A podcast that explores the underlying principles of complex systems - systems that defy our rational view of the world. By Sean Brady (
@BradyHeywood
).
“The empirical results so far suggest that, despite their apparent complexity, cities on the whole may actually be quite simple.”
@BettencourtLuis
in “Introduction to Urban Science”
1/ Walking speed in a city increases as the population rises.
From
@BettencourtLuis
"Introduction to Urban Science - Evidence and Theory of Cities as Complex Systems"
1/ 'Cities are emergent complex adaptive social network systems resulting from the continuous interactions among their inhabitants, enhanced and facilitated by the feedback mechanisms provided by urban life.'
by Geoffrey West
1/ The 10 Features of Complex Systems: No 2 - Disorder and diversity
"Disorder and diversity: the interactions in a complex system are not coordinated or controlled centrally, and the components may differ."
1/ One of my favourite ideas in Complexity Science is the 'El Farol Problem' invented by W. Brian Arthur of
@sfiscience
and Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).
It's easy to articulate, but its implications are profound.
1/ The Santa Fe approach (
@sfiscience
) to
#complexityeconomics
.
'Here was this elusive "Santa Fe approach": Instead of emphasizing decreasing returns, static equilibrium, and perfect rationality, as in the neoclassical view,'
1/ Cities are dominated by scaling laws that are related to their physical infrastructure, as well as their social and economic quantities.
Here's a thread on Geoffrey West's thoughts regarding the underlying structures evident in city life.
1/ The 10 Features of Complex Systems: No 2 - Disorder and diversity
"Disorder and diversity: the interactions in a complex system are not coordinated or controlled centrally, and the components may differ."
Listen to
#SimplifyingComplexity
for more
1/ Prof
@Sara_Imari
of
@asu
and
@sfi
returns on Simplifying Complexity to talk about the Origin of Life, bringing together her previous two topics of information and time.
Listen at:
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Our latest episode sees the return of
@Sara_Imari
of
@asu
&
@sfi
to talk about TIME. She covers how its definition has changed through history, and why we should re-examine it again
Apple
Google
Spotify
1/ The Santa Fe approach (
@sfiscience
) to
#complexityeconomics
.
'Here was this elusive "Santa Fe approach": Instead of emphasizing decreasing returns, static equilibrium, and perfect rationality, as in the neoclassical view,'
#SimplifyingComplexity
Podcast ep 1: David Krakauer
@sfiscience
discussing why agreeing on a definition of complexity is less important than agreeing on the principles
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Google:
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#SimplifyingComplexity
ep 1: David Krakauer
@sfiscience
discusses pushing scientific disciplines into the background & pulling concepts like computation and information forward.
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1/ In the latest eps of Simplifying Complexity, we examine the societal interactions that affect a child's chance of getting ahead in life.
We're joined by
@JacksonmMatt
, William D. Eberle Professor of Economics at
@Stanford
University, and External Faculty at the
@sfiscience
.
1/ "My interest in chaos began during my graduate studies at UC Santa Cruz, where I became fascinated by the underlying order within seemingly random systems."
A thread 👇🧵
@doyne_farmer
in Making Sense of Chaos.
For more, listen at:
Emergence in complex systems happens when individual parts interact, leading to unexpected, large-scale behaviors. It's why simple rules can create intricate ant colonies or how neurons produce consciousness.
The whole becomes greater than the sum of its parts.
#Complexity
1/
@Sara_Imari
of
@asu
and
@sfiscience
on the relationship between information and energy in complex systems.
"Energy and information are kind of similar in the sense that they're both abstract properties,
1/ 'Cities are emergent complex adaptive social network systems resulting from the continuous interactions among their inhabitants, enhanced and facilitated by the feedback mechanisms provided by urban life.'
by Geoffrey West
Karoline Wiesner (
@unipotsdam
) on the 10 features of complex systems. For anyone that wants an introduction to complexity, this is a great place to start!
#SimplifyingComplexity
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1/ Is there a mathematical law of war?
Prof. Neil Johnson on Lewis Fry Richardson's discovery of straight line relationships in wars, starting with World War 1.
A thread.
1/ Geoffrey West of
@sfiscience
on some of the astonishing scaling laws that exist in nature – despite all the variety and messiness of life, biology sometimes does draw straight lines.
1/ "It seems likely that the biggest progress in the next 50 years may come not from improvements in technology but in psychology and design thinking.
A thread on
@rorysutherland
's thoughts on why we don't place the same value on psychological solutions as we do on rational ones
1/ The 10 Features of Complex Systems: No 5 - Spontaneous order and self-organisation
"Spontaneous order and self-organisation: complex systems exhibit structure and order that arise out of the interactions among their parts."
1/ "In short, the world runs on two operating systems."
A thread on
@rorysutherland
's thoughts in Alchemy on how the world runs on two systems: logical and psycho-logical.
