes 5 of these per day.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

10 days

3. The pressure transducers appear to be from the Slovenian company, HYB Sensor. It is difficult to determine the exact models but possibly HPSD 3100 or HPSD 3000. Feel free to ask HYB Sensor if (and why) their products are in these drones.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

14. Reading what the russians say about these vehicles is very insightful. Have a look yourself. If you found this thread interesting, please repost as a quote. Comments are appreciated. Also see my previous threads listed under, “Highlights”

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

6 months

1. The #Ukrainian Shark #drone by Ukrspec Systems has automated tracking of targets. Not only is this an extremely good-looking drone it is also very capable. A video has been released showing the Shark's tracking ability in the #UkraineRussiaWar ️️.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

20. If you enjoyed this thread, please repost as a quote. Respectful comments are welcome. Also please read my previous threads listed under “Highlights”.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

9. Ukrainians talk about Bukhankocide. “One of the roads of death for Russian logistics. Almost all transportation is on loaves and golf carts. Thanks to the good work of drones & artillery all the field roads and woods are littered with burned-out cars.”

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

7 months

1. Small kamikaze #drones often use detonators for the munitions they are carrying. The trigger can be two bent wires (“whiskers” or “contacts”) that complete a circuit when the drone hits its target. These wire contacts are commonly seen in videos.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

4 months

1. Ukrainian jet #drones (possibly 4) over Shebekino, Russia near Belgorod. Note how fast this drone flies. Also note how it turns.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

5. The russians use Loaves to supply front lines and to escape from shelling. Hitting a fuel tank with an FPV drone will burn the Loaf. More importantly, it will burn what the Loaf is transporting including personnel, equipment, ammunition and weapons.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

12. The large-scale use of donated Loafs strongly suggests russia’s military is running low on armoured vehicles. Russian Telegram channels support this claim. Ukraine is destroying russia’s logistics by burning their Loaves.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

4 months

1. Another update to the Ukrainian drone threads. This photo gives a good view of the centre section of the drone. Generally, the construction & electronics are the same as seen previously.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

11. Russians say they desperately need Loaves to deliver supplies & transport personnel because there are no other resources. That is, they are not using armored vehicles because they do not have them. What happened to russia’s huge store of armoured vehicles?

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

2. The Loaf has been produced since 1965 in several variants. Four-wheel drive is its most interesting feature, otherwise it is extremely basic. All ages of Loaves are seen on the battlefield: ancient to brand new. A 112 HP petrol engine means it is not fast.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

4. An FPV drone knocked this Loaf onto its right side. This view of its underside shows the central engine along with the front and rear solid axels. There are no skid plates. More relevant, there is an unprotected fuel tank on each side.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

4 months

13. Lyutyy is big enough to carry a useful payload 1000 km but small enough to be made in large quantities. With these, Ukraine can seriously dent Russia’s exports as well hurt them militarily. Please consider reposting this thread as a quote: your comments are appreciated.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

10 days

7. I highly recommend watching Michel’s excellent video. It shows how much effort and skill is required to reverse engineer a circuit board. His work will be useful in better understanding the capabilities and limitations of the Shahed-136 drone.

LDM #369: Shahed-136 drone Air Data Computer module

This video shows the analysis of the air data computer used in the Shahed-136 kamikaze drone.00:00 - Intro00:05 - Board overview01:50 - Preliminary test02:27...

www.youtube.com

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

8. Life of a Loaf is short. One group was happy their Loaf made 3 trips before being burned. Another says, “A year ago we made a purchase of vehicles for fighters - and now there is not a single one left. They do not last long in combat conditions.”

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

6. Why is russia using antiquated vans in a war? Fortunately, russian sources are exceptionally forthcoming when discussing Loaves because these vehicles are bought using donations and delivered by volunteers.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

2. After one deep strike, a russian Telegram channel showed a photo of 6 drone engines and incorrectly claimed they were from Ukrainian Liutyi (Fierce) #drones . These engines are much too small for a Liutyi. The true story is more interesting.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

3. The suspension is prehistoric. It has solid axels with leaf spring front and rear. Although it has a sway bar, this vehicle is unlikely to be good for high speeds. The Loaf is easy prey for Ukraine’s FPV drones.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

7. Russians state, “The delivery of ammunition and the removal of the wounded is simply impossible now without such vehicles. Large military vehicles are instantly attacked by FPV drones, which fly in swarms and fly 10-20 km from the LBS to our rear.”

