Skeletal muscle functions like an endocrine organ, producing and secreting myokines that exert their effects in either an autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manner…
Adaptations to aerobic exercise training: Exercise induces pleiotropic benefits by impacting various tissues, including skeletal muscle, brain, adipose tissue, blood vessels, immune cells, and developing fetus…
Anna Vainshtein et al. J Appl Physiol.
Mitochondria play a key role in the physiologic stress response through dynamic interactions with stress-associated pathways. Chronic stress can alter mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial function, increasing the risk for pathological conditions…
Exercise is a promising non-pharmacological strategy to maintain and improve brain function. Exercise stimulates the production of exerkines from tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, or liver, which affect the nervous system…
Physical activity for cognitive health promotion: An overview of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms
Chong Chen & Shin Nakagawa | Ageing Res Rev.
Exercise and metabolic health: beyond skeletal muscle…
John P. Thyfault & Audrey Bergouignan | Diabetologia
Inter-organ crosstalk and substrate fluxes during exercise:
Physically active individuals have a lower (~30–40%) risk of developing Alzheimer's disease than their physically inactive peers, and exercise interventions exert numerous benefits on patients who already have AD:
Illustration of bidirectional communication between the central nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, and the gut microbiome in the context of depression…
Skeletal muscle regulates immune system functions via myokines and immune modulatory molecules. Immune cells in turn influence muscle mass and function. Therefore, skeletal muscle may act as a central integrator between sarcopenia and immune senescence.
Different modes of exercise and exercise intensity trigger different adaptations and effects on muscle energy metabolism, liver energy metabolism, endothelial function and myocardial function…
Physical inactivity & sedentary behavior:
➡️major contributors to endocrine and metabolic diseases
➡️1.4 times more likely to develop dementia
➡️1.75 times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease
➡️increased risk of premature death
The ageing neuromuscular system and sarcopenia: a mitochondrial perspective
• Lifelong physical activity, which promotes mitochondrial health across tissues, is emerging as an effective countermeasure for sarcopenia…
Effects of physical activity and exercise interventions on Alzheimer's disease: an umbrella review of existing meta-analyses
Susana López-Ortiz et al. J Neurol.
Resistance Exercise Training in Individuals With and Without Cardiovascular Disease: 2023 Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association…
The figure summarizes major neuroendocrine pathways and behavioral disorders implicated in chronic stress, affecting (either directly or indirectly) metabolic functions, organ pathology, risk of metabolic disease and the pace of biological aging…
Regular exercise induces a wide range of direct and indirect physiological adaptations and pleiotropic benefits for cardiovascular and general health...
Physical exercise enhances muscle-brain communication. Myokines, i.e. muscle-derived molecules, play a key role by triggering signaling mechanisms that boost neuroplasticity, cognition, and mood.
Sarcopenia and obesity have similar pathophysiologic factors, including lifestyle behaviors, hormones, and immunological factors, all of which may synergistically affect the risk of developing a series of adverse health issues…