Our latest guest on
#SimplifyingComplexity
is
@Gerald_Ashley
, who speaks on risk, Knightian Uncertainty, and the importance of understanding whether the issue you're trying to solve is a Puzzle, a Problem, or a Mess.
Listen at:
1/ The 10 Features of Complex Systems: No 1
"Numerosity: complex systems involve many interactions among many components"
"In general how much numerosity is needed depends on the system."
1/ A thread on
#agentbasedmodelling
from 'Complex Adaptive Systems' by John H. Miller and
@Scott_E_Page
examining the benefit of a bottom-up approach to modelling a system, as opposed to the more traditional top-down approach.
1/ If you rank US cities based on the number of cities that have a certain population size, and then plot them on a log-log scale you get roughly a straight line.
1/ On the various kinds of universality and forms of universal behaviour in
#complexsystems
:
'While the interactions between the components in a network have some particular nature and are governed by the corresponding laws, often we can ignore the details about them,'
1/ W. Brian Arthur's thoughts on a new type of science:
#complexityscience
'There was profound mystery here: Why is it that simple particles obeying simple rules will sometimes engage in the most astonishing, unpredictable behavior?'
1/ "A natural way to bound the system in thinking of creativity is at the skull." "But once you're a card carrying complex systems theorist, you're not tied to classic boundaries."
@TylerMarghetis
(
@UCMerced
&
@sfiscience
) examines 'creativity' through a
#complexsystems
lens
1/ W. Brian Arthur on SFI's (
@sfiscience
) achievements in the early days of
#complexityscience
.
'Fundamentally, he says, he's come to realize that the Santa Fe Institute was and is a catalyst for changes that would have taken place in any case - but much more slowly.'
1/ One of my favourite ideas in Complexity Science is the 'El Farol Problem' invented by W. Brian Arthur of
@sfiscience
and Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).
It's easy to articulate, but its implications are profound.
We have found this to be one of the most effective of our graphics for explaining why we need new (system) approaches when dealing with complex systems.
You can find this and our other graphics available for use in your teaching and presentations here:
Here’s
@Sara_Imari
and Paul Davis on the role of information in complex systems, particularly life:
‘What we term the “hard problem of life” is the identification of the actual physical mechanism the permits information to gain causal purchase over matter’
1/ David Krakauer (
@sfiscience
) on
#SimplifyingComplexity
talking about the key aspects of intelligence.
"So I think of intelligence as being this three-dimensional quality.
1/ Many systems involve synchronisation, from the behaviour of semiconductors to the beating of your heart. In this episode we're joined by
@oritpeleg
(
@CUBoulder
,
@sfiscience
and
@InsideNatGeo
) to explore how fireflies synchronise.
1/ Geoffrey West of
@sfiscienceon
why bigger is better in complex systems - as animals get larger, they become more efficient. Double the size of an animal, and you only have to increase it's metabolic rate by 75%. You get a 25% saving.
1/
@Sara_Imari
of
@asu
and
@sfi
using the example of a Hogwart's Lego set to explain the role of information in a complex system.
"You can imagine you have a Lego castle, I like to think about Lego Hogwarts because we can all kind of visualise that pretty easily"
1/ A thread on
#agentbasedmodelling
from 'Complex Adaptive Systems' by John H. Miller and
@Scott_E_Page
examining the benefit of a bottom-up approach to modelling a system, as opposed to the more traditional top-down approach.
Guest
@BettencourtLuis
on
#SimplifyingComplexity
discusses how cities reduce our interaction costs, which allows us to specialise, thus playing a big role in why cities drive economic prosperity.
Listen at:
1/ A thread on the multidisciplinary nature of
#complexsystems
"Clearly complexity science would not be possible without the rest of science, and it involves combining theories from different domains and synthesising tools from various sciences."
“There is no master neuron in the brain, for example, nor is there any master cell within a developing embryo. If there is to be any coherent behaviour in the system, it has to arise from competition and cooperation among the agents.” John Holland, 1992
From an interview with David Krakauer of
@sfiscience
- Is stupidity the opposite of intelligence?
'So there’s intelligence, there’s genius, there’s stupidity, there’s ignorance, and there’s being wrong. And it’s worth unpacking what each of these might mean.
1/ A thread on
#agentbasedmodelling
from 'Complex Adaptive Systems' by John H. Miller and
@Scott_E_Page
examining the benefit of a bottom-up approach to modelling a system, as opposed to the more traditional top-down approach.
1/ Our latest episode features
@rorysutherland
talking about all things complexity science, and the dangers of making decisions under the pretense of non-complexity.
Listen at:
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Google:
Spotify:
1/ A thread on how if you know the population of a city you can estimate the number of gas stations it has.