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

3 months

1. Various russian news outlets showed detailed images of a #drone captured by russia's armed forces. It turns out the drone is russian not #Ukrainian . Oops.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

13. A Loaf is likely great on a farm or for camping but its widespread use by russian soldiers indicates a serious lack of military vehicles. We know the Loafs are important to russians because they are now mounting (possibly incorrectly) electronic warfare systems on them.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

1. Even a simple antenna tells a story. A #Russian group showed antennas designed for video transmission from an FPV #drone . These are designed for 1260 & 1160 MHz. A notable feature is that the transmitter is soldered directly to the antenna.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

2 months

10. Russia soldiers are burning through these vehicles, “The highest priority is the supply of vehicles - their shortage is now felt most acutely.” But this demand is driving up prices. A new Loaf is 1.5M rubles (about US$15k).

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

3. For reference, the Liutyi is a fairly large drone that is easily identifiable by its fixed landing gear, twin-boom fuselage and V-tail. Its engine, a Hirth model F23, produces 50 HP and is much larger than the engines shown above.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

1. Russians complain about how Ukraine has so many FPV #drones . “They, like shells, do not end. So, unlike us, they have launched a “people’s drone” program, where anyone can take a free training course, receive components and assemble drones..”

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

10 days

2. The circuit board is fairly small and has two air pressure transducers. One transducer is used for measuring altitude and the other is for airspeed. The board transmits data over an old-school RS232 serial line. A JTAG port is for programming a microcontroller.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

6 months

🧵1. Long-range #drones made by #Ukraine have appeared sporadically for some time. This is a quick look at a few of the designs. Perhaps the most well known is the Beaver (Бобер). This is a sleek aircraft suggesting a good top speed.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

5. These engines are Chinese-made DLE 120. They weigh 2.9 kg and make 12 HP. These engines are smaller than ones used in other drones such as the Beaver, AQ-400 and Mugin-5.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

10 days

8. If anyone recognises this air data computer please comment. If you found this thread useful, please repost as a quote. Comments are welcome. Also consider reading my previous threads listed under “Highlights”.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

10. The Desertcross 1000 takes a different approach to armor, that is, it does not have any. It does have a 0.97L 85 HP engine, 3 seats and not much else. Desert sand is an interesting colour choice for non-sandy Ukraine.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

3. Several months ago several OSINT sites noted that Russia’s storage yards of military equipment were growing noticeable empty. Many of the remaining vehicles are in very poor condition and have largely been stripped of everything useful.

j

@hizzo_jay

10 months

This is the 769th Arsenal containing stocks of tanks and IFVs. It´s located in Vagzhanova, an outskirt of Ulan Ude 🇷🇺 (51,894951 107,5275284). Compared to older imagery ~ 70 % of the stock is gone.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

9. Using experience gained from the Senator APCs, Roshel introduced a mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) version. There are various options including a turret. Engine is a 6.7L 330 HP diesel. There are at least 300 of these MRAPs in Ukraine.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

4. A closer look at the engines reveals a large rectangular mounting plate. Broken props indicate the engines were running during the crash. Heavy damage is likely a result of explosions.

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@DanielR33187703

1 month

6. A pile of airframe parts was also shown from an attack on russia’s Mozdok airfield. These parts are not from a Liutyi. However, the carbon fiber tail boom and sweptback tail fin are very familiar. These belong to a somewhat mysterious drone.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

14. Russia says the Desertcross's "importance and necessity should not be underestimated." But where are those thousands of armoured vehicles that the experts (and pro-Russian folks) told us about? Is this a sign that the equipment stocks are running low?

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

10 days

6. For those with electronics knowledge, Michel also supplied a schematic of the air data computer. (In case you want to make your own 🙂).

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

7. Plenty of these drones have crashed in russia. This example was stripped of components but gives a good view of the airframe. It has several distinctive features that make it easy to identify even in flight.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

17. Also shown was a Lancet analogue with the same honeycomb construction & colour. These 2 drones are likely made by the same company. News sources say the Lancet analogue is Lithuanian and is being tested in Ukraine. The mystery drone may be Lithuanian.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

10 days

4. The back side of the board holds an STM32G071 microcontroller made by ST Microelectronics. This is a relatively basic microcontroller. There is also a regulator for supplying a reference voltage for the analogue-to-digital converter.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

16. This drone was recently displayed at Drone Day 2024 in Lithuania. It was at the booth of the Lithuania company, NT Service who make the SkyWiper EDM4S anti-drone gun. The Prime Minister and Defense Minister were also there.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

4 months

2. The only official photo of this drone is a desktop model complete with a cat & flowers. However, it turns put this model is quite accurate. It has a 3-blade pusher propeller with a twin-boom V-tail. Cooling intakes on the sides suggest a boxer engine.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

2. The total amount of equipment lost in #Ukraine by both sides is huge. Russia has close to 15,000 verified equipment losses and Ukraine has over 5,000. One would expect the stores of old equipment to run low at some point.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

13. These vehicles were also used in a (suicidal) attack with predictable results. This is very confusing. Has Russia been reduced to attacking Ukraine using Chinese-made utility vehicles? Wow...

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

6 months

1. This photo is meant to be a joke but it may quickly become reality. Those long whiskers are 27 MHz antennas like those used on RC planes in the 1990s and earlier. Even a few weeks ago, it was reported that normal frequency bands were saturated by EW and no longer usable.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

4 months

12. The airframe looks great. Ukraine has used these with skill. Attacks on refineries looked perfect with smooth turns before a terminal dive. These attacks were extremely precise.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

10 days

5. The controller measures temperature & pressures, and outputs (somewhat verbose) air speed & altitude data 5 times per second. The verboseness suggests this might be a commercial off-the-shelf product.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

7 months

3. This piece is a RAK3172(H) wireless (LoRa) module made by RAKwireless. It is sold as an “easy-to-use, small-size, low-power solution for long-range wireless data applications”. Importantly it is available in several frequency bands and sells for $5.99.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

5. In comparison, Russia's “fleet is now being replenished” with 2127 Chinese-made Aodes Desertcross 1000-3 all-terrain vehicles. Apparently, these utility vehicles will “increase the mobility of units and thereby help them in solving combat missions.”

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

23 days

16. With effort, a single poor-quality photograph can supply a lot of information about russia’s situation in Ukraine. In short, russia’s military has serious problems supplying its soldiers with repair kit. If you found this thread useful, please repost as a quote.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

14. What is this drone’s name? Various sources have incorrectly identified it as a Chaklun (Sorcerer). However, the Chaklun is a small reconnaissance drone that has been in service since the start of the war.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

12. These vehicles are also very vulnerable to attacks from FPV drones while underway. In spite of this, Russia is using these for assault operations. In this example, the crew manages to survive a hit.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

18. A recent article citing Budanov reported Ukrainian Dragon and Splash drones attacked Morosovsk Airfield in russia. I cannot find anything on “Dragon” & “Splash”. Thus, the mystery drone is likely named either “Dragon” or “Splash”.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

9. The airframe is very nicely designed, and is made using a honeycomb composite. All panels are flush-mount with captive fasteners. Fuel tank looks like a bladder. There are plywood bulkheads and two battery compartments.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

8. Each boom is two nested carbon tubes with locking buttons that enable the entire tail to be easily removed. The 5 white patches are access panels. Interestingly, these panels were obviously reinstalled for these photographs.

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@DanielR33187703

1 month

(If you don't see #19 it says, "In summary, the mysterious drone might be Lithuanian. It might be called Dragon or Splash. The Lithuanian company NT Service could somehow be involved. Regardless, the drone appears to be very effective at causing trouble deep inside russia.")

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@DanielR33187703

5 months

8. There have been several confirmed losses of Senators, which is not many suggesting Ukraine is using them sensibly. Regardless, it seems both Roshel and Ukraine are learning from these losses.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

17. (ps) In February 2022, news reports were about how the mighty Russian army was going to roll through Ukraine in 3 days. What a difference two years has made. Russia has lost 15,000 pieces of equipment and is attacking with utility vehicles.