And that's only the beginning of what you can estimate using scaling laws. Here's a thread from Geoffrey West of
@sfiscience
:
1/ If you know the mass of a mammal, you can work out a huge amount of how that mammal will live its life - here's some thoughts from Geoffrey West of
@sfiscience
, and a past guest on Simplifying Complexity:
).
1/ The 10 Features of Complex Systems: No 7 - Robustness
"Robustness: the structure and function of complex systems is stable under relevant perturbations."
1/ One of my favourite ideas in Complexity Science is the 'El Farol Problem' invented by W. Brian Arthur of
@sfiscience
and Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).
It's easy to articulate, but its implications are profound.
1/ David Krakauer (
@sfiscience
) on
#SimplifyingComplexity
talking about how the things we thought were going to be hard to do with AI have actually proven easy, like playing chess, but things we don't think of as being intelligent have proven very hard, like running.
1/ David Krakauer (
@sfiscience
) on
#SimplifyingComplexity
talking about the role that 'Representation' plays in making us humans intelligent.
"Representation goes all the way down into the brain and all the way out into culture.
1/ One of my favourite ideas in Complexity Science is the 'El Farol Problem' invented by W. Brian Arthur of
@sfiscience
and Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) and a guest on Simplifying Complexity ()
It's easy to articulate but profound in its implications
'We argue that a system is complex if it has some or all of spontaneous order and self-organisation, nonlinear behaviour, robustness, history and memory, nested structure and modularity, and adaptive behaviour.'
1/ A thread on how if you know the population of a city you can estimate the number of gas stations it has.
And that's only the beginning of what you can estimate using scaling laws. Here's a thread from Geoffrey West of
@sfiscience
:
1/ People often define life as a self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution, but there are challenges with this definition.
A thread from
@Sara_Imari
of
@asu
and
@sfi
and our latest guest on Simplifying Complexity ().
1/ The 10 Features of Complex Systems: No 1
"Numerosity: complex systems involve many interactions among many components"
"In general how much numerosity is needed depends on the system."
Listen to
#SimplifyingComplexity
for more
1/ A thread on emergence in
#complexsystems
"A central idea in complexity science is that complex systems are spontaneous products of their parts and the interactions among them."
1/ 'Cities are emergent complex adaptive social network systems resulting from the continuous interactions among their inhabitants, enhanced and facilitated by the feedback mechanisms provided by urban life.'
by Geoffrey West
Geoffrey West's thoughts on how cities are dominated by scaling laws that are related to their physical infrastructure, as well as their social and economic quantities.
Listen to more from Geoffrey on Simplifying Complexity ()
1/ W. Brian Arthur on SFI's (
@sfiscience
) achievements in the early days of
#complexityscience
.
'Fundamentally, he says, he's come to realize that the Santa Fe Institute was and is a catalyst for changes that would have taken place in any case - but much more slowly.'
“Of all the different styles of music, I would argue that modern jazz is the closest to a true Complex system and hence closest to the musical equivalent of Complexity.”
Neil Johnson in his book 'Simply Complexity'
Per Bak on Self Organised Criticality (SOC) in complex systems:
“The canonical example of SOC is a pile of sand. A sandpile exhibits punctuated equilibrium behavior, where periods of stasis are interrupted by intermittent sand slides.
"It was becoming more and more clear to me that the things I wanted to understand, that I was curious about, that would please me if I found out about them - equilibrium wasn't an important part of any of them"
John Holland (from Waldrop's Complexity )
1/ Is there a mathematical law of war?
A thread.
Prof. Neil Johnson on Lewis Fry Richardson's discovery of straight line relationships in wars, starting with World War 1.
Listen at
#SimplifyingComplexity
Podcast ep 1: David Krakauer
@sfiscience
discussing how you develop strategies for different situations by accumulating experience or memories.
Apple:
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In this podcast series we explore the underlying principles of
#complexity
science to better understand how
#systems
work, and just as importantly, how they fail.
Apple Podcasts:
Google Podcasts:
Spotify:
1/ Scientists are often portrayed like it "was just them cogitating, sweating, steam coming out of their ears, and then suddenly they have this eureka insight." "That vision makes it difficult to understand the actual history of science."
@TylerMarghetis
on
#creativity
1/ We expect complexity in our lives, but we struggle with it in our science.
'If we look at our own lives, we are happy to conclude that what happens emerges through a complex interplay of chance, choice, the behaviours of others, particular events and decisions,'
1/ The 10 Features of Complex Systems: No 3 - Feedback
"Feedback: the interactions in complex systems are iterated so that there is feedback from previous interactions on a time scale relevant to the system's emergent dynamics."
Knightian uncertainty, named after economist Frank Knight, refers to the type of uncertainty that is immeasurable and impossible to calculate.
It's different from risk, where probabilities can be assigned. This is a thread. 🧵👇
1/
@Sara_Imari
of
@asu
and
@sfiscience
on the relationship between information and energy in complex systems.
"Energy and information are kind of similar in the sense that they're both abstract properties,