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@DanielR33187703

1 month

10. A hobby-grade flight controller by Matek Systems (H743-Wing V3), is the brain. Although capable this controller could easily be swapped for something more advanced. Loop-back connectors are in series with batteries, and act as a power switch. The engine mount is nicely made.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

15. A prototype of the mystery drone appeared alongside Chaklun drones in November 2022. The two prototypes used smaller American-made Desert Aircraft DA-100L engines. They also had different wing tips, larger tail fins, different access panels and (of course) landing gear.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

6. Let’s have a closer look at these vehicles. The Senator uses steel wheels with military-grade RM910 tires. These tires limit the top speed to 110 to 130 km/h depending on load rating (although one suspects they have been driven faster).

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

1 month

11. Here the 3D-printed cover is removed showing a damaged GPS antenna. It is a somewhat unusual active antenna by Taoglas, model XAHP.50. There are no obvious cameras or other antennas on this drone. It is likely completely autonomous.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

11. The lack of armor is demonstrated where an attack by a Ukrainian Baba Yaga drone easily damaged these vehicles. This suggested these vehicles were too close to the action and should be further back.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

7. The Desertcross 1000-3 has alloy wheels with light-duty Marsway brand tires. To complicate logistics, the front and rear wheels are different sizes, AT27X9-14 and AT27X9-14. For some reason these have not held up well in a war zone.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

23 days

4. The anti-drone gun is a very common device in this war. These are typically low-cost and are made by various Chinese companies. The one hanging by the bench can jam 6 (unknown) frequency bands.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

23 days

3. The munition looks like a nasty thermobaric warhead that is used against vehicles and personnel. It seems odd to have this on a workbench meant for repairing drones.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

23 days

2. There are a few things including the rifle (AK?) indicating this is near the frontlines. Can weapons folks please comment on this rifle, especially if there is anything interesting about it?

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

4 months

11. A video of Lyutyy in flight suggests it is very stable. It has also been extremely successful at attacking targets deep in Russia. The drone in this video hit an oil refinery.

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@DanielR33187703

23 days

6. Much of this war is powered by rechargeable LiPo batteries. There are at least 8 battery packs visible. There is also a battery charger.

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@DanielR33187703

23 days

5. The radio is made by Baofengtech (model BaoFeng UV-82). It has the optional, larger battery and an optional antenna. These are civilian-grade but are also widely used by russian soldiers.

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@DanielR33187703

7 months

4. The RAK3172 is based on a microcontroller (STM32WLE5CC) made by STMicroelectronics. It has a built-in radio with a frequency range of 150 MHz to 960 MHz. Developing firmware is straightforward using the freely available STM32CubeIDE software.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

15. If you enjoyed this thread please consider reposting as a quote: your comments are appreciated. Also consider reading my previous threads, listed under the “Highlights” tab.

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@DanielR33187703

7 months

6. They made a big deal of the “magic antennas with filter” for the receiver. It is a half-wave dipole antenna. The dimensions of the RAK3172 are known & enable an estimate of the antenna length of 160 mm, corresponding to a frequency of about 930 MHz.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

7 months

13. Watch for more developments in electronic warfare. If you enjoyed this thread, please consider reposting as quote: your comments are appreciated.

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@DanielR33187703

4 months

9. This drone had written on it, “warm greetings to the Lipetsk Metallurgical Plant”. This is a very large steel plant that was also struck by drones on February 24.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

23 days

15. The overall impression is that this bench was not supplied by the russian military. Instead, it was cobbled together entirely from donations and whatever the soldiers could buy or otherwise acquire themselves. Also, very revealing is what is absent.

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

7 months

5. There is a transmitter that plugs into the back of a standard radio control. The case is standard 3D printed. There are a few ways of making this but it very likely contains an STM32 microcontroller. The very bright LED will be helpful to Ukrainian snipers.

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@DanielR33187703

4 months

3. Videos of attacks provide additional details. Most of the design features seen in the model are present. In addition, there appears to be winglets and a long pitot tube. There may be a pod under the nose (perhaps a camera).

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DanielR

@DanielR33187703

5 months

16. (ps) Just to be clear, the DesertCross may be a perfectly fine utility vehicle when used for its intended purpose but that purpose seems to be for recreation or on a farm (see photo). Even Russian propaganda says, “the all-terrain vehicle does not have any protection, which

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